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arXiv 2102.08382astro-ph.COastro-ph.IM
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恢复被21厘米前景所丢失的楔形模式

Recovering the Wedge Modes Lost to 21-cm Foregrounds

Samuel Gagnon-Hartman, Yue Cui, Jacob Kennedy, Adrian Liu, Siamak Ravanbakhsh

AI总结:

本文提出一种机器学习方法,利用21厘米EoR信号的非高斯协方差关联,从楔形滤波图像中恢复电离区域的空间信息,并在HERA和SKA等仪器条件下验证其可行性。

摘要:

面向再电离纪元(EoR)21厘米信号成像研究的关键挑战之一是分离天体物理前景污染。已知这些前景位于$(k_{\perp},k_{\parallel})$傅里叶空间中的一个楔形区域。移除这些傅里叶模式虽然能切除前景,但对图像保真度造成严重损失,因为楔形滤波器同样会移除这些模式中的宇宙学信息。然而,21厘米EoR信号是非高斯的,这意味着丢失的楔形模式通过某种协方差矩阵与幸存模式相关联。我们开发了一种基于机器学习的方法,利用这一信息在经楔形滤波后的图像中识别电离区域。我们的方法能够可靠地识别最大的电离区域,并重建它们在图像中的形状、大小和位置。我们进一步证明,在考虑仪器效应的情况下,以氢再电离纪元阵列(Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array)和平方公里阵列(Square Kilometre Array)作为基准仪器,我们的方法仍然可行。从楔形滤波图像中恢复空间信息的能力,为使用当前和下一代仪器开展成像研究释放了潜力,而无需依赖天体物理前景本身的详细模型。

英文摘要:

One of the critical challenges facing imaging studies of the 21-cm signal at the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is the separation of astrophysical foreground contamination. These foregrounds are known to lie in a wedge-shaped region of $(k_{\perp},k_{\parallel})$ Fourier space. Removing these Fourier modes excises the foregrounds at grave expense to image fidelity, since the cosmological information at these modes is also removed by the wedge filter. However, the 21-cm EoR signal is non-Gaussian, meaning that the lost wedge modes are correlated to the surviving modes by some covariance matrix. We have developed a machine learning-based method which exploits this information to identify ionized regions within a wedge-filtered image. Our method reliably identifies the largest ionized regions and can reconstruct their shape, size, and location within an image. We further demonstrate that our method remains viable when instrumental effects are accounted for, using the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array and the Square Kilometre Array as fiducial instruments. The ability to recover spatial information from wedge-filtered images unlocks the potential for imaging studies using current- and next-generation instruments without relying on detailed models of the astrophysical foregrounds themselves.

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