In this note we analyze the BPS black hole equations in extended supergravities and we find two interesting relations involving first and second derivatives of combinations of the central charges. One relation is a new identity that solely relies on the geometric properties of the scalar manifolds of extended supergravity theories. The other relation is a generalization of a scalar weak gravity conjecture relation conjectured by Palti and uses properties of the underlying black hole solution. We also provide for the first time an explicit covariant construction of the BPS squared action for such solutions.
We consider the open superstring action in the AdS$_4 \times \mathbf{CP}^3$ background and investigate the suitable boundary conditions for the open superstring describing the 1/2-BPS D-branes by imposing the $κ$-symmetry of the action. This results in the classification of 1/2-BPS D-branes from covariant open superstring. It is shown that the 1/2-BPS D-brane configurations are restricted considerably by the Kähler structure on $\mathbf{CP}^3$. We just consider D-branes without worldvolume fluxes.
We study extremal black hole solutions to four dimensional N=2 supergravity based on a cubic symmetric scalar manifold. Using the coset construction available for these models, we define the first order flow equations implied by the corresponding nilpotency conditions on the three-dimensional scalar momenta for the composite non-BPS class of multi-centre black holes. As an application, we directly solve these equations for the single-centre subclass, and write the general solution in a manifestly duality covariant form. This includes all single-centre under-rotating non-BPS solutions, as well …
We explore noncommutative D-branes in the AdS_5xS^5 background from the viewpoint of κ-invariance of a covariant open string action in the Green-Schwarz formulation. Boundary conditions to ensure the κ-invariance of the action lead to possible configurations of noncommutative D-branes. With this covariant method, we derive configurations of 1/4 BPS noncommutative D-branes. The resulting D-branes other than D-string are 1/4 BPS at any places, and the D-string is exceptional and it is 1/2 BPS at the origin and 1/4 BPS outside the origin. All of them are reduced to possible 1/4 BPS or 1/2 BPS AdS…
We present a manifestly duality covariant formulation of the composite non-BPS and almost-BPS systems of multi-centre black hole solutions in four dimensions. The method of nilpotent orbits is used to define the two systems in terms of first order flow equations that transform covariantly under the duality group. Subsequently, we rewrite both systems of equations in terms of real, manifestly duality covariant, linear systems of Poisson equations. Somewhat unexpectedly, we find that the two systems are naturally described by the same equations involving space dependent abelian isometries that a…
We investigate the one-dimensional defect SCFT defined on the $1/2$ BPS Wilson line/loop in ABJ(M) theory. We show that the supermatrix structure of the defect imposes a covariant supermatrix representation of the supercharges. Exploiting this covariant formulation, we prove the existence of a long multiplet whose highest weight state is a constant supermatrix operator. At weak coupling, we study this operator in perturbation theory and confirm that it acquires a non-trivial anomalous dimension. At strong coupling, we conjecture that this operator is dual to the lowest bound state of fluctuati…
We propose a supersymmetric model that defines M-theory. It possesses SO(1, 10) super Poincare symmetry and is constructed based on the Lorentzian 3-algebra associated with U(N) Lie algebra. This model is a supersymmetric generalization of the model in arXiv:0902.1333. From our model, we derive BFSS matrix theory and IIB matrix model in the naive large N limit by taking appropriate BPS vacua.
We revisit the 1/2-BPS D-branes on the AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ background. Based only on the classification of 1/2-BPS D-branes obtained by the covariant open string description, we consider various purely static configurations of D-branes without any worldvolume flux on the AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ background. Under the covariant $κ$ symmetry fixing condition, we investigate which part the spacetime supersymmetries is preserved on the D-brane worldvolume and obtain the associated worldvolume supersymmetry transformation rules to leading order in the worldvolume fluctuating fields. It is shown that, for …
Vector spaces of (framed) BPS states of Lagrangian four-dimensional N=2 field theories can be defined in semiclassical chambers in terms of the $L^2$-cohomology of Dirac-like operators on monopole moduli spaces. This was spelled out previously for theories with only vectormultiplets, taking into account only a subset of the possible half-supersymmetric 't Hooft-Wilson line defects. This note completes the discussion by describing the modifications needed when including matter hypermultiplets together with arbitrary 't Hooft-Wilson line defects. Two applications of this extended discussion are …
We discuss the covariant formulation of local field theories described by the Companion Lagrangian associated with p-branes. The covariantisation is shown to be useful for clarifying the geometrical meaning of the field equations and also their relation to the Hamilton-Jacobi formulation of the standard Dirac-Born-Infeld theory.
We present new covariant phase space formulations of superparticles moving on a group manifold, deriving the fundamental Poisson brackets and current algebras. We show how these formulations naturally generalise to the supersymmetric Wess-Zumino-Witten models.
A possible avenue towards the covariant formulation of the bosonic Matrix Theory is explored. The approach is guided by the known covariant description of the bosonic membrane. We point out various problems with this particular covariantization scheme, stemming from the central question of how to enlarge the original U(N) symmetry of Matrix Theory while preserving all of its essential features in the infinite momentum frame.
In this paper we construct closed expressions that correspond to the topological charges of the various 1/2-BPS states of the maximal 10 and 11-dimensional supergravity theories. These expressions are related to the structure of the SUSY algebras in curved spacetimes. We mainly focus on IIB SUGRA and 11-dimensional SUGRA in a double M9-brane background, with an emphasis on the SL(2,R) multiplet structure of the charges and how these map between theories. This includes the charges corresponding to the multiplets of 7- and 9-branes in IIB. We find that examining the possible multiplet structures…
An explicit Lorentz covariant formulation of the canonical theory for classical fields is established on a space-like hypersurface. Hamilton's equations and a Poisson bracket are defined on the space-like hypersurface. The Poisson bracket relations between total momentum and total angular momentum satisfies the Poincar{é} algebra. It is shown that our Poisson bracket has the same symplectic structure that was brought in the covariant symplectic approach.
We investigate the covariant formulation of Chern-Simons theories in a general odd dimension which can be obtained by introducing a vacuum connection field as a reference. Field equations, Noether currents and superpotentials are computed so that results are easily compared with the well-known results in dimension 3. Finally we use this covariant formulation of Chern-Simons theories to investigate their relation with topological BF theories.
Parametrized field theories, which are generally covariant versions of ordinary field theories, are studied from the point of view of the covariant phase space: the space of solutions of the field equations equipped with a canonical (pre)symplectic structure. Motivated by issues arising in general relativity, we focus on: phase space representations of the spacetime diffeomorphism group, construction of observables, and the relationship between the canonical and covariant phase spaces.
We study the construction of covariant nonlinear duality-symmetric actions in dual formulation. Essentially, the construction is the PST-covariantisation and nonlinearisation of Zwanziger action. The covariantisation made use of three auxiliary scalar fields. Apart from these, the construction proceed in a similar way to that of the standard formulation. For example, the theories can be extended to include interactions with external fields, and that the theories possess two local PST symmetries. We then explicitly demonstrate the construction of covariant nonlinear duality-symmetric actions in…
We will establish the connection between the Lorentz covariant and so-called single-time formulation for the quark Wigner operator. To this end we will discuss the initial value problem for the Wigner operator of a field theory and give a discussion of the gauge-covariant formulation for the Wigner operator including some new results concerning the chiral limit. We discuss the gradient or semi-classical expansion and the color and spinor decomposition of the equations of motion for the Wigner operator. The single-time formulation will be derived from the covariant formulation by taking energy …
Covariantly we reformulate the description of a spinning particle in terms of the Poincaré group. We also construct a Lagrangian which entails all possible constraints explicitly; all constraints can be obtained just from the Lagrangian. Furthermore, in this covariant reformulation, the Lorentz element is to be considered to evolve the momentum or spin component from an arbitrary fixed frame and not just from the particle rest frame. In distinction with the usual formulation, our system is directly comparable with the pseudo-classical formulation. We get a peculiar symmetry which resembles the…
We propose a formulation of 11-dimensional M-theory in terms of five-branes with closed strings on their world-volume. We use this description to construct the complete spectrum of BPS states in compactifications to six and five dimensions. We compute the degeneracy for fixed charge and find it to be in accordance with U-duality (which in our formulation is manifest in six dimensions) and the statistical entropy formula of the corresponding black hole. We also briefly comment on the four-dimensional case.
In this paper, we construct a single Lagrangian for both limits of Galilean electrodynamics. The framework relies on a covariant formalism used in describing Newton-Cartan geometry. We write down the Galilean conformal algebra and its representation in this formalism. We also show that the Lagrangian is invariant under the Galilean conformal algebra in d = 4 and calculate the energy-momentum tensor.
On the basis of the covariant description of the canonical formalism for quantization, we present the basic elements of the symplectic geometry for a restricted class of topological defects propagating on a curved background spacetime. We discuss the future extensions of the present results.
A manifestly Lorentz invariant effective action for Yang-Mills theory depending only on commuting fields is constructed. This action posesses a bosonic symmetry, which plays a role analogous to the BRST symmetry in the standard formalism.
We describe a canonical covariant formulation of the Green-Schwarz Superstring which allows the construction of a new covariant action canonically equivalent to the Green-Schwarz action but subjected only to first class constraints. From this action the correct BRST operator for the quantization of the Green-Schwarz Superstring may be constructed. Also the gauge fixed action in the Light-Cone gauge may be reobtained. The action presented in this letter generalizes in a non-trivial form the action introduced by Kallosh for the Brink-Schwarz-Casalbuoni Superparticle.
We show that the D=5 dilaton-axion gravity compactified on a 2-torus possesses the SL(4,R)/SO(4) matrix formulation. It is used for construction of the SO(2,2)-invariant BPS solution depended on the one harmonic function.
A covariant description of the canonical theory for interacting classical fields is developed on a space-like hypersurface. An identity invariant under the canonical transformations is obtained. The identity follows a canonical equation in which the interaction Hamiltonian density genarates a deformation of the space-like hypersurface. The equation just corresponds to the Yang-Feldman equation in the Heisenberg pictures in quantum field theory.
We consider theories of N=2 supergravity with Fayet-Iliopoulos gauging, and describe a procedure to obtain non-BPS extremal black hole solutions in asymptotically AdS_4 space, in a fully symplectic covariant framework. By considering both electric as well as magnetic gauging, we are able to find new extremal purely magnetic and dyonic solutions. We consistently impose the Dirac quantization condition as a constraint on the black hole and gravitinos charges. This additional requirement allows to parameterize the black hole entropy in terms of an integer and of the entropy of the corresponding b…
The three-dimensional noncommutative supersymmetric QED is investigated within the superfield approach. We prove the absence of UV/IR mixing in the theory at any loop order and demonstrate its one-loop finiteness.
Covariant Phase Space and Carroll-Weyl $χ$ Symmetry of Carroll Non-BPS D$_p$-branes
School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS（杭州高等研究院基础物理与数学学院，UCAS）；Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS（杭州高等研究院，UCAS）；Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院理论物理研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
The problem of the restoring of the equivalence between Light-Front (LF) Hamiltonian and conventional Lorentz-covariant formulations of gauge theory is solved for QED(1+1) and (perturbatively to all orders) for QCD(3+1). For QED(1+1) the LF Hamiltonian is constructed which reproduces the results of Lorentz-covariant theory. This is achieved by bosonization of the model and by analysing the resulting bosonic theory to all orders in the fermion mass. For QCD(3+1) we describe nonstandard regularization that allows to restore mentioned equivalence with finite number of counterterms in LF Hamiltoni…
We propose the bosonic part of an action that defines M-theory. It possesses manifest SO(1, 10) symmetry and constructed based on the Lorentzian 3-algebra associated with U(N) Lie algebra. From our action, we derive the bosonic sector of BFSS matrix theory and IIB matrix model in the naive large N limit by taking appropriate vacua. We also discuss an interaction with fermions.
A general family of charge-current carrying cosmic string models is investigated. In the special case of circular configurations in arbitrary axially symmetric gravitational and electromagnetic backgrounds the dynamics is determined by simple point particle Hamiltonians. A certain "duality" transformation relates our results to previous ones, obtained by Carter et. al., for an infinitely long open stationary string in an arbitrary stationary background.
The scalar fields of supersymmetric models are coordinates of a geometric space. We propose a formulation of supersymmetry that is covariant with respect to reparametrizations of this target space. Employing chiral multiplets as an example, we introduce modified supersymmetry variations and redefined auxiliary fields that transform covariantly under reparametrizations. The resulting action and transformation laws are manifestly covariant and highlight the geometric structure of the supersymmetric theory. The covariant methods are developed first for general theories (not necessarily supersymme…
Extended superalgebras of types A,B,C, heterotic and type-I are all derived as solutions to a BPS equation in 14 dimensions with signature ( 11,3). The BPS equation as well as the solutions are covariant under SO( 11,3). This shows how supersymmetries with N<=8 in four dimensions have their origin in the same superalgebra in 14D. The solutions provide different bases for the same superalgebra in 4D, and the transformations among bases correspond to various dualities.
We study static BPS black hole horizons in four dimensional N=2 gauged supergravity coupled to $n_v$-vector multiplets and with an arbitrary cubic prepotential. We work in a symplectically covariant formalism which allows for both electric and magnetic gauging parameters as well as dyonic background charges and obtain the general solution to the BPS equations for horizons of the form $AdS_2\times Σ_g$. In particular this means we solve for the scalar fields as well as the metric of these black holes as a function of the gauging parameters and background charges. When the special Kahler manifol…
A manifestly covariant formulation of quantum field Maslov complex-WKB theory (semiclassical field theory) is investigated for the case of scalar field. The main object of the theory is "semiclassical bundle". Its base is the set of all classical states, fibers are Hilbert spaces of quantum states in the external field. Semiclassical Maslov states may be viewed as points or surfaces on the semiclassical bundle. Semiclassical analogs of QFT axioms are formulated. A relationship between covariant semiclassical field theory and Hamiltonian formulation is discussed. The constructions of axiomatic …
We present a formulation of the coupling of vector multiplets to N=2 supergravity which is symplectic covariant (and thus is not based on a prepotential) and uses superconformal tensor calculus. We do not start from an action, but from the combination of the generalised Bianchi identities of the vector multiplets in superspace, a symplectic definition of special Kahler geometry, and the supersymmetric partners of the corresponding constraints. These involve the breaking to super-Poincare symmetry, and lead to on-shell vector multiplets. This symplectic approach gives the framework to formulate…
We review an approach towards a covariant formulation of Matrix theory based on a discretization of the 11d membrane. Higher dimensional algebraic structures, such as the quantum triple Nambu bracket, naturally appear in this approach. We also discuss a novel geometric understanding of the space-time uncertainty relation which points towards a more geometric formulation of Matrix theory.
We extend the method of PST formulation to find a systematic way to covariantize several non-covariant Lagrangians of self-dual gauge fields. We derive in detail the necessary basic formulas which are used to prove the existence of extra local symmetry that allows us to gauge fix the auxiliary fields therein and non-covariant formulations are restored. We see that, the extra local symmetry in the PST and PSST formulations, which describe the covariant Lagrangians in the 6D decomposition of $6=1+5$ and $6=3+3$ respectively, can be expressed as a simple linear form in the field strength. However…
We construct a covariant formulation of the heterotic superstring on K3 times T^2 with manifest N=2 supersymmetry. We show how projective superspace appears naturally in the hybrid formulation giving a (partially) geometric interpretation of the harmonic parameter. The low-energy effective action for this theory is given by a non-standard form of N=2 supergravity which is intimately related to the N=1 old-minimal formulation. This formalism can be used to derive new descriptions of interacting projective superspace field theories using Berkovits' open string field theory and the the heterotic …
We discuss the covariant formulation of the dynamics of particles with abelian and non-abelian gauge charges in external fields. Using this formulation we develop an algorithm for the construction of constants of motion, which makes use of a generalization of the concept of Killing vectors and tensors in differential geometry. We apply the formalism to the motion of classical charges in abelian and non-abelian monopole fields
The problem of finding a formulation of Noether's theorem in noncommutative geometry is very important in order to obtain conserved currents and charges for particles in noncommutative spacetimes. In this paper, we formulate Noether's theorem for translations of kappa-Minkowski noncommutative spacetime on the basis of the 5-dimensional kappa-Poincare' covariant differential calculus. We focus our analysis on the simple case of free scalar theory. We obtain five conserved Noether currents, which give rise to five energy-momentum charges. By applying our result to plane waves it follows that the…
Worldline Formulations of Covariant Fracton Theories
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi”, Università di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学物理与天文系）；INFN, Sezione di Bologna（意大利国家核物理研究所博洛尼亚分部）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova（帕多瓦大学物理与天文系）；INFN, Sezione di Padova（意大利国家核物理研究所帕多瓦分部）
In the present paper the Yang-Mills theory in the first order formalism is studied. On classical level the first order formulation is equivalent to the standard second order description of the Yang-Mills theory. It is proven that both formulations remain equivalent on quantum level as well.
A twisted covariant formulation of noncommutative self-dual gravity is presented. The formulation for constructing twisted noncommutative Yang-Mills theories is used. It is shown that the noncommutative torsion is solved at any order of the $θ$-expansion in terms of the tetrad and some extra fields of the theory. In the process the first order expansion in $θ$ for the Plebański action is explicitly obtained.
We construct an explicit covariant Majorana formulation of Maxwell electromagnetism which does not make use of vector 4-potential. This allows to write a ``Dirac'' equation for the photon containing all the known properties of it. In particular, the spin and (intrinsic) boost matrices are derived and the helicity properties of the photon are studied.
We propose a simple method for deriving the constraints of the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley model in the metric and the Lagrangian formulation, as possible as keeping the Lorentz covariance. In our formulation, it is not necessary to use the Hamilton analysis, the vielbein formulation, nor the Stuckelberg trick for showing the Boulwer-Deser ghost-freeness. It realizes the Lorentz covariant expressions of the constraints in a certain parameter region.
We present a new approach to the quantization of the superstring. After a brief review of the classical Green-Schwarz formulation for the superstring and Berkovits' approach to its quantization based on pure spinors, we discuss our formulation without pure spinor constraints. In order to illustrate the ideas on which our work is based, we apply them to pure Yang-Mills theory. In the appendices, we include some background material for the Green-Schwarz and Berkovits formulations, in order that this presentation be self contained.
We give a gauge and manifestly SO(2,2) covariant formulation of the field theory of the self-dual string. The string fields are gauge connections that turn the super-Virasoro generators into covariant derivatives.
We perform the Lorentz-covariant non-Abelian gauging of supermembrane (M-2 brane) action. This is a generalization of our previous work based on teleparallel formulation, in which Lorentz covariance was not manifest. We introduce the Killing supervector ξ^{A I} with the adjoint index I for a non-Abelian gauge group H. This formulation is applicable to the compactification of supermembrane from eleven dimensions into D dimensions, such as H = SO(11-D) for the compactification M_{11} \to S^{11-D} \times M_D (1\le D \le 9).
We construct a double field theory coupled to the fields present in Vasiliev's equations. Employing the "semi-covariant" differential geometry, we spell a functional in which each term is completely covariant with respect to $\mathbf{O}(4,4)$ T-duality, doubled diffeomorphisms, $\mathbf{Spin}(1,3)$ local Lorentz symmetry and, separately, $\mathbf{HS}(4)$ higher spin gauge symmetry. We identify a minimal set of BPS-like conditions whose solutions automatically satisfy the full Euler-Lagrange equations. As such a solution, we derive a linear dilaton vacuum. With extra algebraic constraints furth…
We present a static multi-center magnetic solution of toroidally compactified heterotic string theory, which is T-duality covariant. The space-time geometry depends on the mass M and on the O(6,22)-norm N of the magnetic charges. For different range of parameters (M,N)-solution includes 1) two independent positive parameters extremal magnetic black holes with non-singular geometry in stringy frame ($a=1$ black holes included), 2) $a=\sqrt 3$ extremal black holes, 3) singular massive and massless magnetic white holes (repulsons). The electric multi-center solution is also given in an O(6,22)-sy…
The covariant Hamilton-Jacobi formulation of Maxwell's equations is derived from the first-order (Palatini-like) Lagrangian using the analysis of constraints within the De~Donder-Weyl covariant Hamiltonian formalism and the corresponding polysymplectic reduction.
We study the superconformal index of $\mathcal N=1$ quiver theories at large-$N$ for general values of electric charges and angular momenta, using both the Bethe Ansatz formulation and the more recent elliptic extension method. We are particularly interested in the case of unequal angular momenta, $J_1\ne J_2$, which has only been partially considered in the literature. We revisit the previous computation with the Bethe Ansatz formulation with generic angular momenta and extend it to encompass a large class of competing exponential terms. In the process, we also provide a simplified derivation…
The analogue of the Poisson bracket for the De Donder-Weyl (DW) Hamiltonian formulation of field theory is proposed. We start from the Hamilton- Poincaré-Cartan (HPC) form of the multidimensional variational calculus and define the bracket on the differential forms over the space-time (=horizontal forms). This bracket is related to the Schouten-Nijenhuis bracket of the multivector fields which are associated with the horizontal forms by means of the "polysymplectic form". The latter is given by the HPC form and generalizes the symplectic form to field theory. We point out that the algebra of f…
We developed a gauge-covariant formulation of the non-equilibrium Green function method for the dynamical and/or non-uniform electromagnetic field by means of the deformational quantization method. Such a formulation is realized by replacing the Moyal product in the so-called Wigner space by the star product, and facilitates the order-by-order calculation of a gauge-invariant observable in terms of the electromagnetic field. An application of this formalism to the linear response theory is discussed.
Two recently found coupled BPS submodels of the Skyrme model are further analyzed. Firstly, we provide a geometrical formulation of the submodels in terms of the eigenvalues of the strain tensor. Secondly, we study their thermodynamical properties and show that the mean-field equations of state coincide at high pressure and read $p=\barρ/3$. We also provide evidence that matter described by the first BPS submodel has some similarity with a Bose-Einstein condensate. Moreover, we show that extending the second submodel to a non-BPS model by including certain additional terms of the full Skyrme m…
Causality is studied in the covariant formulation of free string field theory (SFT). We find that, though the string field in the covariant formulation is a functional of the ghost coordinates as well as the space-time coordinate and the latter contains the time-like oscillators with negative norm, the condition for the commutator of two open string fields to vanish is simply given by $\int_0^πdσ\left(ΔX^μ(σ)\right)^2 >0$, which is the same condition as in the light-cone gauge SFT. For closed SFT, the corresponding condition is given in a form which is manifestly invariant under the rigid shif…
Using our recent proposal for defining gauge invariant averages we give a general-covariant formulation of the so-called cosmological "backreaction". Our effective covariant equations allow us to describe in explicitly gauge invariant form the way classical or quantum inhomogeneities affect the average evolution of our Universe.
