With the exponential advancement of business technology in recent years, data-driven decision making has become the core of most industries. With the rise of new privacy regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation in the European Union and the California Consumer Privacy Act in the United States, companies dealing with personal data had to conform to these changes and adapt their processes accordingly. This obviously included the transportation industry with their use of location data. At the other side of the spectrum, users still expect a form of personalization, without having to compromise on their privacy. For this reason, companies across the industries started applying privacy-enhancing or preserving technologies at scale in their products as a competitive advantage. In this paper, we describe how Federated Machine Learning can be applied to the transportation sector. We present use-cases for which Federated Learning is beneficial in transportation and the new product lifecycle that is required for using such a technology. We see Federated Learning as a method that enables us to process privacy-sensitive data, while respecting customer's privacy and one that guides us beyond privacy-regulations and into the world of ethical data-usage.
Informed AI Regulation: Comparing the Ethical Frameworks of Leading LLM Chatbots Using an Ethics-Based Audit to Assess Moral Reasoning and Normative Values
The lack of established rules and regulations in cyberspace is attributed to the absence of agreed-upon ethical principles, making it difficult to establish accountability, regulations, and laws. Addressing this challenge requires examining cyberspace from fundamental philosophical principles. This work focuses on the ethics of using defensive deception in cyberspace, proposing a doctrine of cyber effect that incorporates five ethical principles: goodwill, deontology, no-harm, transparency, and fairness. To guide the design of defensive cyber deception, we develop a reasoning framework, the ga…
The ethical consequences of, constraints upon and regulation of algorithms arguably represent the defining challenges of our age, asking us to reckon with the rise of computational technologies whose potential to radically transforming social and individual orders and identity in unforeseen ways is already being realised. Yet despite the multidisciplinary impact of this algorithmic turn, there remains some way to go in motivating the crossdisciplinary collaboration that is crucial to advancing feasible proposals for the ethical design, implementation and regulation of algorithmic and automated…
University of North Carolina at Charlotte（北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校）
Recently, Smart Video Surveillance (SVS) systems have been receiving more attention among scholars and developers as a substitute for the current passive surveillance systems. These systems are used to make the policing and monitoring systems more efficient and improve public safety. However, the nature of these systems in monitoring the public's daily activities brings different ethical challenges. There are different approaches for addressing privacy issues in implementing the SVS. In this paper, we are focusing on the role of design considering ethical and privacy challenges in SVS. Reviewi…
Unlocking the Power of Health Datasets and Registries: The Need for Urgent Institutional and National Ownership and Governance Regulations for Research Advancement
The data revolution continues to transform every sector of science, industry and government. Due to the incredible impact of data-driven technology on society, we are becoming increasingly aware of the imperative to use data and algorithms responsibly -- in accordance with laws and ethical norms. In this article we discuss three recent regulatory frameworks: the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the New York City Automated Decisions Systems (ADS) Law, and the Net Neutrality principle, that aim to protect the rights of individuals who are impacted by data collection an…
We present a survey of tools used in the criminal justice system in the UK in three categories: data infrastructure, data analysis, and risk prediction. Many tools are currently in deployment, offering potential benefits, including improved efficiency and consistency. However, there are also important concerns. Transparent information about these tools, their purpose, how they are used, and by whom is difficult to obtain. Even when information is available, it is often insufficient to enable a satisfactory evaluation. More work is needed to establish governance mechanisms to ensure that tools …
Multisite medical data sharing is critical in modern clinical practice and medical research. The challenge is to conduct data sharing that preserves individual privacy and data usability. The shortcomings of traditional privacy-enhancing technologies mean that institutions rely on bespoke data sharing contracts. These contracts increase the inefficiency of data sharing and may disincentivize important clinical treatment and medical research. This paper provides a synthesis between two novel advanced privacy enhancing technologies (PETs): Homomorphic Encryption and Secure Multiparty Computation…
Mälardalen University（梅拉达伦大学）；University of Gothenburg（哥德堡大学）
Development of the intelligent autonomous robot technology presupposes its anticipated beneficial effect on the individuals and societies. In the case of such disruptive emergent technology, not only questions of how to build, but also why to build and with what consequences are important. The field of ethics of intelligent autonomous robotic cars is a good example of research with actionable practical value, where a variety of stakeholders, including the legal system and other societal and governmental actors, as well as companies and businesses, collaborate bringing about shared view of ethi…
Building an Ethical and Trustworthy Biomedical AI Ecosystem for the Translational and Clinical Integration of Foundational Models
University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）；European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI)（欧洲分子生物学实验室-欧洲生物信息研究所（EMBL-EBI））
Personalization should take the human person seriously. This requires a deeper understanding of how recommender systems can shape both our self-understanding and identity. We unpack key European humanistic and philosophical ideas underlying the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and propose a new paradigm of humanistic personalization. Humanistic personalization responds to the IEEE's call for Ethically Aligned Design (EAD) and is based on fundamental human capacities and values. Humanistic personalization focuses on narrative accuracy: the subjective fit between a person's self-narrati…
The cost of DNA sequencing has resulted in a surge of genetic data being utilised to improve scientific research, clinical procedures, and healthcare delivery in recent years. Since the human genome can uniquely identify an individual, this characteristic also raises security and privacy concerns. In order to balance the risks and benefits, governance mechanisms including regulatory and ethical controls have been established, which are prone to human errors and create hindrance for collaboration. Over the past decade, technological methods are also catching up that can support critical discove…
Artificial intelligence is gaining momentum, ongoing pandemic is fuel to that with more opportunities in every sector specially in health and education sector. But with the growth in technology, challenges associated with ethics also grow (Katharine Schwab, 2021). Whenever a new AI product is developed, companies publicize that their systems are transparent, fair, and are in accordance with the existing laws and regulations as the methods and procedures followed by a big tech company for ensuring AI ethics, not only affect the trust and perception of public, but it also challenges the capabili…
Teesside University（提赛德大学）；Université Libre de Bruxelles（布鲁塞尔自由大学）；Vrije Universiteit Brussel（布鲁塞尔自由大学）；Universidade de Lisboa（里斯本大学）；Universidade Nova de Lisboa（新里斯本大学）
With the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related technologies in our daily lives, fear and anxiety about their misuse as well as the hidden biases in their creation have led to a demand for regulation to address such issues. Yet blindly regulating an innovation process that is not well understood, may stifle this process and reduce benefits that society may gain from the generated technology, even under the best intentions. In this paper, starting from a baseline model that captures the fundamental dynamics of a race for domain supremacy using AI technology, we demonstrate how…
CV/ITS (Connected Vehicle, Intelligent Transportation System) and AV/ADS (Autonomous Vehicle, Automated Driving System) have been emerging for the sake of saving people lives, improving traffic efficiency and helping the environment for decades. There are separate efforts led respectively by USDOT with state DOTs for CV, and private sectors through market driven approach from start-ups and technology companies for AV. By CV/ITS effort there are 97 deployments of V2X communications utilizing the 5.9 GHz band, 18,877 vehicles with aftermarket V2X communications devices, and 8,098 infrastructure …
Technical University of Denmark（丹麦技术大学）；Universität zu Lübeck（吕贝克大学）；Kiel University（基尔大学）；Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS（弗劳恩霍夫数字医学MEVIS研究所）；UniTransferKlinik Lübeck GmbH（吕贝克联合转移诊所有限公司）；Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering (IMTE)（弗劳恩霍夫个体化与细胞医学工程研究机构（IMTE））
Machine learning is expected to fuel significant improvements in medical care. To ensure that fundamental principles such as beneficence, respect for human autonomy, prevention of harm, justice, privacy, and transparency are respected, medical machine learning systems must be developed responsibly. Many high-level declarations of ethical principles have been put forth for this purpose, but there is a severe lack of technical guidelines explicating the practical consequences for medical machine learning. Similarly, there is currently considerable uncertainty regarding the exact regulatory requi…
