arXiv 2002.111702020-02quant-ph

纠缠和测量问题

Entanglement and the measurement problem

Art Hobson

备注：: 24 pages, 6 figures, 1 table

摘要：

冯·诺依曼预言在量子测量过程中会出现纠缠的“测量态”（MS），它似乎显示出诸如多重宏观结果等自相矛盾的性质。但是对利用纠缠光子对的干涉测量实验的分析表明，纠缠态与简单叠加态有着惊人的不同。基于标准量子理论，本文证明了：（i）MS不代表多个探测器读数，而是代表系统状态和探测器读数之间的非矛盾的多个统计相关性;（ii）实际上只发生一个结果;（iii）当一个结果发生时，其他可能的结果同时非局部地坍缩。第（iii）点解决了爱因斯坦在1927年首次提出的一个问题，他证明了量子理论需要瞬时态坍缩。这个难题的解决需要非局域相关性，从今天的角度来看，这意味着MS必须是一个纠缠态。因此，与先前假设的测量问题的不溶性证据相反，我们发现MS是塌陷状态，并且正是我们在测量时所期望的。

英文摘要：

The entangled "measurement state" (MS), predicted by von Neumann to arise during quantum measurement, seems to display paradoxical properties such as multiple macroscopic outcomes. But analysis of interferometry experiments using entangled photon pairs shows that entangled states differ surprisingly from simple superposition states. Based on standard quantum theory, this paper shows that (i) the MS does not represent multiple detector readings but instead represents nonparadoxical multiple statistical correlations between system states and detector readings, (ii) exactly one outcome actually occurs, and (iii) when one outcome occurs, the other possible outcomes simultaneously collapse nonlocally. Point (iii) resolves an issue first raised in 1927 by Einstein who demonstrated that quantum theory requires instantaneous state collapse. This conundrum's resolution requires nonlocal correlations, which from today's perspective implies the MS must be an entangled state. Thus, contrary to previous presumed proofs of the measurement problem's insolubility, we find the MS to be the collapsed state and just what we expect upon measurement.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

摘要：

英文摘要：

相关论文