平行投票制度中的不公正划分和公平选区
Gerrymandering and fair districting in parallel voting systems
摘要：
从一种选举制度转换到另一种选举制度经常受到反对派的批评，并被视为执政党继续执政的一种手段。特别是，当新的选举制度是一个平行的投票（或一个单一的成员区）制度，执政党通常被怀疑有偏见的方式划分国家的选区，这样基于先验知识，它有更多的机会赢得最大可能数量的地区。在本文中，我们提出了一个新的方法来决定是否一个特定的政党受益于一个给定的分区地图下的平行投票制度。作为我们的方法的一部分，我们制定和解决几个gerrymandering问题。我们展示了我们的方法在2019年摩尔多瓦议会选举中的应用。我们的研究结果显示，与以往研究的论点相反，没有明确的证据表明这些选举中使用的选区地图是不公平的。
英文摘要：
Switching from one electoral system to another one is frequently criticized by the opposition and is viewed as a means for the ruling party to stay in power. In particular, when the new electoral system is a parallel voting (or a single-member district) system, the ruling party is usually suspected of a biased way of partitioning the state into electoral districts such that based on a priori knowledge it has more chances to win in a maximum possible number of districts. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for deciding whether a particular party benefits from a given districting map under a parallel voting system. As a part of our methodology, we formulate and solve several gerrymandering problems. We showcased the application of our approach to the Moldovan parliamentary elections of 2019. Our results suggest that contrary to the arguments of previous studies, there is no clear evidence to consider that the districting map used in those elections was unfair.
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