双重治理：生成式人工智能的集中监管与众包安全机制的交汇
Dual Governance: The intersection of centralized regulation and crowdsourced safety mechanisms for Generative AI
AI总结：
本文提出“双重治理”框架，融合美国政府集中监管与社区众包安全机制，以在促进创新的同时保障生成式AI的安全与伦理部署。
摘要：
生成式人工智能（AI）近来已被主流采用，尤其是以面向消费者、开放式、生成文本和图像的模型形式出现。然而，此类系统的使用引发了重大的伦理与安全关切，包括隐私侵犯、错误信息和知识产权盗窃。生成式AI取代人类创造力和生计的潜力也受到密切关注。为降低这些风险，迫切需要制定政策和法规，以促进生成式AI领域负责任且合乎伦理的发展。现有及拟议的由政府实施的集中监管在约束AI方面面临批评，例如缺乏足够的清晰度或统一性、跨辖区缺乏互操作性、限制创新以及阻碍自由市场竞争。通过众包安全工具和机制实现的去中心化保护是一种潜在替代方案。然而，它们在监督充分性不足以及伦理与安全标准执行困难方面存在明显缺陷，因此其本身不足以作为监管机制。我们提出通过一个名为“双重治理”（Dual Governance）的框架将这两种策略结合起来。该框架提出在美国特定背景下，集中式政府法规与社区开发的安全机制之间形成协同合作，以保护利益相关者免受生成式AI的危害。通过实施双重治理框架，我们认为可以在促进创新和创造力的同时，确保生成式AI的安全和合乎伦理的部署。
英文摘要：
Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen mainstream adoption lately, especially in the form of consumer-facing, open-ended, text and image generating models. However, the use of such systems raises significant ethical and safety concerns, including privacy violations, misinformation and intellectual property theft. The potential for generative AI to displace human creativity and livelihoods has also been under intense scrutiny. To mitigate these risks, there is an urgent need of policies and regulations responsible and ethical development in the field of generative AI. Existing and proposed centralized regulations by governments to rein in AI face criticisms such as not having sufficient clarity or uniformity, lack of interoperability across lines of jurisdictions, restricting innovation, and hindering free market competition. Decentralized protections via crowdsourced safety tools and mechanisms are a potential alternative. However, they have clear deficiencies in terms of lack of adequacy of oversight and difficulty of enforcement of ethical and safety standards, and are thus not enough by themselves as a regulation mechanism. We propose a marriage of these two strategies via a framework we call Dual Governance. This framework proposes a cooperative synergy between centralized government regulations in a U.S. specific context and safety mechanisms developed by the community to protect stakeholders from the harms of generative AI. By implementing the Dual Governance framework, we posit that innovation and creativity can be promoted while ensuring safe and ethical deployment of generative AI.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
