The evolution of a relativistic heavy-ion collision is typically understood as a process that transmutes the initial geometry of the system into the final momentum distribution of observed hadrons, which can be described via a cumulant expansion of the initial distribution of energy density and is represented at leading order as the well-known eccentricity scaling of anisotropic flow. We summarize a proposed extension of this framework to include the contribution from initial momentum-space properties, as encoded in other components of the energy-momentum tensor. Numerical tests validate this proposal.
Chiral electric field in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Shannon information entropy provides an effective tool to study the evolution process in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The time evolution process of thermodynamic entropy $S_{\rm thermal}$, multiple entropy $S_{\rm mul}$, and configuration entropy $S_{\rm conf}$ at RHIC is studied using the AMPT model to generate central Au-Au collisions. By superimposing the three kinds of information entropy, we can get a more complete information entropy of the system to describe the physical information of the relativistic heavy ion collision. The results show that the four stages of the time evolutio…
A brief introduction to the statistical hadronization approach to particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is given. In the context of fluid dynamics modeling various aspects of hadron emission at the freeze-out are discussed. Practical applications of the presented concepts are presented within the THERMINATOR Monte-Carlo hadron generator.
The possibility of quantum entanglement leading to a seemingly thermal distribution of the initial partonic state that maps to the final hadronic state in the evolution of the deconfined phase generated in relativistic heavy ion collisions is discussed in the context of early thermalization and final state particle distributions obtained in experiments at RHIC and the LHC.
Heavy flavor probes are sensitive to the properties of the quark gluon plasma (QGP) produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. A huge amount of effort has been devoted to studying different aspects of the heavy-ion collisions using heavy flavor particles. In this work, we study the dynamics of heavy quark transport in the QGP medium using the rapidity dependence of heavy flavor observables. We calculate the nuclear modification of $\text{B}$ and $\text{D}$ meson spectra as well as spectra of leptons from heavy flavor decays in the rapidity range $[-4.0,4.0]$. We use an implementation of th…
We review the theoretical framework for the calculation of particle polarization in relativistic heavy ion collisions within the hydrodynamical model. The covariant decomposition of the mean spin vector is presented and open theoretical issues addressed.
Recent data on the production of $D$ mesons and $Λ_c^+$ baryons in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider exhibit a number of striking characteristics such as enhanced yield ratios $D_s^+/D^0$, $Λ_c^+/D^0$ and their transverse momentum dependences. In this paper, we derive the momentum dependence of open charm mesons and singly charmed baryons produced in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions via the equal-velocity quark combination. We present analytic expressions and numerical results of yield ratios and compare them with the experimental …
We show in detailed numerical solutions of the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) which has been associated with nonextensive q-statistics that the available data on rapidity distributions for stopping in relativistic heavy-ion collisions cannot be reproduced with any permitted value of the nonextensivity parameter (1 < q < 1.5). This casts doubt on the nonextensivity concept that is widely used in relativistic heavy-ion physics.
