The 10.5 year rotation period of the strongly magnetic rapidly oscillating Ap star HD 166473
Gautier Mathys, Viktor Khalack, John D. Landstreet
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12 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. In the journal, at the request of the editor, the abstract will appear in traditional form, as shown in this header. This arXiv preprint features a structured version of the abstract, so that the LaTeX source could be successfully processed by arXiv
How magnetic fields contribute to the differentiation of the rotation rates of the Ap stars and affect the occurrence of non-radial pulsation in some of them are important open questions. Valuable insight can be gained into these questions by studying some of the most extreme examples of the processes at play. The super-slowly rotating rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) star HD 166473 is such an example. We performed the first accurate determination of its rotation period, (3836 +/- 30)d, from the analysis of 56 measurements of the mean magnetic field modulus <B> based on high-resolution spectra acquired between 1992 and 2019 at various observatories and with various instrumental configurations. We complemented this analysis with the consideration of an inhomogeneous set of 21 determinations of the mean longitudinal magnetic field <B_z> spanning the same time interval. This makes HD 166473 one of only four Ap stars with a period longer than 10 years for which magnetic field measurements have been obtained over more than a full cycle. The variation curves of <B> and of <B_z> are well approximated by cosine waves. The magnetic field of HD 166473 only seems to deviate slightly from axisymmetry, but it definitely involves a considerable non-dipolar component. Among the stars with rotation periods longer than 1000 d for which magnetic field measurements with full phase coverage are available, HD 166473 has the strongest field. Its magnetic field is also one of the strongest known among roAp stars. Overall, the magnetic properties of HD 166473 do not seem fundamentally distinct from those of the faster-rotating Ap stars. However, considering as a group the eight Ap stars that have accuractely determined periods longer than 1000 d and whose magnetic variations have been characterised over a full cycle suggests that the angles between their magnetic and rotation axes tend to be systematically large.
From sector 1--44 {\em TESS} observations, 19 new roAp stars, 103 ostensibly non-peculiar stars with roAp-like frequencies and 617 $δ$~Scuti stars with independent frequencies typical of roAp stars were found. Examination of all chemically peculiar stars observed by {\em TESS} resulted in the discovery of 199 Ap stars which pulsate as $δ$~Sct or $γ$~Dor variables. The fraction of pulsating Ap stars is the same as the fraction of pulsating chemically normal stars. There is no distinct separation in frequency or radial order between chemically peculiar $δ$~Sct stars and roAp stars. In fact, all …
We present the first short time scale observations of the roAp star gamma Equ in linear polarized light obtained with the PEPSI polarimeter installed at the LBT. These observations are used to search for pulsation variability in Stokes Q and U line profiles belonging to different elements. The atmospheres of roAp stars are significantly stratified with spectral lines of different elements probing different atmospheric depths. roAp stars with strong magnetic fields, such as gamma Equ with a magnetic field modulus of 4kG and a pulsation period of 12.21min, are of special interest because the eff…
We report about HD 213258, an Ap star that we recently identified as presenting a unique combination of rare, remarkable properties. Our study of this star is based on ESPaDOnS Stokes I and V data obtained at 7 epochs spanning a time interval slightly shorter than 2 years, on TESS data, and on radial velocity measurements from the CORAVEL data base. We confirm that HD 213258 is definitely an Ap star. We found that, in its spectrum, the Fe II λ6149.2 Å line is resolved into its two magnetically split components. The mean magnetic field modulus of HD 213258, <B> ~ 3.8 kG does not show significan…
Rapidly oscillating Ap stars observed with TESS. The LAMOST Ap sample and 49 Cam
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto(波尔图大学空间与天体物理研究所);Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto(波尔图大学理学院物理与天文学系);South African Astronomical Observatory(南非天文台);School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York(约克大学物理、工程与技术学院);DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark(丹麦技术大学空间中心);Centre for Space Research, North-West University(西北大学太空研究中心);Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Lancashire(兰开夏大学杰里米亚·霍罗克斯研究所);Department of Astronomy, Cornell University(康奈尔大学天文学系);Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM(巴黎萨克雷大学、巴黎西岱大学、法国原子能与替代能源委员会、法国国家科学研究中心、天体物理学与信息分子研究所)
Rapidly varying A-type stars in the SuperWASP archive
对凌日系外行星的搜索已经产生了数百万颗恒星的大量时间分辨光度数据。其中一个主要的地面调查是SuperWASP项目。我们目前的调查超过150万的A型星在寻找高频脉动使用SuperWASP测光的初步结果。在宽波段测光中,我们能够探测到低至0.5毫磁级的脉动。这使得发现了几个快速振荡的Ap星和超过200个频率超过50 d $^{-1}$的盾牌座δ星,以及至少一个脉动sdB星。如此大量的结果使我们能够统计研究roAp和delta Scuti星之间的频率重叠,并利用现有数据探索更高的频率区域。
Rotation periods and photometric variability of rapidly rotating ultra-cool dwarfs
我们使用位于利物浦,IAC 80和威廉·赫歇尔望远镜上的光学和近红外成像仪来监测18颗M7 $-$ L9.5矮星,目的是测量它们的旋转周期。我们通过差示光度法实现了通常在$\pm$ 1.5 $-$ 28毫微克范围内的准确度,这使我们能够在50%的样品中检测到2 $σ$水平的光度变化。我们还检测到周期调制周期在间隔1.5 $-$ 4.4小时在9个18个矮星,我们归因于旋转。我们的变化检测与文献中的数据相结合,我们发现,65 $\,\pm\,$ 18 $\%$的M7 $-$ L3.5矮星与$v\,$ sin $\,i\ge30$ km s $^{-1}$表现出光度变化与典型的振幅$\le$ 20毫微克的$I$带。对于具有$v\,$ sin $\,i$和自转周期的目标和场超冷矮星,我们导出了它们自转轴的预期倾角,发现具有$v\,$ sin $\,i\ge30$ km s $^{-1}$的目标和场超冷矮星更有可能具有$\gtrsim40$ deg.此外,我们使用这些旋转周期和其他文献研究尘埃超冷矮星的旋转和线性偏振之间的可能关系。我们发现,在光学和近红外波长的线性偏振的短旋转周期和大值之间的相关性。
A versatile numerical method for obtaining structures of rapidly rotating baroclinic stars: self-consistent and systematic solutions with shellular-type rotation
We present novel effects of uniform rapid stellar rotation on the minimum mass of stable hydrogen burning in very low mass stars, using an analytic model, and relaxing the assumption of spherical symmetry. We obtain an analytic formula for the minimum mass of hydrogen burning as a function of the angular speed of stellar rotation. Further, we show the existence of a maximum mass of stable hydrogen burning in such stars, which is purely an artefact of rapid rotation. The existence of this extremum in mass results in a minimum admissible value of the stellar rotation period $\sim 22$ min, below …
We examine the dynamics of low-frequency gravito-inertial waves (GIWs) in differentially rotating deformed radiation zones in stars and planets by generalising the traditional approximation of rotation (TAR). The TAR treatment was built on the assumptions that the star is spherical and uniformly rotating. However, it has been generalised in our previous work by including the effects of the centrifugal deformation using a non-perturbative approach in the uniformly rotating case. We aim to carry out a new generalisation of the TAR treatment to account for the differential rotation and the strong…
Supermassive stars (SMSs) collapsing via the general-relativistic (GR) instability are invoked as the possible progenitors of supermassive black holes. Their mass and angular momentum at the onset of the instability are key in many respects, in particular regarding the possibility for observational signatures of direct collapse. Here, we study the stability of rotating, rapidly accreting SMSs against GR and derive the properties of these stars at death. On the basis of hylotropic structures, relevant for rapidly accreting SMSs, we define rotation profiles under the assumption of local angular …
We derive the scaling of differential rotation in both slowly- and rapidly-rotating convection zones using order of magnitude methods. Our calculations apply across stars and fluid planets and all rotation rates, as well as to both magnetized and purely hydrodynamic systems. We find shear $|R\nablaΩ|$ of order the angular frequency $Ω$ for slowly-rotating systems with $Ω\ll |N|$, where $N$ is the \brvs\ frequency, and find that it declines as a power-law in $Ω$ for rapidly-rotating systems with $Ω\gg |N|$. We further calculate the meridional circulation rate and baroclinicity and examine the m…