Ethics is an ancient matter for human kind, from the origin of civilizations ethics have been related with the most relevant human concerns and determined cultures. Ethics was initially related to religion, politics and philosophy to then be fragmented into specific communities of practice. The undergoing digital revolution enabled by Artificial Intelligence and Data are bringing ethical wicked problems in the social application of these technologies. However, a broader perspective is also necessary. We now face global and highly dynamics challenges that affect groups and individuals, specially those that are most vulnerable. Individual-oriented ethics are no longer sufficient, the new ethic has to consider the several scales in which the current complex society is organized and the interconnections between different systems. Ethics should also give a response to the systemic changes in behavior produced by external factors and threats. Furthermore, AI and digital technologies are global and make us more connected and smart but also more homogeneous, predictable and ultimately controllable. Ethic must take a stand to preserve and keep promoting individuals rights and uniqueness and cultural heterogeneity. Digital technologies have to the foundation for new models of society and help ensure ethical individual and collective values. For these reasons science has to be at the core of the new ethic as it helps understand the complex world. Finally, AI has advanced through the ambition to humanize matter, so we should expect ethics to give a response to the future status of machines and their interactions with humans.
The dawn of the digital medicine era, ushered in by increasingly powerful embedded systems and Internet of Things (IoT) computing devices, is creating new therapies and biomedical solutions that promise to positively transform our quality of life. However, the digital medicine revolution also creates unforeseen and complex ethical, regulatory, and societal issues. In this article, we reflect on the ethical challenges facing digital medicine. We discuss the perils of ethical oversights in medical devices, and the role of professional codes and regulatory oversight towards the ethical design, de…
Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts（马其顿科学与艺术学院）；Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje（斯科普里圣西里尔与圣美多迪乌斯大学）
This paper addresses ontology and ethics of an AI agent called digital me. We define digital me as autonomous, decision-making, and learning agent, representing an individual and having practically immortal own life. It is assumed that digital me is equipped with the big-five personality model, ensuring that it provides a model of some aspects of a strong AI: consciousness, free will, and intentionality. As computer-based personality judgments are more accurate than those made by humans, digital me can judge the personality of the individual represented by the digital me, other individuals' pe…
Data Ethics in the Era of Healthcare Artificial Intelligence in Africa: An Ubuntu Philosophy Perspective
Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University（斯坦福大学生物医学伦理中心）；Department of Bioethics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University（东卡罗来纳大学布罗迪医学院生物伦理与跨学科研究系）；Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University（斯坦福大学生物医学数据科学系）；Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University（斯坦福大学生物工程系）；Department of Genetics, Stanford University（斯坦福大学遗传学系）；Department of Medicine, Stanford University（斯坦福大学医学系）
本文针对西方医疗 AI 数据伦理框架忽视非洲文化与殖民历史的问题，从 Ubuntu 哲学出发比较个人主义与社群主义路径，提出面向非洲的医疗数据伦理框架。
This special issue interrogates the meaning and impacts of "tech ethics": the embedding of ethics into digital technology research, development, use, and governance. In response to concerns about the social harms associated with digital technologies, many individuals and institutions have articulated the need for a greater emphasis on ethics in digital technology. Yet as more groups embrace the concept of ethics, critical discourses have emerged questioning whose ethics are being centered, whether "ethics" is the appropriate frame for improving technology, and what it means to develop "ethical…
Nowadays technology is being adopted on every aspect of our lives and it is one of most important transformation driver in industry. Moreover, many of the systems and digital services that we use daily rely on artificial intelligent technology capable of modeling social or individual behaviors that in turns also modify personal decisions and actions. In this paper, we briefly discuss, from a technological perspective, a number of critical issues including the purpose of promoting trust and ensure social benefit by the proper use of Artificial Intelligent Systems. To achieve this goal we propos…
Imperial College London（帝国理工学院）；University of Bayreuth（拜罗伊特大学）
An appropriate ethical framework around the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare has become a key desirable with the increasingly widespread deployment of this technology. Advances in AI hold the promise of improving the precision of outcome prediction at the level of the individual. However, the addition of these technologies to patient-clinician interactions, as with any complex human interaction, has potential pitfalls. While physicians have always had to carefully consider the ethical background and implications of their actions, detailed deliberations around fast-moving techn…
The onset of COVID-19 has led to the introduction of far-reaching digital interventions in the interest of public health. Among these, digital contact tracing has been proposed as a viable means of targeted control in countries across the globe, including on the African continent. This, in turn, creates significant ethical challenges for vulnerable communities, including LGBTQIA+ persons. In this research paper, we explore some of the ethical implications of digital contact tracing for the LGBTQIA+ community. We refer specifically to the digital infringement of freedoms, and ground our discuss…
The moral authority of ethics codes stems from an assumption that they serve a unified society, yet this ignores the political aspects of any shared resource. The sociologist Howard S. Becker challenged researchers to clarify their power and responsibility in the classic essay: Whose Side Are We On. Building on Becker's hierarchy of credibility, we report on a critical discourse analysis of data ethics codes and emerging conceptualizations of beneficence, or the "social good", of data technology. The analysis revealed that ethics codes from corporations and professional associations conflated …
This article introduces the special issue "Technology Ethics in Action: Critical and Interdisciplinary Perspectives". In response to recent controversies about the harms of digital technology, discourses and practices of "tech ethics" have proliferated across the tech industry, academia, civil society, and government. Yet despite the seeming promise of ethics, tech ethics in practice suffers from several significant limitations: tech ethics is vague and toothless, has a myopic focus on individual engineers and technology design, and is subsumed into corporate logics and incentives. These limit…
ff4ERA: A new Fuzzy Framework for Ethical Risk Assessment in AI
Department of Computer Science（计算机科学系）；Centro Interdipartimentale di Logica e Applicazioni (CILA)（逻辑与应用跨部门中心（CILA））；Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences（生命、健康与环境科学系）
ChatGPT Needs SPADE (Sustainability, PrivAcy, Digital divide, and Ethics) Evaluation: A Review
Faculty of Computing, Digital and Data, Technological University Dublin（都柏林理工大学计算、数字与数据学院）；Institute of Business Administration, University of Sindh（信德大学工商管理学院）；Munster Technological University（芒斯特理工大学）；City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）；Sejong University（世宗大学）
Work must be reshaped in the upcoming new era characterized by new challenges and the presence of new technologies and computational tools. Over-automation seems to be the driver of the digitalization process. Substitution is the paradigm leading Artificial Intelligence and robotics development against human cognition. Digital technology should be designed to enhance human skills and make more productive use of human cognition and capacities. Digital technology is characterized also by scalability because of its easy and inexpensive deployment. Thus, automation can lead to the absence of jobs …
Urban Comfort Assessment in the Era of Digital Planning: A Multidimensional, Data-driven, and AI-assisted Framework
Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学建筑系）；School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学工程与应用科学学院）；Department of Real Estate, National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学房地产系）
Debate about the adoption of digital contact tracing (DCT) apps to control the spread of COVID-19 has focussed on risks to individual privacy (Sharma & Bashir 2020, Tang 2020). This emphasis reveals significant challenges to ethical deployment of DCT, but generates constraints which undermine justification to implement DCT. It would be a mistake to view this result solely as the successful operation of ethical foresight analysis (Floridi & Strait 2020), preventing deployment of potentially harmful technology. Privacy-centric analysis treats data as private property, frames the relationship bet…
In the wake of the on-going digital revolution, we will see a dramatic transformation of our economy and most of our societal institutions. While the benefits of this transformation can be massive, there are also tremendous risks to our society. After the automation of many production processes and the creation of self-driving vehicles, the automation of society is next. This is moving us to a tipping point and to a crossroads: we must decide between a society in which the actions are determined in a top-down way and then implemented by coercion or manipulative technologies (such as personaliz…
There is still a limited understanding of the necessary skill, talent, and expertise to manage digital technologies as a crucial enabler of the hospitals ability to adequately sense and respond to patient needs and wishes, i.e., patient agility. Therefore, this investigates how hospital departments can leverage a digital dy-namic capability to enable the departments patient agility. This study embraces the dynamic capabilities theory, develops a research model, and tests it accordingly using data from 90 clinical hospital departments from the Netherlands through an online survey. The model's h…
Out of the three major approaches to ethics, virtue ethics is uniquely well suited as a moral guide in the digital age, given the pace of sociotechnical change and the complexity of society. Virtue ethics focuses on the traits, situations and actions of moral agents, rather than on rules (as in deontology) or outcomes (consequentialism). Even as interest in ethics has grown within HCI, there has been little engagement with virtue ethics. To address this lacuna and demonstrate further opportunities for ethical design, this paper provides an overview of virtue ethics for application in HCI. It r…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technology which is increasingly being utilised in society and the economy worldwide, and its implementation is planned to become more prevalent in coming years. AI is increasingly being embedded in our lives, supplementing our pervasive use of digital technologies. But this is being accompanied by disquiet over problematic and dangerous implementations of AI, or indeed, even AI itself deciding to do dangerous and problematic actions, especially in fields such as the military, medicine and criminal justice. These developments have led to concerns about whether…
Progress in the field of artificial intelligence has been accelerating rapidly in the past two decades. Various autonomous systems from purely digital ones to autonomous vehicles are being developed and deployed out on the field. As these systems exert a growing impact on society, ethics in relation to artificial intelligence and autonomous systems have recently seen growing attention among the academia. However, the current literature on the topic has focused almost exclusively on theory and more specifically on conceptualization in the area. To widen the body of knowledge in the area, we con…
In this paper, we would like to propose our web-based application for Islamic history learning system, named Digitory-Digital History. There are two main navigations to browse historical stories on the web. One is location-based navigation using on-line map which gives users access to understand events during Islamic introduction to Indonesia based on the location. Alternatively, users can browse on time base using sliding navigation marked timely, so they can comprehend history in time sequence. Implementing semantic web, this web-app can suggest users related articles, either based on time s…
Towards the "Digital Me": A vision of authentic Conversational Agents powered by personal Human Digital Twins
Technical University of Denmark（丹麦技术大学）；School of Design（设计学院）；University of Strathclyde（斯特拉斯克莱德大学）；Department of Design, Manufacturing and Engineering Management（设计、制造与工程管理系）
The nature of computation and its role in our lives have been transformed in the past two decades by three remarkable developments: the emergence of public cloud utilities as a new computing platform; the ability to extract information from enormous quantities of data via machine learning; and the emergence of computational simulation as a research method on par with experimental science. Each development has major implications for how societies function and compete; together, they represent a change in technological foundations of society as profound as the telegraph or electrification. Socie…
Those working on policy, digital ethics and governance often refer to issues in `computer science', that includes, but is not limited to, common subfields of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Computer Science (CS) Computer Security (InfoSec), Computer Vision (CV), Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Information Systems, (IS), Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Systems Architecture. Within this framework, this paper is a preliminary exploration of two hypotheses, namely 1) Each community has differing inclusion of minoritised groups (using women as our test case); and 2) Eve…
The era of pervasive computing has resulted in countless devices that continuously monitor users and their environment, generating an abundance of user behavioural data. Such data may support improving the quality of service, but may also lead to adverse usages such as surveillance and advertisement. In parallel, Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are being applied to sensitive fields such as healthcare, justice, or human resources, raising multiple concerns on the trustworthiness of such systems. Trust in AI systems is thus intrinsically linked to ethics, including the ethics of algorithms,…
Digital societies come with a design paradox: On the one hand, technologies, such as Internet of Things, pervasive and ubiquitous systems, allow a distributed local intelligence in interconnected devices of our everyday life such as smart phones, smart thermostats, self-driving cars, etc. On the other hand, Big Data collection and storage is managed in a highly centralized fashion, resulting in privacy-intrusion, surveillance actions, discriminatory and segregation social phenomena. What is the difference between a distributed and a decentralized system design? How "decentralized" is the proce…
Case Western Reserve University（凯斯西储大学）；East Carolina University（东卡罗来纳大学）
The emergence of artificial intelligence has incited a paradigm shift across the spectrum of human endeavors, with ChatGPT serving as a catalyst for the transformation of various established domains, including but not limited to education, journalism, security, and ethics. In the post-pandemic era, the widespread adoption of remote work has prompted the educational sector to reassess conventional pedagogical methods. This paper is to scrutinize the underlying psychological principles of ChatGPT, delve into the factors that captivate user attention, and implicate its ramifications on the future…
