载流器件中的谱函数
Accessing the spectral function in a current-carrying device
摘要：
在物质中存在电输运电流是非平衡物理学最简单和最重要的实现之一。电流密度打破了晶体对称性，并可能引起戏剧性的现象，如滑动电荷密度波[1]，绝缘体到金属的转变[2，3]或拓扑保护状态中的间隙开口[4]。几乎没有人知道电流如何影响电子光谱函数，而电子光谱函数表征了大多数固体的电子，光学和化学性质。在这里，我们表明，角分辨光电子能谱与纳米尺度的光点（nanoARPES）不仅提供了丰富的信息，局部平衡属性，但也打开了可能性，以访问本地非平衡光谱功能的存在下，传输电流。以这种方式统一光谱和传输测量允许在高电流密度存在下对组成、结构、多体效应和载流子迁移率进行非侵入性局部测量。
英文摘要：
The presence of an electrical transport current in a material is one of the simplest and most important realisations of non-equilibrium physics. The current density breaks the crystalline symmetry and can give rise to dramatic phenomena, such as sliding charge density waves [1], insulator-to-metal transitions [2,3] or gap openings in topologically protected states [4]. Almost nothing is known about how a current influences the electron spectral function, which characterizes most of the solid's electronic, optical and chemical properties. Here we show that angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with a nano-scale light spot (nanoARPES) provides not only a wealth of information on local equilibrium properties, but also opens the possibility to access the local non-equilibrium spectral function in the presence of a transport current. Unifying spectroscopic and transport measurements in this way allows non-invasive local measurements of the composition, structure, many-body effects and carrier mobility in the presence of high current densities.
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