Information loss paradox is still a challenging problem in theoretical physics. In this essay, for statics BTZ black holes and Schwarzschild black holes, we propose a simple solution based on the similarity between black holes and topological insulators. That is, the Hawking radiation is pure due to the entanglement between the left-moving sector and right-moving sector of the Hawking radiation. And this entanglement may be detected in an analogue black hole in the near future.
We study the sparsity of Hawking radiation from nonrotating singularity-free black holes in conformal gravity. We give a rigorous bound on the greybody factor for massless scalar field and calculate the sparsity of Hawking radiation from the black hole. Besides, we investigate the dependence of the greybody factor and the sparsity of Hawking radiation on the conformal parameters. Our study shows that the Hawking radiation from the black hole is extremely sparse. When the conformal parameters are large, the increase of conformal parameters will lead to an even more sparse Hawking radiation, whi…
Hawking radiation can usefully be viewed as a semi-classical tunnelling process that originates at the black hole horizon. The conservation of energy implies the effect of self-gravitation. For a static black hole, a generalized Painleve coordinate system is introduced, and Hawking radiation as tunnelling under the effect of self-gravitation is investigated. The corrected radiation is consistent with the underlying unitary theory.
Using heat kernel techniques we show that the relation between Hawking temperature and radiation flux known from Einstein gravity in D dimensions can be reproduced from the spherically reduced action. A recent controversy regarding the D=2 anomaly for that case is discussed. The generalized effective Polyakov action in the presence of a dilaton field is presented.
We consider the Hawking radiation from two regular black holes, the minimal model and the noncommutative black hole. The flux of Hawking radiation is derived by applying the anomaly cancellation method proposed by Robinson and Wilczek. Two regular black holes have the same radiation pattern except for the detailed expression for the Hawking temperature. The resulting flux of the energy-momentum tensor is shown to be precisely the same with the thermal flux from each regular black hole at the Hawking temperature.
The spectrum of Hawking radiation by quantum fields in the curved spacetime is continuous, so the explanation of Hawking radiation using quasinormal modes can be suspected to be impossible. We find that quasinormal modes do not explain the relation between the state observed in a region far away from a black hole and the short distance behavior of the state on the horizon.
In this paper we derive a class of rotating embedded black holes. Then we study Hawking's radiation effects on these embedded black holes. The surface gravity, entropy and angular velocity are given for each of these black holes.
In this paper we study the Hawking radiation in Reissner-Nordstrom and Kerr-Newman black holes by considering the charge to be the function of radial coordinate.
Stimulated Hawking radiation in an analogue black hole in a Bose-Einstein condensate was reported seven years ago, and it was claimed that the stimulation was of the black hole lasing variety. The study was based on observation of rapidly-growing negative-energy waves. We find that the Hawking particles are directly observable in the experimental plots, which confirms the stimulated Hawking radiation. We further verify this result with new measurements. Also, the observed Hawking particles provide a sensitive, background-free probe of the underlying mechanism of the stimulation. The experiment…
Using tunnelling approach, Hawking radiation is derived for a general class of non-static spherically symmetric space time. The standard tunnelling rate formula is obtained using the unified first law of thermodynamics on the trapping horizon and Hawking temperature is measured by an Kodama observer inside the horizon.
Hawking radiation is one essential property of quantum black hole. It results in the information loss paradox, and give important clue to the unification of quantum mechanics and general relativity. In the previous works, the boundary scalar field on the horizon of black holes were used to give the microstates of BTZ black holes and Kerr black holes. They are account for the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. In this paper, we show that the Hawking radiation can also be derived from those scalar fields. Actually the Hawking radiation are superposition of thermal radiation of right/left sector at diff…
A recent article [J. Steinhauer, Nat. Phys. 12, 959 (2016)] has reported the observation of quantum Hawking radiation and its entanglement in an analogue black hole. This paper analyses the published evidence, its consistency with theoretical bounds and the statistical significance of the results. The analysis raises severe doubts on the observation of Hawking radiation.
Renyi entropies of a black hole are evaluated by counting the states of the Hawking radiation which fills a thin shell surrounding the horizon. The width of the shell is determined from its energy content and the corresponding mass defect. The Bekenstein-Hawking formula for the entropy of the black hole is correctly reproduced.
Hawking radiation can usefully be viewed as a semi-classical tunnelling process that originates at the black hole horizon. For the stationary axisymmetric BTZ black hole, a generalized Painleve coordinate system (Painleve-BTZ coordinates) is introduced, and Hawking radiation as tunnelling under the effect of self-gravitation is investigated. The corrected radiation is obtained which is not precise thermal spectrum. The result is consistent with the underlying unitary theory. Moreover, Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of BTZ black hole is not necessarily corrected when we choose appropriate coordinat…
In this paper, we review the one-dimensional quantum channel and investigate Hawking radiation of bosons and fermions in Kerr and Kerr-Newman black holes. The result shows the Hawking radiation can be described by the quantum channel. The thermal conductances are derived and related to the black holes' temperatures.
We observe spontaneous Hawking radiation, stimulated by quantum vacuum fluctuations, emanating from an analogue black hole in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. Correlations are observed between the Hawking particles outside the black hole and the partner particles inside. These correlations indicate an approximately thermal distribution of Hawking radiation. We find that the high energy pairs are entangled, while the low energy pairs are not, within the reasonable assumption that excitations with different frequencies are not correlated. The entanglement verifies the quantum nature of the Ha…
Recent progress of black hole thermodynamics due to Hawking radiation has been applied to universal thermodynamics with universe as inhomogeneous LTB model. Hawking-like temperature with quantum corrections has been evaluated using HJ method and the semiclassical part of the temperature coincides with that formulated in radial null geodesic method.
We obtain the solution corresponding to a static and spherically symmetric black hole with a cloud of strings (Letelier spacetime) immersed in a quintessential fluid. We discuss some aspects of its thermodynamics. We also present a discussion about Hawking radiation of particles, in the background under consideration.
In this Letter we study the gravitational interactions between outgoing configurations giving rise to Hawking radiation and in-falling configurations. When the latter are in their ground state, the near horizon interactions lead to collective effects which express themselves as metric fluctuations and which induce dissipation, as in Brownian motion. This dissipation prevents the appearance of trans-Planckian frequencies and leads to a description of Hawking radiation which is very similar to that obtained from sound propagation in condensed matter models.
It is argued that Hawking radiation has indeed been measured and shown to posses a thermal spectrum, as predicted. This contention is based on three separate legs. The first is that the essential physics of the Hawking process for black holes can be modelled in other physical systems. The second is the white hole horizons are the time inverse of black hole horizons, and thus the physics of both is the same. The third is that the quantum emission, which is the Hawking process, is completely determined by measurements of the classical parameters of a linear physical system. The experiment conduc…
We investigate the Hawking radiation of 3+1 and 4+1 dimensional black holes in the $z = 4$ Horava-Lifshitz gravity with fermion tunnelling. It turns out that the Hawking temperatures are recovered and are in consistence with those obtained by calculating surface gravity of the black holes. For the 3+1 dimensional black holes, the Hawking temperatures are related to the fundamental parameters of Horava-Lifshitz gravity.
We apply the technique of complex paths to obtain Hawking radiation in different coordinate representations of the Schwarzschild space-time. The coordinate representations we consider do not possess a singularity at the horizon unlike the standard Schwarzschild coordinate. However, the event horizon manifests itself as a singularity in the expression for the semiclassical action. This singularity is regularized by using the method of complex paths and we find that Hawking radiation is recovered in these coordinates indicating the covariance of Hawking radiation as far as these coordinates are …
We derive a class of non-stationary embedded rotating black holes and study the Hawking's radiation effects on these embedded black holes. The surface gravity, entropy and angular velocity, which are three important properties of black holes, are presented for each of these embedded black holes.
Recently, Hawking radiation from a $4-$dimensional linear dilaton black hole solution to Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) theory, via a method of computing exactly the semi-classical radiation, has been derived by Cl\U{e9}ment, et al. Their results show that, whenever solution is available to the massless scalar wave equation, an exact computation of the radiation spectrum leads to the Hawking temperature $T_{H}$. We apply the same method to derive Hawking radiation spectrum for higher dimensional linear dilaton black holes in the Einstein-Yang-Mills-Dilaton (EYMD) and Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (…
The paper deals with Hawking radiation from a general static black hole due to tunnelling of particle having non-zero mass. Due to complicated calculations, quantum corrections are calculated upto first order. The results are compared with those for massless particle near the horizon.
Thermal bath induced suppression of Hawking radiation
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院化学研究所电分析化学国家重点实验室）；Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook（纽约州立大学石溪分校化学系和物理与天文学系）
We consider dynamical black hole formation from a collapsing fluid described by a symmetric and flat FRW metric. Using the Hamilton-Jacobi method the local Hawking temperature for the formed trapping/apparent horizon is calculated. The local Hawking temperature depends on the tunneling path, which we take to be along a null direction $(Δs=0)$. We find that the local Hawking temperature depends directly on the equation of state of the collapsing fluid. We argue that Hawking radiation by quantum tunnelling from future inner and future outer trapping horizons is possible. However, only radiation …
The recent work of Nation et al in which Hawking radiation energy and entropy flow from a black hole can be regarded as a one-dimensional (1D) Landauer transport process is extended to the case of a Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) black hole. It is found that the flow of charge current can also be transported via a 1D quantum channel except the current of Hawking radiation. The maximum entropy current, which is shown to be particle statistics independence, is also obtained.
The decomposition in normal modes of a scalar field conformally coupled to an AdS black hole leads to a Heun equation with simple coefficients thanks to conformal invariance. By applying the Damour-Ruffini method we can relate the critical exponent of the radial part at the horizon surface to the Hawking radiation of scalar particles.
In Refs. (M. Atiqur Rahman, M. Ilias Hossain (2012) Phys. Lett. B {\bf 712} 1), we have developed Hamilton-Jacobi method for dynamical spacetime and discussed Hawking radiation of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole by massive particle tunneling method. In this letter, we have investigated the hawking purely thermal and nonthermal radiations of Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter (RNdS) black hole. We have considered energy and angular momentum as conserved and shown that the tunneling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the derived emission spectrum deviates from the pure …
Following the initial work of Calcagni et al. on the black holes in multi-fractional theories, we focus on the Schwarzschild black hole in multi-fractional theory with q-derivatives. After presenting its Hawking and Hayward temperatures in detail, we verify these results by appealing to the well-known Hamilton-Jacobi and null geodesic methods of the tunnelling approach to Hawking radiation. A special emphasis is placed on the difference between the geometric and fractional frames.
In the present paper, the Hawking radiation of massive bosons from 4-dimensional and 5-dimensional black strings are studied in quantum tunneling formalism. Firstly, we derive the Hamilton-Jacobi equation set via the Proca equation and WKB approximation. Then, the tunneling rates and Hawking temperature of the black strings are obtained. Our calculations show that the tunneling rates and Hawking temperatures are related to the properties of black strings' spacetime. When compare our results with those of scalars and fermions cases, it finds that they are the same.
We consider the non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole and construct a wave packet that exhibits the Hawking radiation. We find the average of the number of the created particles with respect to the $|0\rangle$ vacuum state and with respect to Unruh type vacuum state. The average of the number operator in the $|0\rangle$ vacuum state consists of two terms: one is related to the Hawking radiation and the second is not related. We use the same construction for the extremal RN black hole and get that the average of the number operator with respect to the $|0\rangle$ vacuum state is also a sum…
We investigated Dirac Particles' Hawking radiation from event horizon of Kerr black hole in terms of the tunneling formalism. Applying WKB approximation to the general covariant Dirac equation in Kerr spacetime background, we obtain the tunneling probability for fermions and Hawking temperature of Kerr black hole. The result obtained by taking the fermion tunneling into account is consistent with the previous literatures.
In this paper, we extend Parikh' work to the non-stationary black hole. As an example of the non-stationary black hole, we study the tunnelling effect and Hawking radiation from a Vaidya black hole whose Bondi mass is identical to its mass parameter. We view Hawking radiation as a tunnelling process across the event horizon and calculate the tunnelling probability. We find that the result is different from Parikh's work because $\frac{dr_{H}}{dv}$ is the function of Bondi mass m(v).
Hawking radiation, despite being known to theoretical physics for nearly forty years, remains elusive and undetected. It also suffers, in its original context of gravitational black holes, from practical and conceptual difficulties. Of particular note is the trans-Planckian problem, which is concerned with the apparent origin of the radiation in absurdly high frequencies. In order to gain better theoretical understanding and, it is hoped, experimental verification of Hawking radiation, much study is being devoted to laboratory systems which use moving media to model the spacetime geometry of b…
We investigate the Hawking radiation of Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) black hole by massive particles tunneling method. We consider the spacetime background to be dynamical, incorporate the self-gravitation effect of the emitted particles and show that the tunneling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the derived emission spectrum deviates from the pure thermal spectrum when energy and angular momentum are conserved. Our result is also in accordance with Parikh and Wilczek\rq s opinion and gives a correction to the Hawking radiation of SdS black hole.
In this paper we study the Hawking evaporation of masses of variable-charged Reissner-Nordstrom and Kerr-Newman, black holes embedded into the de Sitter universe by considering the charge to be function of radial coordinate of the spherically symmetric metric.
We theoretically study the entanglement of Hawking radiation pairs emitted by an analogue black hole. We find that this entanglement can be measured by the experimentally accessible density-density correlation function, vastly simplifying the measurement. We find that while the Hawking radiation exiting the black hole might be Planck-distributed, the correlations between the Hawking radiation and the partner particles has a distribution which is weaker but broader than Planckian. Thus, the high energy tail of the distribution of Hawking radiation should be entangled, whereas the low energy par…
In the present article, we study the Hawking radiation (HR) of spin-1 particles -- so-called vector particles -- from a three dimensional (3D) rotating black hole with scalar hair (RBHWSH) using Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) ansatz. Putting the Proca equation amalgamated with the WKB approximation in process, the tunneling spectrum of vector particles is obtained. We recover the standard Hawking temperature corresponding to the emission of these particles from RBHWSH.
We derive the Hawking radiation for Vaidya black hole in the tunneling picture from the corresponding single particle action by the use of the radial null geodesic and the Hamilton-Jacobi method (beyond semi-classical approximation). Both results are then analyzed and compared.
We investigate the Dirac particles tunnelling as a radiation of Warped AdS$_{3}$ black hole family in Topological Massive Gravity. Using the Hamilton-Jacobi method, we discuss tunnelling probability and Hawking temperature of the spin-1/2 particles for the black hole and its extremal cases. We observe that the Hawking temperature of the non-extremal black hole higher than the extremal black hole when $ω<\frac{2\ r_{0}}{3}$, because the non-extremal black hole become unstable in this case.
We argue that the analysis of transients, of decoherence effects, or of any breaking of the exact boost invariance of the Ernst metric shows that uniformly accelerated black holes do emit an energy flux given by the Doppler-shifted Hawking radiation, in perfect {\it agreement} to what happens for accelerated particles.
We extend the classical Damour-Ruffini method and discuss Hawking radiation in Kerr-Newman-de Sitter(KNdS) black hole. Under the condition that the total energy, angular momentum and charge of spacetime are conserved, taking the reaction of the radiation of the particle to the spacetime and the relation between the black hole event horizon and the cosmological horizon into consideration, we derive the black hole radiation spectrum. The radiation spectrum is no longer a pure thermal one. It is related to the change of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy corresponding the black hole event horizon and…
We study about an approximation method of the Hawking radiation. We analyze an massless scalar field in exotic black hole backgrounds models which have peculiar properties in black hole thermodynamics (monopole black hole in SO(3) Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs system and dilatoic black hole in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton system). A scalar field is assumed not to be couple to matter fields consisting of a black hole background. Except for extreme black holes, we can well approximate the Hawking radiaition by `black body' one with Hawking temperature estimated at a radius of a critical impact parameter…
A disturbing aspect of Hawking's derivation of black hole radiance is the need to invoke extreme conditions for the quantum field that originates the emitted quanta. It is widely argued that the derivation requires the validity of the conventional relativistic field theory to arbitrarily high, trans-Planckian scales. We stress in this note that this is not necessarily the case if the question is presented in a covariant way. We point out that Hawking radiation is immediately robust against an invariant Planck-scale cutoff. This important feature of Hawking radiation is relevant for a quantum g…
In this letter, we derive the Hawking temperature in the tunneling method by considering the system is open to the environment. This consideration yields the temperature which is higher than the standard one. The correction of temperatures depends on spectral density of bath oscillators which is responsible for dissipation effect in our analysis.
In this paper we propose a class of embedded solutions of Einstein's field equations describing non-rotating Reissner-Nordstrom-Vaidya and rotating Kerr-Newman-Vaidya black holes.
Hawking radiation from Unruh's and Canonical acoustic black hole is considered from viewpoint of anomaly cancellation method developed by Robinson and Wilczek. Thus, the physics near the horizon can be described using an infinite collection of massless two-dimensional scalar fields in the background of a dilaton and the gravitational anomaly is canceled by the flux of a 1 + 1 dimensional blackbody at the Hawking temperature of the space-time. Consequently, by this method, we can get the Hawking's temperature for Canonical and Unruh's acoustic black hole.
The Hawking radiation of Dirac particles in a charged Vaidya - de Sitter black hole is investigated by using the method of generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. It is shown that the Hawking radiation of Dirac particles does not exist for $P_1, Q_2$ components, but for $P_2, Q_1$ components it does. Both the location and the temperature of the event horizon change with time. The thermal radiation spectrum of Dirac particles is the same as that of Klein-Gordon particles.
We study Hawking radiation on a Vaidya space-time with a gravitational collapse followed by evaporation. The collapsing body is a null thin-shell and the evaporation is induced by a negative energy collapsing null-shell. This mimics the back-reaction to the Hawking radiation. Using Hawking's original method of Bogoliubov transformations we characterize the radiated spectrum as dominated by a thermal emission with an increasing effective temperature. We compute this time dependent temperature and find numerical agreement with results obtained by other techniques. The known divergences at the ev…
Bi-metricity and Hawking radiation are exhibit in non-relativistic moving magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) plasma medium generating two Riemannian effective spacetimes. The first metric is a flat metric although the speed of "light" is given by a time dependent signal where no Hawking radiation or effective black holes are displayed. This metric comes from a wave equation which the scalar function comes from the scalar potential of the background velocity of the fluid and depends on the perturbation of the magnetic background field. The second metric is an effective spacetime metric which comes from…
We present a solution of Einstein equations with quintessential matter surrounding a $d$-dimensional black hole, whose asymptotic structures are determined by the state of the quintessential matter. We examine the thermodynamics of this black hole and find that the mass of the black hole depends on the equation of state of the quintessence, while the first law is universal. Investigating the Hawking radiation in this black hole background, we observe that the Hawking radiation dominates on the brane in the low-energy regime. For different asymptotic structures caused by the equation of state o…
Locality plays a key role in the derivation of Hawking radiation. Could relaxing the locality criterion modify Hawking radiation? We consider Hawking radiation in a general class of non local quantum field theories. We prove that Hawking radiation is unmodified for these theories. Our result establishes the universality of Hawking radiation in a larger class of theories.
We measure the correlation spectrum of the Hawking radiation emitted by an analogue black hole and find it to be thermal at the Hawking temperature implied by the analogue surface gravity. The Hawking radiation is in the regime of linear dispersion, in analogy with a real black hole. Furthermore, the radiation inside of the black hole is seen to be composed of negative-energy partners only. This work confirms the prediction of Hawking's theory regarding the value of the Hawking temperature, as well as the thermality of the spectrum. The thermality of Hawking radiation is the root of the inform…
Generalising the method of Wilczek and collaborators we provide a derivation of Hawking radiation from charged black holes using only covariant gauge and gravitational anomalies. The reliability and universality of the anomaly cancellation approach to Hawking radiation is also discussed.
