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arXiv 2003.12438astro-ph.HE
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宽线区域云撞击AGN吸积盘的辐射

Radiation from the impact of broad-line region clouds onto AGN accretion disks

Ana Laura Müller, Gustavo E. Romero

摘要:

活动星系核是超大质量黑洞,被吸积盘,两个云群,双极喷流和尘埃环所包围。云在开普勒轨道上高速运动。特别是,宽线区(BLR)云的速度范围从$1000$到$10000$ km s $^{-1}$。考虑到这些云与超大质量黑洞的极端接近,与吸积盘的频繁碰撞应该会发生。BLR云对吸积盘的冲击可以产生强烈的冲击波,粒子可能会被加速。这项工作的目标是研究相对论粒子的产生,以及这些事件中相关的非热辐射。特别是,我们将我们开发的模型应用于塞弗特星系NGC 1068。分析了BLR云团与吸积盘碰撞激波中扩散激波加速的效率。我们计算的相对论粒子产生的光子的光谱能量分布和估计的同时影响的数量需要解释的伽马辐射观测到的费米卫星在塞弗特星系。我们发现,是有可能理解测量的伽马发射云与磁盘的相互作用,如果源的硬X射线发射至少是模糊的$20\%$和$40\%$之间。在BLR区域中包含的云的总数可能在$3\times10^{8}$和$6\times10^{8}$之间,这是与观测证据非常一致的值。在这种情况下,质子($\sim$ PeV)获得的最大能量允许在IceCube的观测范围内产生中微子。

英文摘要:

Active galactic nuclei are supermassive black holes surrounded by an accretion disk, two populations of clouds, bipolar jets, and a dusty torus. The clouds move in Keplerian orbits at high velocities. In particular, the broad-line region (BLR) clouds have velocities ranging from $1000$ to $10000$ km s$^{-1}$. Given the extreme proximity of these clouds to the supermassive black hole, frequent collisions with the accretion disk should occur. The impact of BLR clouds onto the accretion disk can produce strong shock waves where particles might be accelerated. The goal of this work is to investigate the production of relativistic particles, and the associated non-thermal radiation in these events. In particular, we apply the model we develop to the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068. We analyze the efficiency of diffusive shock acceleration in the shock of colliding clouds of the BLR with the accretion disk. We calculate the spectral energy distribution of photons generated by the relativistic particles and estimate the number of simultaneous impacts needed to explain the gamma radiation observed by the Fermi satellite in Seyfert galaxies. We find that is possible to understand the measured gamma emission in terms of the interaction of clouds with the disk if the hard X-ray emission of the source is at least obscured between $20\%$ and $40\%$. The total number of clouds contained in the BLR region might be between $3\times10^{8}$ and $6\times10^{8}$, which are values in good agreement with the observational evidence. The maximum energy achieved by the protons ($\sim$ PeV) in this context allows the production of neutrinos in the observing range of IceCube.

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