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arXiv 2104.11754astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRgr-qc
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快速吸积超大质量恒星中的广义相对论不稳定性:旋转的影响

General-relativistic instability in rapidly accreting supermassive stars: the impact of rotation

Lionel Haemmerlé

摘要:

通过广义相对论(GR)不稳定性坍缩的超大质量恒星(SMS)被认为是超大质量黑洞的可能祖先。它们在不稳定开始时的质量和角动量在许多方面都是关键,特别是关于直接坍缩的观测特征的可能性。在这里,我们研究的稳定性旋转,快速吸积的SMSs对GR,并得出这些恒星在死亡的属性。的hylotropic结构的基础上,相关的快速吸积SMSs,我们定义的假设下,在辐射区域,允许差分旋转的局部角动量守恒的旋转配置文件。我们发现,旋转有利于稳定的快速吸积的SMSs的吸积角动量表示一个分数f > 0.1%的开普勒角动量。当f = 0.3%-0.5%时,与GR稳定性相一致的最大质量比非旋转情况增加了一个数量级。当f = 1%时,如果恒星质量不超过10^7-10^8 Msun,就不能达到GR不稳定性。这些结果意味着,像在非旋转的情况下一样,直接坍缩黑洞的祖先的最终质量在不同的区间内变化,这取决于所考虑的情况:对于原始原子冷却的晕,10^5 Msun < M < 10^6 Msun;对于富含金属的星系合并,10^6 Msun < M < 10^9 Msun。这些模型表明,离心屏障是无效的,以防止直接形成的超大质量黑洞在崩溃的SMS。此外,星系合并的条件似乎比原子冷却的晕更有利于在黑洞形成时可探测到的引力波发射和超长伽马射线暴。

英文摘要:

Supermassive stars (SMSs) collapsing via the general-relativistic (GR) instability are invoked as the possible progenitors of supermassive black holes. Their mass and angular momentum at the onset of the instability are key in many respects, in particular regarding the possibility for observational signatures of direct collapse. Here, we study the stability of rotating, rapidly accreting SMSs against GR and derive the properties of these stars at death. On the basis of hylotropic structures, relevant for rapidly accreting SMSs, we define rotation profiles under the assumption of local angular momentum conservation in radiative regions, which allows for differential rotation. We find that rotation favours the stability of rapidly accreting SMSs as soon as the accreted angular momentum represents a fraction f > 0.1% of the Keplerian angular momentum. For f = 0.3%-0.5% the maximum masses consistent with GR stability are increased by an order of magnitude compared to the non-rotating case. For f = 1%, the GR instability cannot be reached if the stellar mass does not exceed 10^7-10^8 Msun. These results imply that, like in the non-rotating case, the final masses of the progenitors of direct collapse black holes range in distinct intervals depending on the scenario considered: 10^5 Msun < M < 10^6 Msun for primordial atomically cooled haloes; 10^6 Msun < M < 10^9 Msun for metal-rich galaxy mergers. The models suggest that the centrifugal barrier is inefficient to prevent the direct formation of a supermassive black hole at the collapse of a SMS. Moreover, the conditions of galaxy mergers appear as more favorable than those of atomically cooled haloes for detectable gravitational wave emission and ultra-long gamma-ray bursts at black hole formation.

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