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arXiv 2003.01911astro-ph.HE
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Blazar 3C 454.3的多波段准周期振荡

Multiwaveband Quasi--periodic Oscillation in the Blazar 3C 454.3

Arkadipta Sarkar, Alok C. Gupta, Varsha R. Chitnis, Paul J. Wiita

摘要:

我们报告了在3C 454.3的$γ$射线光变曲线中检测到准周期振荡(QPO)($>4σ$),同时在光学光变曲线中检测到边缘QPO($>2.4σ$)。在这两个波段检测到周期通量调制的主导周期为$\sim 47$天。$γ$射线QPO持续了超过450天(从MJD 56800到57250),导致超过9个观测周期,这是在耀变体光变曲线中检测到的最高周期数之一。由于源的白天过境,光学光变曲线在几乎一半的$γ$射线QPO跨度上没有很好地采样,这可以解释光学QPO的较低意义。光变曲线的自回归积分移动平均(ARIMA)模型显示,在QPO期间,光变曲线具有显著的指数衰减趋势,以及$47$天周期。我们探讨了几个物理模型来解释这种瞬态准周期调制的起源和观测到的通量的整体趋势与一个月一样的周期。这些场景包括一个双黑洞系统,一个靠近超大质量黑洞最内侧稳定圆形轨道的热点,以及旋进喷流。我们的结论是,最有可能的情况下,涉及到一个区域的增强排放内的弯曲射流螺旋移动。螺旋运动产生QPO,射流的曲率($\sim 0.05^{\circ}$ pc $^{-1}$)是光变曲线中观察到的趋势的原因。

英文摘要:

We report the detection ($>4σ$) of a Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO) in the $γ$-ray light curve of 3C 454.3 along with a simultaneous marginal QPO detection ($>2.4σ$) in the optical light curves. Periodic flux modulations were detected in both of these wavebands with a dominant period of $\sim 47$ days. The $γ$-ray QPO lasted for over 450 days (from MJD 56800 to 57250) resulting in over nine observed cycles which is among the highest number of periods ever detected in a blazar light curve. The optical light curve was not well sampled for almost half of the $γ$-ray QPO span due to the daytime transit of the source, which could explain the lower significance of the optical QPO. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modelling of the light curve revealed a significant, exponentially decaying, trend in the light curve during the QPO, along with the $47$ days periodicity. We explore several physical models to explain the origin of this transient quasi-periodic modulation and the overall trend in the observed flux with a month-like period. These scenarios include a binary black hole system, a hotspot orbiting close to the innermost stable circular orbit of the supermassive black hole, and precessing jets. We conclude that the most likely scenario involves a region of enhanced emission moving helically inside a curved jet. The helical motion gives rise to the QPO and the curvature ($\sim 0.05^{\circ}$ pc$^{-1}$) of the jet is responsible for the observed trend in the light curve.

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