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arXiv 2004.04942astro-ph.EP
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环形盘中卵石吸积形成行星形成

Planet formation by pebble accretion in ringed disks

Alessandro Morbidelli

摘要:

内容:卵石吸积预计将是形成大质量固体行星的主要过程,例如巨行星和超级地球的核心。到目前为止,这一过程的研究都是在假设尘埃在整个原行星盘中凝结和漂移的情况下进行的。然而,观测结果表明,许多圆盘的结构可能是由于压力最大而形成的环,阻止了尘埃的全球径向漂移。目的:我们研究如何卵石吸积范式的变化,如果尘埃被限制在一个环。结果:行星I型迁移停止在一个环中,但不一定在其中心。如果熵驱动的共转力矩是去饱和的,行星位于尘埃密度低的区域,这严重限制了它的吸积速率。相反,如果行星靠近环的中心,它的吸积率可以类似于它在一个经典的(无环)磁盘的同等尘埃密度。然而,行星的增长速度受到环中尘埃扩散的限制,最终行星的质量受到环总质量的限制。DSHARP环离恒星太远,不允许在圆盘的寿命内形成大质量行星。然而,一个类似的环被重新调整为5 AU,可能会导致一个行星的形成,包括整个环的质量不到1/2 My。结论:星环的存在可能并不是卵石吸积形成行星形成的障碍。然而,为了使吸积有效,行星的静止位置必须相对靠近环的中心,并且环需要离中心恒星不太远。行星环的形成可以解释巨行星的存在,其核心质量小于所谓的卵石隔离质量。

英文摘要:

Context: Pebble accretion is expected to be the dominant process for the formation of massive solid planets, such as the cores of giant planets and super-Earths. So, far, this process has been studied under the assumption that dust coagulates and drifts throughout the full protoplanetary disk. However, observations show that many disks are structured in rings that may be due to pressure maxima, preventing the global radial drift of the dust. Aims: We study how the pebble-accretion paradigm changes if the dust is confined in a ring. Results: Planet Type-I migration is stopped in a ring, but not necessarily at its center. If the entropy-driven corotation torque is desaturated, the planet is located in a region with a low density of dust, which severely limits its accretion rate. If instead the planet is near the ring's center, its accretion rate can be similar to the one it would have in a classic (ring-less) disk of equivalent dust density. However, the growth rate of the planet is limited by the diffusion of dust in the ring and the final planet's mass is bounded by the total ring's mass. The DSHARP rings are too far from the star to allow the formation of massive planets within the disk's lifetime. However, a similar ring rescaled to 5 AU could lead to the formation of a planet incorporating the full ring's mass in less than 1/2 My. Conclusions: The existence of rings may not be an obstacle to planet formation by pebble-accretion. However, for accretion to be effective the resting position of the planet has to be relatively near the ring's center and the ring needs to be not too far from the central star. The formation of planets in rings can explain the existence of giant planets with core masses smaller than the so-called pebble isolation mass.

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