Tim Clausen, Katrin Tent
We show that the geometry associated to certain non-split sharply 2-transitive groups does not contain a proper projective plane. For a sharply 2-transitive group of finite Morley rank we improve known rank inequalities for this geometry and conclude that a sharply 2-transitive group of Morley rank 6 must be of the form $K\rtimes K^*$ for some algebraically closed field $K$.
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We construct simple sharply 2-transitive groups. Our result answers an open question of Peter Neumann. In fact, we prove that every sharply 2-transitive group of characteristic 0 embeds into a simple sharply 2-transitive group.
We give an explicit construction of sharply $2$-transitive groups with fixed point free involutions and without nontrivial abelian normal subgroup.
We construct the first sharply $3$-transitive groups not arising from a near field, i.e. point stabilizers have no nontrivial abelian normal subgroup.
A number of conditions were found under which a sharply doubly transitive permutation group has an abelian normal divider.
We construct sharply 2-transitive groups of characteristic 0 without non-trivial abelian normal subgroup. These groups act sharply 2-trnaisitvely by conjugation on their involutions. This answers a longstanding open question.
In this short note we show how to modify the construction of non-split sharply $2$-transitive groups of characteristic~$0$ given by Rips and Tent [arXiv:1604.00573] to allow for arbitrary fields of characteristic 0
In this paper we calculate the character table of a sharply $5$-transitive subgroup of ${\rm Alt}(12)$, and of a sharply $4$-transitive subgroup of ${\rm Alt}(11)$. Our presentation of these calculations is new because we make no reference to the sporadic simple Mathieu groups, and instead deduce the desired character tables using only the existence of the stated multiply transitive permutation representations.
Non-split sharply 2-transitive groups of odd positive characteristic
本文构造了奇正特征下首个不可分裂的锐2传递群，并证明无2阶挠元的群可嵌入此类群，从而在足够大的特征下得到大量不同构的例子。
Here is a simplified proof that every sharply transitive subset of $\mathrm{PGL}_2(K)$ is a coset of a subgroup.
We give a group theoretic proof of the splitting of sharply 2-transitive groups of characteristic 3.
We show that any group $G$ is contained in some sharply 2-transitive group $\mathcal{G}$ without a non-trivial abelian normal subgroup. This answers a long-standing open question. The involutions in the groups $\mathcal{G}$ that we construct have no fixed points.
We give examples of countable linear groups in $SL_{n}(R)$ for $n \ge 3$, with no nontrivial normal abelian subgroups, that admit a faithful sharply 2-transitive action on a set. Without the linearity assumption, such groups were recently constructed by Rips, Segev, and Tent. Our examples are of permutational characteristic $2$, in the sense that involutions do not fix a point in the $2$-transitive action.
The right near-domain is defined to loosen near-domain axioms. Correspondence of a class of the right near-domains and a class of sharply 2--transitive groups is constructed.
Finitely generated simple sharply 2-transitive groups
本文构造了首个有限生成的无限锐2-传递群，并进一步构造了一个具有Kazhdan性质(T)、单且恰有四个共轭类的此类群，同时证明该共轭类数量已是最小可能。
Non-split sharply 2- and 3-transitive groups in SL_n(\mathbb Z)
本文研究了SL_3(Z)中非分裂的sharply 2-传递子群的存在性，并证明SL_4(Z)中存在非分裂的sharply 3-传递子群，但SL_3(Z)中不存在无限的sharply 3-传递子群。
Non-split sharply 2-transitive groups of bounded exponent
本文构造了奇正特征下首例有界指数的非分裂严格2-传递群，并证明了存在可数无穷多个此类群，同时回答了关于2-传递置换群的两个公开问题。
The paper is devoted to generalizations of actions of topological groups on manifolds. Instead of a topological group, we consider a local topological group generalizing the notion of a~germ or a~neighborhood in a topological group. The notion of an action of a local group on a topological space is introduced. The paper constructs the theory of local sharply $n$-transitive groups and local $n$-pseudofields. Local sharply $n$-transitive groups are reduced to simpler algebraic objects -- local $n$-pseudofields, similarly to the way Lie groups are reduced to Lie algebras, and sharply two-transiti…
In this short note we present a simple combinatorial trick which can be effectively applied to show the non--existence of sharply transitive sets of permutations in certain finite permutation groups.
We use Müller and Nagy's method of contradicting subsets to give a new proof for the non-existence of sharply $2$-transitive subsets of the symplectic groups $\mathrm{Sp}(2d,2)$ in their doubly-transitive actions of degrees $2^{2d-1}\pm 2^{d-1}$. The original proof by Grundhöfer and Müller was rather complicated and used some results from modular representation theory, whereas our new proof requires only simple counting arguments.
The finite sharply $2$-transitive groups were classified by Zassenhaus in the 1930's. They essentially all look like the group of affine linear transformations $x\mapsto ax+b$ for some field (or at least near-field) $K$. However, the question remained open whether the same is true for infinite sharply $2$-transitive groups. There has been extensive work on the structures associated to such groups indicating that Zassenhaus' results might extend might extend to the infinite setting. For many specific classes of groups, like Lie groups, linear groups, or groups definable in o-minimal it was inde…
Some remarks on sharply 2-transitive groups and near-domains
本文证明特征0的尖锐2传递群在点稳定子含有限指数阿贝尔子群时可分裂，并推广至近域，回答Kourovka笔记本问题12.48 b)。
A simple acylindrical recipe for non-split characteristic $2$ sharply $k$-transitive actions and their generalizations
该研究给出群在δ-双曲空间上 acylindrical 作用的条件，可构造出k-严格传递作用，还得到有限生成的分裂严格2-、3-传递作用的简单例子。
We prove that if $G$ is a group of finite Morley rank which acts definably and generically sharply $n$-transitively on a connected abelian group $V$ of Morley rank $n$ with no involutions, then there is an algebraically closed field $F$ of characteristic $\ne 2$ such that $V$ has a structure of a vector space of dimension $n$ over $F$ and $G$ acts on $V$ as the group $\operatorname{GL}_n(F)$ in its natural action on $F^n$. This is the final pre-publication version of the paper: A. Berkman and A. Borovik, Groups of finite Morley rank with a generically sharply multiply transitive action, J. Alg…
Two generalisations of sharp k-transitivity
本文考虑群作用的尖锐\(k -\)传递性的两种推广。一是推广到尖锐\(\Theta -\)传递作用，刻画了相关条件及作用群性质，给出\(k = 2, 3\)时非分裂有限表示群例子并强化Tits结果；二是推广到关系结构的尖锐\(k -\)齐次作用，回答了Cameron的问题。
There are no sharply transitive subsets of $\mathrm{SL}(2,q)$ for $q\ge 13$
该研究将SL(2,q)强传递子群的存在性结论推广到强传递子集，证明当q≥13时SL(2,q)不存在此类子集，仅q∈{2,3,5,7,11}时存在。
A group G is sharply 2-transitive if it admits a faithful permutation representation that is transitive and free on pairs of distinct points. Conjecturally, for all such groups there exists a near-field N (i.e. a skew field that is distributive only from the left) such that G is isomorphic to the semidirect product of the multiplicative and additive groups of N. This is well known in the finite case. We prove this conjecture when G < GL(n,F) is a linear group. Here we have to assume that both the characteristic of the field F and the permutational characteristic of the group G (see Definition …
n [D. de Caen, E.R. van Dam. Fissioned triangular schemes via the cross-ratio, {Europ. J. Combin.}, 22 (2001) 297-301], de Caen and van Dam constructed a fission scheme $\FT(q+1)$ of the triangular scheme on $\PG(1,q)$. This fission scheme comes from the naturally induced action of $\PGL(2,q)$ on the 2-element subsets of $\PG(1,q)$. The group $\PGL(2,q)$ is one of two infinite families of finite sharply 3-transitive groups. The other such family $\Mq(q)$ is a "twisted" version of $\PGL(2,q)$, where $q$ is an even power of an odd prime. The group $\PSL(2,q)$ is the intersection of $\PGL(2,q)$ a…
We show a simple geometric procedure for an extension of a loop realized as the image $Σ^{\ast}$ of a sharply transitive section in a subgroup $G^{\ast}$ of the projective linear group $PGL(n-1, \mathbb K)$ to a loop realized as the image of a sharply transitive section in a group $Δ=T' \rtimes C$ of affinities of the $n$-dimensional space ${\cal A}_n=\mathbb K^n$ over a commutative field $\mathbb K$. We desire that $T'$ is a large subgroup of affine translations and that $α(C)=G^{\ast}$ holds for the canonical homomorphism $α:GL(n,\mathbb K) \to PGL(n, \mathbb K)$. We demonstrate that our con…
All sigma-compact, locally compact groups acting sharply n-transitively and continuously on compact spaces M have been classified, except for n=2,3 when M is infinite and disconnected. We show that no such actions exist for n=2 and that these actions for n=3 coincide with the action of a hyperbolic group on a space equivariantly homeomorphic to its hyperbolic boundary. We further give a characterization of non-compact groups acting 3-properly and transitively on infinite compact sets as non-elementary boundary transitive hyperbolic groups. The main tool is a generalization to locally compact g…
In this paper we study loops, neardomains and nearfields from a categorical point of view. By choosing the right kind of morphisms, we can show that the category of neardomains is equivalent to the category of sharply 2-transitive groups. The other categories are also shown to be equivalent with categories whose objects are sets of permutations with suitable extra properties. Up to now the equivalence between neardomains and sharply 2-transitive groups was only known when both categories were equipped with the obvious isomorphisms as morphisms. We thank Hubert Kiechle for this observation.
A transitive decomposition of a graph is a partition of the edge or arc set giving a set of subgraphs which are preserved and permuted transitively by a group of automorphisms of the graph. In this paper we give some background to the study of transitive decompositions and highlight a connection with partial linear spaces. We then describe a simple method for constructing transitive decompositions using graph quotients, and we show how this may be used in an application to modular origami.
In this note, we study non-transitive graphs and prove a number of results when they satisfy a coarse version of transitivity. Also, for each finitely generated group $G$, we produce continuum many pairwise non-quasi-isometric regular graphs that have the same growth rate, number of ends, and asymptotic dimension as $G$.
Bounding the degree of generic sharp transitivity
本研究在L-群条件下证明了有限Morley秩泛型锐t-传递置换群的次数满足t≤r+2，推进了Borovik-Cherlin猜想，证明基于三个独立的群作用相关关键要素。
Group-subgroup subfactors revisited
本文重新研究群-子群子因子的分类问题，证明对Frobenius群及一大类有限多重传递置换群（含锐k-传递群和M_{11}），其子因子可完全由主图唯一刻画。
We classify the pairwise transitive 2-designs, that is, 2-designs such that a group of automorphisms is transitive on the following five sets of ordered pairs: point-pairs, incident point-block pairs, non-incident point-block pairs, intersecting block-pairs and non-intersecting block-pairs. These 2-designs fall into two classes: the symmetric ones and the quasisymmetric ones. The symmetric examples include the symmetric designs from projective geometry, the 11-point biplane, the Higman-Sims design, and designs of points and quadratic forms on symplectic spaces. The quasisymmetric examples aris…
We solve the long-standing open problem of classifying all 3-(v,k,1) designs with a flag-transitive group of automorphisms (cf. A. Delandtsheer, Geom. Dedicata 41 (1992), p. 147; and in: "Handbook of Incidence Geometry", ed. by F. Buekenhout, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1995, p. 273; but presumably dating back to 1965). Our result relies on the classification of the finite 2-transitive permutation groups.
It is known that the Levi graph of any rank two coset geometry is an edge-transitive graph, and thus coset geometries can be used to construct many edge transitive graphs. In this paper, we consider the reverse direction. Starting from edge- transitive graphs, we construct all associated core-free, rank two coset geometries. In particular, we focus on 3-valent and 4-valent graphs, and are able to construct coset geometries arising from these graphs. We summarize many properties of these coset geometries in a sequence of tables; in the 4-valent case we restrict to graphs that have relatively sm…
From the point of view of discrete geometry, the class of locally finite transitive graphs is a wide and important one. The subclass of Cayley graphs is of particular interest, as testifies the development of geometric group theory. Recall that Cayley graphs can be defined as non-empty locally finite connected graphs endowed with a transitive group action such that any non-identity element acts without fixed point. We define a class of transitive graphs which are transitive in an "absolutely non-Cayley way": we consider graphs endowed with a transitive group action such that any element of the…
A scale-multiplicative semigroup in a totally disconnected, locally compact group $G$ is one for which the restriction of the scale function on $G$ is multiplicative. The maximal scale-multiplicative semigroups in groups acting 2-transitively on the set of ends of trees without leaves are determined in this paper and shown to correspond to geometric features of the tree.
The Baby Monster group B acts naturally on a geometry E(B) with diagram c.F_4(t) for t=4 and the action of B on E(B) is flag-transitive. It possesses the following properties: (a) any two elements of type 1 are incident to at most one common element of type 2, and (b) three elements of type 1 are pairwise incident to common elements of type 2 iff they are incident to a common element of type 5. It is shown that E(B) is the only (non-necessary flag-transitive) c.F_4(t)-geometry, satisfying t=4, (a) and (b), thus obtaining the first characterization of B in terms of an incidence geometry, simila…
The $S^2 \times R$ geometry can be derived by the direct product of the spherical plane $\bS^2$ and the real line $\bR$. J. Z. Farkas has classified and given the complete list of the space groups of $S^2 \times R$. The $S^2 \times R$ manifolds were classified by E. Molnár and J. Z. Farkas by similarity and diffeomorphism. In Szirmai we have studied the geodesic balls and their volumes in $S^2 \times R$ space, moreover we have introduced the notion of geodesic ball packing and its density and have determined the densest geodesic ball packing for generalized Coxeter space groups of $S^2 \times …
Mock hyperbolic reflection spaces and Frobenius groups of finite Morley rank
该研究定义伪双曲反射空间概念，用于分析有限Morley秩的Frobenius群，得出相关群的分裂性结论与秩不等式推论。
A lemma of Tits establishes a connection between the simple connectivity of an incidence geometry and the universal completion of an amalgam induced by a sufficiently transitive group of automorphisms of that geometry. In the present paper, we generalize this lemma to intransitive geometries, thus opening the door for numerous applications. We treat ourselves some amalgams related to intransitive actions of finite orthogonal groups, as a first class of examples.
We obtain the symplectic group as an amalgam of low rank subgroups akin to Levi components. We do this by having the group act flag-transitively on a new type of geometry and applying Tits' lemma. This provides a new way of recognizing the symplectic groups from a small collection of small subgroups. The geometry consists of all subspaces of maximal rank in a vector space of maximal rank with respect to a symplectic form. The main result holds for fields of size at least 3. We analyze the geometry over the field of size 2 and describe its simply connected cover if different from the geometry.
Triple factorisations of finite groups $G$ of the form $G=PQP$ are essential in the study of Lie theory as well as in geometry. Geometrically, each triple factorisation $G=PQP$ corresponds to a $G$-flag transitive point/line geometry such that `each pair of points is incident with at least one line'. We call such a geometry \emph{collinearly complete}, and duality (interchanging the roles of points and lines) gives rise to the notion of \emph{concurrently complete} geometries. In this paper, we study triple factorisations of the general linear group $\mathrm{GL}(V)$ as $PQP$ where the subgroup…
We obtain the symplectic group $\SP(V)$ as the universal completion of an amalgam of low rank subgroups akin to Levi components. We let $\SP(V)$ act flag-transitively on the geometry of maximal rank subspaces of $V$. We show that this geometry and its rank $\ge 3$ residues are simply connected with few exceptions. The main exceptional residue is described in some detail. The amalgamation result is then obtained by applying Tits' lemma. This provides a new way of recognizing the symplectic groups from a small collection of small subgroups.
The classification of flag-transitive generalised quadrangles is a long-standing open problem at the interface of finite geometry and permutation group theory. Given that all known flag-transitive generalised quadrangles are also point-primitive (up to point-line duality), it is likewise natural to seek a classification of the point-primitive examples. Working towards this aim, we are led to investigate generalised quadrangles that admit a collineation group $G$ preserving a Cartesian product decomposition of the set of points. It is shown that, under a generic assumption on $G$, the number of…
An automaton is said to be synchronizing if there is a word in the transitions which sends all states of the automaton to a single state. Research on this topic has been driven by the Černý conjecture, one of the oldest and most famous problems in automata theory, according to which a synchronizing $n$-state automaton has a reset word of length at most $(n-1)^2$. The transitions of an automaton generate a transformation monoid on the set of states, and so an automaton can be regarded as a transformation monoid with a prescribed set of generators. In this setting, an automaton is synchronizing …
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