We study approximation properties of weighted $\mathrm{L}^2$-orthogonal projectors onto spaces of polynomials of bounded degree in the Euclidean unit ball, where the weight is of the reflection-invariant form $(1-\lVert x \rVert^2)^α\prod_{i=1}^d \lvert x_i \rvert^{γ_i}$, $α, γ_1, \dots, γ_d > -1$. Said properties are measured in Dunkl-Sobolev-type norms in which the same weighted $\mathrm{L}^2$ norm is used to control all the involved differential-difference Dunkl operators, such as those appearing in the Sturm-Liouville characterization of similarly weighted $\mathrm{L}^2$-orthogonal polynomials, as opposed to the partial derivatives of Sobolev-type norms. The method of proof relies on spaces instead of bases of orthogonal polynomials, which greatly simplifies the exposition.
We investigate local variants of Nash inequalities in the context of Dunkl operators. Pseudo-Poincaré inequalities are first established using pointwise gradient estimates of the Dunkl heat kernel. These inequalities allow to obtain relative Nash-type inequalities which are used to derive mean value inequalities for subsolutions of the heat equation on orbits of balls not necessarily centered on the origin.
We study weighted $(L^p, L^q)$-boundedness properties of Riesz potentials and fractional maximal functions for the Dunkl transform. In particular, we obtain the weighted Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev type inequality and weighted week $(L^1, L^q)$ estimate. We find a sharp constant in the weighted $L^p$-inequality, generalizing the results of W. Beckner and S. Samko.
We obtain the asymptotic orders of entropy numbers of Sobolev classes on the unit sphere with Dunkl weight which associates with the finite reflection group. Moreover, the asymptotic order of entropy numbers of weighted Sobolev classes on the unit ball and on the standard simplex are discussed.
This paper studies the uncertainty principle for spherical $h$-harmonic expansions on the unit sphere of $\mathbb{R}^d$ associated with a weight function invariant under a general finite reflection group, which is in full analogy with the classical Heisenberg inequality. Our proof is motivated by a new decomposition of the Dunkl-Laplace-Beltrami operator on the weighted sphere.
A family of orthonormal polynomials on the unit ball $B^d$ of $\RR^d$ with respect to the inner product $$ < f,g > = \int_{B^d}Δ[(1-\|x\|^2) f(x)] Δ[(1-\|x\|) g(x)] dx, $$ where $Δ$ is the Laplace operator, is constructed explicitly.
This work is a continuation of the recent study by the authors on approximation theory over the sphere and the ball. The main results define new Sobolev spaces on these domains and study polynomial approximations for functions in these spaces, including simultaneous approximation by polynomials and relation between best approximation to a function and to its derivatives.
We analyse a family of mutually orthogonal polynomials on the unit ball with respect to an inner product which involves the outward normal derivatives on the sphere. Using their representation in terms of spherical harmonics, algebraic and analytic properties will be deduced. First, we deduce explicit connection formulas relating classical multivariate ball polynomials and our family of Sobolev orthogonal polynomials. Then explicit representations for the norms and the kernels will be obtained. Finally, the asymptotic behaviour of the corresponding Christoffel functions is studied.
An explicit family of polynomials on the unit ball $B^d$ of $\RR^d$ is constructed, so that it is an orthonormal family with respect to the inner product $$ < f,g > = ρ\int_{B^d}\nabla f(x)\cdot \nabla g(x) dx + \CL (fg), $$ where $ρ>0$, $\nabla$ is the gradient, and $\CL(fg)$ is either the inner product on the sphere $S^{d-1}$ or $f(0)g(0)$.
For the weight function $W_μ(x) = (1-|x|^2)^μ$, $μ> -1$, $λ> 0$ and $b_μ$ a normalizing constant, a family of mutually orthogonal polynomials on the unit ball with respect to the inner product $$ \la f,g \ra = {b_μ[\int_{\BB^d} f(x) g(x) W_μ(x) dx + λ\int_{\BB^d} \nabla f(x) \cdot \nabla g(x) W_μ(x) dx]} $$ are constructed in terms of spherical harmonics and a sequence of Sobolev orthog onal polynomials of one variable. The latter ones, hence, the orthogonal polynomials with respect to $\la \cdot,\cdot\ra$, can be generated through a recursive formula.
We introduce the so-called Clifford-Gegenbauer polynomials in the framework of Dunkl operators, as well on the unit ball B(1), as on the Euclidean space $R^m$. In both cases we obtain several properties of these polynomials, such as a Rodrigues formula, a differential equation and an explicit relation connecting them with the Jacobi polynomials on the real line. As in the classical Clifford case, the orthogonality of the polynomials on $R^m$ must be treated in a completely different way than the orthogonality of their counterparts on B(1). In case of $R^m$, it must be expressed in terms of a b…
We study approximation properties of weighted $L^2$-orthogonal projectors onto spaces of polynomials of bounded degree in the Euclidean unit ball, where the weight is of the generalized Gegenbauer form $x \mapsto (1-\|x\|^2)^α$, $α> -1$. Said properties are measured in Sobolev-type norms in which the same weighted $L^2$ norm is used to control all the involved weak derivatives. The method of proof does not rely on any particular basis of orthogonal polynomials, which allows for a short, streamlined and dimension-independent exposition.
We prove fractional Hardy--Sobolev--Maz'ya inequality for balls and a half-space, partially answering the open problem posed by Frank and Seiringer [arXiv:0906.1561v1 [math.FA], 2009] We note that for half-spaces this inequality has been recently obtained by Sloane [arXiv:1004.4828v1 [math.FA], 2010].
In this paper, we investigate optimal linear approximations ($n$-approximation numbers ) of the embeddings from the Sobolev spaces $H^r\ (r>0)$ for various equivalent norms and the Gevrey type spaces $G^{α,β}\ (α,β>0)$ on the sphere $\Bbb S^d$ and on the ball $\Bbb B^d$, where the approximation error is measured in the $L_2$-norm. We obtain preasymptotics, asymptotics, and strong equivalences of the above approximation numbers as a function in $n$ and the dimension $d$. We emphasis that all equivalence constants in the above preasymptotics and asymptotics are independent of the dimension $d$ a…
In this paper, the authors characterize Sobolev spaces $W^{α,p}({\mathbb R}^n)$ with the smoothness order $α\in(0,2]$ and $p\in(\max\{1, \frac{2n}{2α+n}\},\infty)$, via the Lusin area function and the Littlewood-Paley $g_λ^\ast$-function in terms of centered ball averages. The authors also show that the condition $p\in(\max\{1, \frac{2n}{2α+n}\},\infty)$ is nearly sharp in the sense that these characterizations are no longer true when $p\in (1,\max\{1, \frac{2n}{2α+n}\})$. These characterizations provide a new possible way to introduce fractional Sobolev spaces with smoothness order in $(1,2]$…
Let $L_{q,μ}$, $1\leq q\leq\infty$, denotes the weighted $L_q$ space of functions on the unit ball $\Bbb B^d$ with respect to weight $(1-\|x\|_2^2)^{μ-\frac12},\,μ\ge 0$, and let $W_{2,μ}^r$ be the weighted Sobolev space on $\Bbb B^d$ with a Gaussian measure $ν$. We investigate the probabilistic linear $(n,δ)$-widths $λ_{n,δ}(W_{2,μ}^r,ν,L_{q,μ})$ and the $p$-average linear $n$-widths $λ_n^{(a)}(W_{2,μ}^r,μ,L_{q,μ})_p$, and obtain their asymptotic orders for all $1\le q\le \infty$ and $0<p<\infty$.
In this article, the authors establish a new characterization of the Musielak--Orlicz--Sobolev space on $\mathbb{R}^n$, which includes the classical Orlicz--Sobolev space, the weighted Sobolev space and the variable exponent Sobolev space as special cases, in terms of sharp ball averaging functions. Even in a special case, namely, the variable exponent Sobolev space, the obtained result in this article improves the corresponding result obtained by P. Hästö and A. M. Ribeiro [Commun. Contemp. Math. 19 (2017), 1650022, 13 pp] via weakening the assumption $f\in L^1(\mathbb R^n)$ into $f\in L_{\ma…
Let $p\in(1,\infty)$ and $q\in[1,\infty)$. In this article, the authors characterize the Triebel-Lizorkin space ${F}^α_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ with smoothness order $α\in(0,2)$ via the Lusin-area function and the $g_λ^*$-function in terms of difference between $f(x)$ and its average $B_tf(x):=\frac1{|B(x,t)|}\int_{B(x,t)}f(y)\,dy$ over a ball $B(x,t)$ centered at $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$ with radius $t\in(0,1)$. As an application, the authors obtain a series of characterizations of $F^α_{p,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ via pointwise inequalities, involving ball averages, in spirit close to Hajłasz gradients, …
The purposes of this paper are two fold. First, we extend the method of non-homogeneous harmonic analysis of Nazarov, Treil and Volberg to handle "Bergman--type" singular integral operators. The canonical example of such an operator is the Beurling transform on the unit disc. Second, we use the methods developed in this paper to settle the important open question about characterizing the Carleson measures for the Besov--Sobolev space of analytic functions $B^σ_2$ on the complex ball of $\mathbb{C}^d$. In particular, we demonstrate that for any $σ> 0$, the Carleson measures for the space are ch…
We prove that the multiplier algebra of the Drury-Arveson Hardy space $H_{n}^{2}$ on the unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ has no corona in its maximal ideal space, thus generalizing the famous Corona Theorem of L. Carleson to higher dimensions. This result is obtained as a corollary of the Toeplitz corona theorem and a new Banach space result: the Besov-Sobolev space $B_{p}^σ$ has the "baby corona property" for all $σ\geq 0$ and $1<p<\infty $. In addition we obtain infinite generator and semi-infinite matrix versions of these theorems.
The author establishes some geometric criteria for a Haj\lasz-Sobolev $\dot M^{s,\,p}_\ball$-extension (resp. $\dot M^{s,\,p}_\ball$-imbedding) domain of ${\mathbb R}^n$ with $n\ge2$, $s\in(0,\,1]$ and $p\in[n/s,\,\infty]$ (resp. $p\in(n/s,\,\infty]$). In particular, the author proves that a bounded finitely connected planar domain $\boz$ is a weak $α$-cigar domain with $α\in(0,\,1)$ if and only if $\dot F^s_{p,\,\infty}({\mathbb R}^2)|_\boz=\dot M^{s,\,p}_\ball(\boz)$ for some/all $s\in[α,\,1)$ and $p=(2-\az)/(s-α)$, where $\dot F^s_{p,\,\infty}({\mathbb R}^2)|_\boz$ denotes the restriction o…
This is a survey on best polynomial approximation on the unit sphere and the unit ball. The central problem is to describe the approximation behavior of a function by polynomials via smoothness of the function. A major effort is to identify a correct gadget that characterizes smoothness of functions, either a modulus of smoothness or a $K$- functional, the two of which are often equivalent. We will concentrate on characterization of best approximations, given in terms of direct and converse theorems, and report several moduli of smoothness and $K$-functionals, including recent results that giv…
A Sobolev type embedding for radially symmetric functions on the unit ball $B$ in $\mathbb R^n$, $n\geq 3$, into the variable exponent Lebesgue space $L_{2^\star + |x|^α} (B)$, $2^\star = 2n/(n-2)$, $α>0$, is known due to J.M. do Ó, B. Ruf, and P. Ubilla, namely, the inequality \[ \sup\Big\{\int_B |u(x)|^{2^\star+|x|^α} dx : u\in H^1_{0,{\rm rad}}(B), \|\nabla u\|_{L^2(B)} =1\Big\} < +\infty \] holds. In this work, we generalize the above inequality for higher order Sobolev spaces of radially symmetric functions on $B$, namely, the embedding \[ H^m_{0,{\rm rad}}(B) \hookrightarrow L_{2_m^\star…
Let $X$ be a ball Banach function space on ${\mathbb R}^n$. In this article, under some mild assumptions about both $X$ and the boundedness of the Hardy--Littlewood maximal operator on the associate space of the convexification of $X$, the authors prove that, for any locally integrable function $f$ with $\|\,|\nabla f|\,\|_{X}<\infty$, $$\sup_{λ\in(0,\infty)}λ\left \|\left|\left\{y\in{\mathbb R}^n:\ |f(\cdot)-f(y)| >λ|\cdot-y|^{\frac{n}{q}+1}\right\}\right|^{\frac{1}{q}} \right\|_X\sim \|\,|\nabla f|\,\|_X$$ with the positive equivalence constants independent of $f$, where the index $q\in(0,\i…
In this paper, we pursue the study of harmonic functions on the real hyperbolic ball started by the second named author. Our focus here is on the theory of Hardy, Hardy-Sobolev and Lipschitz spaces of these functions. We prove here that these spaces admit Fefferman-Stein like characterizations in terms of maximal and square functionals. We further prove that the hyperbolic harmonic extension of Lipschitz functions on the boundary extend into Lipschitz functions on the whole ball.
This paper continues the program initiated in the works by the authors [60], [61] and [62] and by the authors with Li [51] and [52] to establish higher order Poincaré-Sobolev, Hardy-Sobolev-Maz'ya, Adams and Hardy-Adams inequalities on real hyperbolic spaces using the method of Helgason-Fourier analysis on the hyperbolic spaces. The aim of this paper is to establish such inequalities on the Siegel domains and complex hyperbolic spaces. Firstly, we prove a factorization theorem for the operators on the complex hyperbolic space which is closely related to Geller' operator, as well as the CR inva…
For $1<p<\infty$ we give a characterization of the Sobolev space $\dot W^{1,p}(\mathbb R^d)$ in terms of the oscillations of a function on balls of varying centers and radii. Our work is motivated both by the study of trace ideal properties of commutators with singular integral operators and by work of Nguyen and by Brezis, Van Schaftingen and Yung on derivative-free characterizations of Sobolev spaces.
