Pablo Olivares
In recent years cryptocurrency trading has captured the attention of practitioners and academics. The volume of the exchange with standard currencies has known a dramatic increasing of late. This paper addresses to the need of models describing a bitcoin-US dollar exchange dynamic and their use to evaluate European option having bitcoin as underlying asset.
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Cryptocurrency, the most controversial and simultaneously the most interesting asset, has attracted many investors and speculators in recent years. The visibly significant market capitalization of cryptos also motivates modern financial instruments such as futures and options. Those will depend on the dynamics, volatility, or even the jumps of cryptos. We provide a comprehensive investigation of the risk dynamics of the Bitcoin Market from a realized volatility perspective. The Bitcoin market is extremely risky in the sense of volatility, entangled jumps, and extensive consecutive jumps, which…
We extend the scheme developed in B. Düring, A. Pitkin, "High-order compact finite difference scheme for option pricing in stochastic volatility jump models", 2019, to the so-called stochastic volatility with contemporaneous jumps (SVCJ) model, derived by Duffie, Pan and Singleton. The performance of the scheme is assessed through a number of numerical experiments, using comparisons against a standard second-order central difference scheme. We observe that the new high-order compact scheme achieves fourth order convergence and discuss the effects on efficiency and computation time.
In this article, a compact finite difference method is proposed for pricing European and American options under jump-diffusion models. Partial integro-differential equation and linear complementary problem governing European and American options respectively are discretized using Crank-Nicolson Leap-Frog scheme. In proposed compact finite difference method, the second derivative is approximated by the value of unknowns and their first derivative approximations which allow us to obtain a tri-diagonal system of linear equations for the fully discrete problem. Further, consistency and stability f…
Pricing and Calibration of Bitcoin Inverse Options via the Rough Bergomi Model
本文基于粗糙伯格米模型构建比特币反向期权的定价校准框架，对比三条计算管线后发现混合方案与混合估计管线最优，证实比特币波动率的粗糙特性及校准误差与平值隐含波动率的线性关系。
In this article, a three-time levels compact scheme is proposed to solve the partial integro-differential equation governing the option prices under jump-diffusion models. In the proposed compact scheme, the second derivative approximation of unknowns is approximated by the value of unknowns and their first derivative approximations which allow us to obtain a tri-diagonal system of linear equations for the fully discrete problem. Moreover, consistency and stability of the proposed compact scheme are proved. Due to the low regularity of typical initial conditions, the smoothing operator is empl…
We present the method of moments approach to pricing barrier-type options when the underlying is modelled by a general class of jump diffusions. By general principles the option prices are linked to certain infinite dimensional linear programming problems. Subsequently approximating those systems by finite dimensional linear programming problems, upper and lower bounds for the prices of such options are found. As numerical illustration we apply the method to the valuation of several barrier-type options (double barrier knockout option, American corridor and double no touch) under a number of d…
Beyond Black-Scholes: A Computational Framework for Option Pricing Using Heston, GARCH, and Jump Diffusion Models
本文提出基于Heston、GARCH和跳跃扩散模型的期权定价计算框架，以克服Black-Scholes模型的局限性，通过蒙特卡洛模拟和历史数据预测波动率，提升期权定价准确性。
We suggest a simple reduction of pricing European options in affine jump-diffusion models to pricing options with modified payoffs in diffusion models. The procedure is based on the conjugation of the infinitesimal generator of the model with an operator of the form $e^{iΦ(-i\dd_x)}$ (gauge transformation in the dual space). A general procedure for the calculation of the function $Φ$ is given, with examples. As applications, we consider pricing in jump-diffusion models and their subordinated versions using the eigenfunction expansion technique, and estimation of the extremely rare jumps compon…
In this paper, we develop a 4/2 stochastic volatility plus jumps model, namely, a new stochastic volatility model including the Heston model and 3/2 model as special cases. Our model is highly tractable by applying the Lie symmetries theory for PDEs, which means that the pricing procedure can be performed efficiently. In fact, we obtain a closed-form solution for the joint Fourier-Laplace transform so that equity and realized-variance derivatives can be priced. We also employ our model to consistently price equity and VIX derivatives. In this process, the quasi-closed-form solutions for future…
In this article we consider affine generalizations of the Merton jump diffusion model [Merton, J. Fin. Econ., 1976] and the respective pricing of European options. On the one hand, the Brownian motion part in the Merton model may be generalized to a log-Heston model, and on the other hand, the jump part may be generalized to an affine process with possibly state dependent jumps. While the characteristic function of the log-Heston component is known in closed form, the characteristic function of the second component may be unknown explicitly. For the latter component we propose an approximation…
We consider option pricing using a discrete-time Markov switching stochastic volatility with co-jump model, which can model volatility clustering and varying mean-reversion speeds of volatility. For pricing European options, we develop a computationally efficient method for obtaining the probability distribution of average integrated variance (AIV), which is key to option pricing under stochastic-volatility-type models. Building upon the efficiency of the European option pricing approach, we are able to price an American-style option, by converting its pricing into the pricing of a portfolio o…
When the underlying asset displays oscillations, spikes or heavy-tailed distributions, the lognormal diffusion process (for which Black and Scholes developed their momentous option pricing formula) is inadequate: in order to overcome these real world difficulties many models have been developed. Merton proposed a jump-diffusion model, where the dynamics of the price of the underlying are subject to variations due to a Brownian process and also to possible jumps, driven by a compound Poisson process. Merton's model admits a series solution for the European option price, and there have been a lo…
Pricing Lookback Options on a Quantum Computer
本文提出量子算法在Black-Scholes框架下定价具有回溯条款的离散监控期权，通过变分量子虚时间演化方法处理跳跃条件，为复杂衍生品的量子定价奠定基础。
We discuss utility based pricing and hedging of jump diffusion processes with emphasis on the practical applicability of the framework. We point out two difficulties that seem to limit this applicability, namely drift dependence and essential risk aversion independence. We suggest to solve these by a re-interpretation of the framework. This leads to the notion of an implied drift. We also present a heuristic derivation of the marginal indifference price and the marginal optimal hedge that might be useful in numerical computations.
Most energy and commodity markets exhibit mean-reversion and occasional distinctive price spikes, which results in demand for derivative products which protect the holder against high prices. To this end, in this paper we present exact and fast methodologies for the simulation of the spot price dynamics modeled as the exponential of the sum of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and an independent pure jump process, where the latter one is driven by a compound Poisson process with (bilateral) exponentially distributed jumps. These methodologies are finally applied to the pricing of Asian options, gas storag…
In mathematical finance a popular approach for pricing options under some Levy model is to consider underlying that follows a Poisson jump diffusion process. As it is well known this results in a partial integro-differential equation (PIDE) that usually does not allow an analytical solution while numerical solution brings some problems. In this paper we elaborate a new approach on how to transform the PIDE to some class of so-called pseudo-parabolic equations which are known in mathematics but are relatively new for mathematical finance. As an example we discuss several jump-diffusion models w…
Path integral techniques for the pricing of financial options are mostly based on models that can be recast in terms of a Fokker-Planck differential equation and that, consequently, neglect jumps and only describe drift and diffusion. We present a method to adapt formulas for both the path-integral propagators and the option prices themselves, so that jump processes are taken into account in conjunction with the usual drift and diffusion terms. In particular, we focus on stochastic volatility models, such as the exponential Vasicek model, and extend the pricing formulas and propagator of this …
European options can be priced by solving parabolic partial(-integro) differential equations under stochastic volatility and jump-diffusion models like Heston, Merton, and Bates models. American option prices can be obtained by solving linear complementary problems (LCPs) with the same operators. A finite difference discretization leads to a so-called full order model (FOM). Reduced order models (ROMs) are derived employing proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The early exercise constraint of American options is enforced by a penalty on subset of grid points. The presented numerical experime…
Numerical analysis of American option pricing in a two-asset jump-diffusion model
本文针对双资产跳扩散模型下美式期权定价的二维变分不等式，提出基于格林函数级数展开和FFT的单调积分方法，并证明其收敛到粘性解。
In this paper we consider a jump-diffusion dynamic whose parameters are driven by a continuous time and stationary Markov Chain on a finite state space as a model for the underlying of European contingent claims. For this class of processes we firstly outline the Fourier transform method both in log-price and log-strike to efficiently calculate the value of various types of options and as a concrete example of application, we present some numerical results within a two-state regime switching version of the Merton jump-diffusion model. Then we develop a closed-form solution to the problem of pr…
Semi-analytic pricing of American options in time-dependent jump-diffusion models with exponential jumps
提出半解析方法定价时间依赖跳跃扩散模型下的美式期权，通过求解代数方程和Fredholm-Volterra方程，得到闭式价格。
We derived similar to Bo et al. (2010) results but in the case when the dynamics of the FX rate is driven by a general Merton jump-diffusion process. The main results of our paper are as follows: 1) formulas for the Esscher transform parameters which ensure that the martingale condition for the discounted foreign exchange rate is a martingale for a general Merton jump--diffusion process are derived; using the values of these parameters we proceeded to a risk-neural measure and provide new formulas for the distribution of jumps, the mean jump size, and the Poisson process intensity with respect…
We propose a new jump-diffusion process, the Heston-Queue-Hawkes (HQH) model, combining the well-known Heston model and the recently introduced Queue-Hawkes (Q-Hawkes) jump process. Like the Hawkes process, the HQH model can capture the effects of self-excitation and contagion. However, since the characteristic function of the HQH process is known in closed-form, Fourier-based fast pricing algorithms, like the COS method, can be fully exploited with this model. Furthermore, we show that by using partial integrals of the characteristic function, which are also explicitly known for the HQH proce…
The present article studies geometric step options in exponential Lévy markets. Our contribution is manifold and extends several aspects of the geometric step option pricing literature. First, we provide symmetry and parity relations and derive various characterizations for both European-type and American-type geometric double barrier step options. In particular, we are able to obtain a jump-diffusion disentanglement for the early exercise premium of American-type geometric double barrier step contracts and its maturity-randomized equivalent as well as to characterize the diffusion and jump co…
Differential Machine Learning for 0DTE Options with Stochastic Volatility and Jumps
本文提出了一种差分机器学习方法，用于在随机波动率跳跃扩散模型下处理零天到期期权，通过结合价格和希腊字母的监督以及PIDE残差惩罚，提高了跳跃项的近似能力，同时保持了定价误差的可比性，并在希腊字母计算、delta对冲和速度方面表现出色。
A semi-Lagrangian $ε$-monotone Fourier method for continuous withdrawal GMWBs under jump-diffusion with stochastic interest rate
针对跳跃扩散与随机利率下的连续提款GMWB，提出半拉格朗日结合Green函数的ε-单调Fourier定价法，证明其收敛至HJB-QVI粘性解，并分析跳跃与随机利率对价格、费率及最优提款行为的影响。
Numerical methods for solving PIDEs arising in swing option pricing under a two-factor mean-reverting model with jumps
本文提出了一种用于求解具有跳跃的双因子均值回复模型下swing期权定价中PIDEs的二阶数值方法，并通过理论分析和实验验证了其收敛性。
In the present paper we present a finite element approach for option pricing in the framework of a well-known stochastic volatility model with jumps, the Bates model. In this model the asset log-returns are assumed to follow a jump-diffusion model where the jump component consists of a Levy process of compound Poisson type, while the volatility behavior is described by a stochastic differential equation of CIR type, with a mean-reverting drift term and a diffusion component correlated with that of the log-returns. Like in all the Levy models, the option pricing problem can be formulated in ter…
An Efficient Calibration Framework for Volatility Derivatives under Rough Volatility with Jumps
本研究提出一种结构保持的快速鲁棒随机波动率模型校准方法，通过拆分定价公式、GPU预计算无关积分及小网络拟合市场相关项，在带跳粗糙波动率模型上实现VIX期权的高效高精度校准。
We study an option pricing framework that accounts for the price impact of an earnings announcement (EA), and analyze the behavior of the implied volatility surface prior to the event. On the announcement date, we incorporate a random jump to the stock price to represent the shock due to earnings. We consider different distributions of the scheduled earnings jump as well as different underlying stock price dynamics before and after the EA date. Our main contributions include analytical option pricing formulas when the underlying stock price follows the Kou model along with a double-exponential…
Using a Levy process we generalize formulas in Bo et al.(2010) for the Esscher transform parameters for the log-normal distribution which ensure the martingale condition holds for the discounted foreign exchange rate. Using these values of the parameters we find a risk-neural measure and provide new formulas for the distribution of jumps, the mean jump size, and the Poisson process intensity with respect to to this measure. The formulas for a European call foreign exchange option are also derived. We apply these formulas to the case of the log-double exponential distribution of jumps. We provi…
High-order compact finite difference scheme for option pricing in stochastic volatility jump models
本文提出了一种新的高阶紧致有限差分方案，用于解决随机波动率跳跃模型（如Bates模型）中的期权定价问题，该方案在空间上四阶准确，时间上二阶准确，并通过数值实验验证了其稳定性及性能，优于传统有限差分和有限元方法。
Financial derivatives pricing aims to find the fair value of a financial contract on an underlying asset. Here we consider option pricing in the partial differential equations framework. The contemporary models lead to one-dimensional or multidimensional parabolic problems of the convection-diffusion type and generalizations thereof. An overview of various operator splitting methods is presented for the efficient numerical solution of these problems. Splitting schemes of the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) type are discussed for multidimensional problems, e.g. given by stochastic volatili…
Stochastic Volatility, Jumps, and Rates: A Unified Framework for Option Pricing and Term-Structure Simulation
本研究整合Heston、Bates和CIR模型，提出一个统一框架用于定价短期和中期股票期权并评估利率风险，发现连续随机波动主导短期定价，而随机利率显著影响一年以上估值。
We consider a method of lines (MOL) approach to determine prices of European and American exchange options when underlying asset prices are modelled with stochastic volatility and jump-diffusion dynamics. As the MOL, as with any other numerical scheme for PDEs, becomes increasingly complex when higher dimensions are involved, we first simplify the problem by transforming the exchange option into a call option written on the ratio of the yield processes of the two assets. This is achieved by taking the second asset yield process as the numeraire. We also characterize the near-maturity behavior …
The most recent update of financial option models is American options under stochastic volatility models with jumps in returns (SVJ) and stochastic volatility models with jumps in returns and volatility (SVCJ). To evaluate these options, mesh-based methods are applied in a number of papers but it is well-known that these methods depend strongly on the mesh properties which is the major disadvantage of them. Therefore, we propose the use of the meshless methods to solve the aforementioned options models, especially in this work we select and analyze one scheme of them, named local radial point …
General multilevel Monte Carlo methods for pricing discretely monitored Asian options
针对离散监测亚式期权定价问题，提出通用多层蒙特卡洛方法，覆盖多类金融过程，给出不同格式下的时间复杂度与误差界，实验表明其性能较传统方法提升约m倍。
A deep implicit-explicit minimizing movement method for option pricing in jump-diffusion models
本文提出了一种用于跳跃扩散模型期权定价的深度学习方法，通过隐式-显式最小化运动时间步进方法和深度神经网络近似，提高了计算效率和鲁棒性。
In this paper we provide a valuation formula for different classes of actuarial and financial contracts which depend on a general loss process, by using the Malliavin calculus. In analogy with the celebrated Black-Scholes formula, we aim at expressing the expected cash flow in terms of a building block. The former is related to the loss process which is a cumulated sum indexed by a doubly stochastic Poisson process of claims allowed to be dependent on the intensity and the jump times of the counting process. For example, in the context of Stop-Loss contracts the building block is given by the …
A Numerical Study of Radial Basis Function Based Methods for Options Pricing under the One Dimension Jump-diffusion Model
本文使用基于三次样条径向基函数插值的无网格方法求解一维偏积分微分方程，用于美式和欧式期权定价，并提出了改进积分精度的数值算法，数值验证了格式的二阶精度。
The present article revisits the Diffusion Operator Integral (DOI) variance reduction technique originally proposed in Heath and Platen (2002) and extends its theoretical concept to the pricing of American-style options under (time-homogeneous) Lévy stochastic differential equations. The resulting Jump Diffusion Operator Integral (JDOI) method can be combined with numerous Monte Carlo based stopping-time algorithms, including the ubiquitous least-squares Monte Carlo (LSMC) algorithm of Longstaff and Schwartz (cf. Carriere (1996), Longstaff and Schwartz (2001)). We exemplify the usefulness of o…
We propose an efficient method to evaluate callable and putable bonds under a wide class of interest rate models, including the popular short rate diffusion models, as well as their time changed versions with jumps. The method is based on the eigenfunction expansion of the pricing operator. Given the set of call and put dates, the callable and putable bond pricing function is the value function of a stochastic game with stopping times. Under some technical conditions, it is shown to have an eigenfunction expansion in eigenfunctions of the pricing operator with the expansion coefficients determ…
The pricing of options in exponential Levy models amounts to the computation of expectations of functionals of Levy processes. In many situations, Monte-Carlo methods are used. However, the simulation of a Levy process with infinite Levy measure generally requires either to truncate small jumps or to replace them by a Brownian motion with the same variance. We will derive bounds for the errors generated by these two types of approximation.
A weak MLMC scheme for Lévy-copula-driven SDEs with applications to the pricing of credit, equity and interest rate derivatives
本文提出了一种用于莱维协同驱动SDEs的弱多级蒙特卡洛方案，用于信用、股权和利率衍生品的定价。
This paper develops a novel analytically tractable Neumann series of Bessel functions representation for pricing (and hedging) European-style double barrier knock-out options, which can be applied to the whole class of one-dimensional time-homogeneous diffusions even for the cases where the corresponding transition density is not known. The proposed numerical method is shown to be efficient and simple to implement. To illustrate the flexibility and computational power of the algorithm, we develop an extended jump to default model that is able to capture several empirical regularities commonly …
Synthetic American Option Pricing via Jump-HMM-Driven Heston Implied Volatility
本文提出一种通过跳跃HMM驱动的Heston模型生成合成期权价格的方法，解决隐含波动率与期权价格之间的循环依赖问题，通过结构模型生成波动率路径并定价美国期权，验证了模型的鲁棒性。
Alternative models for FX, arbitrage opportunities and efficient pricing of double barrier options in Lévy models
针对纯跳跃 Lévy 模型中双障碍期权定价难题，提出 GWR-SINH 高效数值方法，实现毫秒级 E-5、约0.1秒 E-07 精度。
We introduce Dirac processes, using Dirac delta functions, for short-rate-type pricing of financial derivatives. Dirac processes add spikes to the existing building blocks of diffusions and jumps. Dirac processes are Generalized Processes, which have not been used directly before because the dollar value of non-Real numbers is meaningless. However, short-rate pricing is based on integrals so Dirac processes are natural. This integration directly implies that jumps are redundant whilst Dirac processes expand expressivity of short-rate approaches. Practically, we demonstrate that Dirac processes…
Pricing and hedging exotic options using local stochastic volatility models drew a serious attention within the last decade, and nowadays became almost a standard approach to this problem. In this paper we show how this framework could be extended by adding to the model stochastic interest rates and correlated jumps in all three components. We also propose a new fully implicit modification of the popular Hundsdorfer and Verwer and Modified Craig-Sneyd finite-difference schemes which provides second order approximation in space and time, is unconditionally stable and preserves positivity of the…
American options valuation in time-dependent jump-diffusion models via integral equations and characteristic functions
本文提出通过积分方程和特征函数方法，高效准确地估值时间依赖跳跃扩散模型中的美式期权，解决了传统方法的局限性。
We introduce closed-form transition density expansions for multivariate affine jump-diffusion processes. The expansions rely on a general approximation theory which we develop in weighted Hilbert spaces for random variables which possess all polynomial moments. We establish parametric conditions which guarantee existence and differentiability of transition densities of affine models and show how they naturally fit into the approximation framework. Empirical applications in credit risk, likelihood inference, and option pricing highlight the usefulness of our expansions. The approximations are e…
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