技术伦理之争：技术伦理实践的社会技术学分析
The Contestation of Tech Ethics: A Sociotechnical Approach to Technology Ethics in Practice
摘要：
本文介绍了特刊《行动中的技术伦理：批判性和跨学科的观点》。为了回应最近关于数字技术危害的争议，“技术伦理”的话语和实践在科技行业、学术界、民间社会和政府中激增。然而，尽管道德似乎有希望，但技术道德在实践中受到几个重大限制：技术道德模糊而无力，目光短浅地关注个别工程师和技术设计，并被纳入企业逻辑和激励机制。这些局限性表明，技术伦理使企业能够“道德洗涤”：拥抱道德语言来化解批评和抵制政府监管，而不承诺道德行为。鉴于这些动态，我将技术伦理描述为一个争论的领域，核心辩论不是伦理是否可取，而是“伦理”包含什么以及由谁来定义它。当前的技术伦理方法准备让技术人员和技术公司在不实质性改变其实践的情况下将自己贴上“伦理”的标签。因此，那些致力于数字技术结构性改进的人必须注意到伦理学作为一种规范性探究模式与伦理学作为一种实践努力之间的差距。为了更好地评估技术伦理的机会和局限性，我提出了一种社会技术方法，根据谁定义它以及它在实践中产生的影响来分析技术伦理。
英文摘要：
This article introduces the special issue "Technology Ethics in Action: Critical and Interdisciplinary Perspectives". In response to recent controversies about the harms of digital technology, discourses and practices of "tech ethics" have proliferated across the tech industry, academia, civil society, and government. Yet despite the seeming promise of ethics, tech ethics in practice suffers from several significant limitations: tech ethics is vague and toothless, has a myopic focus on individual engineers and technology design, and is subsumed into corporate logics and incentives. These limitations suggest that tech ethics enables corporate "ethics-washing": embracing the language of ethics to defuse criticism and resist government regulation, without committing to ethical behavior. Given these dynamics, I describe tech ethics as a terrain of contestation where the central debate is not whether ethics is desirable, but what "ethics" entails and who gets to define it. Current approaches to tech ethics are poised to enable technologists and technology companies to label themselves as "ethical" without substantively altering their practices. Thus, those striving for structural improvements in digital technologies must be mindful of the gap between ethics as a mode of normative inquiry and ethics as a practical endeavor. In order to better evaluate the opportunities and limits of tech ethics, I propose a sociotechnical approach that analyzes tech ethics in light of who defines it and what impacts it generates in practice.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
