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arXiv 2003.05452astro-ph.IM
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从前景和仪器效应III中提取全局21厘米信号:利用漂移扫描时间依赖性和全斯托克斯测量

Global 21-cm signal extraction from foreground and instrumental effects III: Utilizing drift-scan time dependence and full Stokes measurements

Keith Tauscher, David Rapetti, Jack O. Burns

摘要:

当使用有效的前景和信号模型时,在全球21厘米信号实验中提取的信号的不确定性主要取决于信号和前景模型之间的重叠。在本文中,我们研究了两种减少这种重叠的策略:(i)利用时间依赖性,同时拟合多个漂移扫描光谱和(ii)测量所有四个斯托克斯参数,而不是只有总功率,斯托克斯I。虽然测量偏振需要与大多数现有实验中使用的仪器不同的仪器,但所有现有实验都可以仅通过不同地平均其数据来利用漂移扫描测量。为了评估使用这两种技术的约束力的增加,我们定义了一种方法连接均方根(RMS)的不确定性概率置信水平。采用模拟,我们发现,只拟合一个总功率谱导致RMS的不确定性在几个K水平,而拟合多个时间分箱,漂移扫描光谱产生的不确定性在$\lesssim 10$ mK水平。只有当光谱用一组基向量建模时,而不是使用独立地对每个光谱建模的多组基向量时,这种显著的改进才会出现。假设它们被准确地模拟,测量所有四个斯托克斯参数也会导致较低的不确定性。这两种策略可以同时采用,并且拟合所有四个斯托克斯参数的多个时间仓产生21 cm信号的最佳精度测量,接近数据中的噪声水平。

英文摘要:

When using valid foreground and signal models, the uncertainties on extracted signals in global 21-cm signal experiments depend principally on the overlap between signal and foreground models. In this paper, we investigate two strategies for decreasing this overlap: (i) utilizing time dependence by fitting multiple drift-scan spectra simultaneously and (ii) measuring all four Stokes parameters instead of only the total power, Stokes I. Although measuring polarization requires different instruments than are used in most existing experiments, all existing experiments can utilize drift-scan measurements merely by averaging their data differently. In order to evaluate the increase in constraining power from using these two techniques, we define a method for connecting Root-Mean-Square (RMS) uncertainties to probabilistic confidence levels. Employing simulations, we find that fitting only one total power spectrum leads to RMS uncertainties at the few K level, while fitting multiple time-binned, drift-scan spectra yields uncertainties at the $\lesssim 10$ mK level. This significant improvement only appears if the spectra are modeled with one set of basis vectors, instead of using multiple sets of basis vectors that independently model each spectrum. Assuming that they are simulated accurately, measuring all four Stokes parameters also leads to lower uncertainties. These two strategies can be employed simultaneously and fitting multiple time bins of all four Stokes parameters yields the best precision measurements of the 21-cm signal, approaching the noise level in the data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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