We introduce a class of posets, which includes both ribbon posets (skew shapes) and $d$-complete posets, such that their number of linear extensions is given by a determinant of a matrix whose entries are products of hook lengths. We also give $q$-analogues of this determinantal formula in terms of the major index and inversion statistics. As applications, we give families of tree posets whose numbers of linear extensions are given by generalizations of Euler numbers, we draw relations to Naruse-Okada's positive formulas for the number of linear extensions of skew $d$-complete posets, and we give polynomiality results analogous to those of descent polynomials by Diaz-López, Harris, Insko, Omar, and Sagan.
Linear extensions of posets are important objects in enumerative and algebraic combinatorics that are difficult to count in general. Families of posets like Young diagrams of straight shapes and $d$-complete posets have hook-length product formulas to count linear extensions, whereas families like Young diagrams of skew shapes have determinant or positive sum formulas like the Naruse hook-length formula from 2014. In 2020, Garver et. al. gave determinant formulas to count linear extensions of a family of posets called mobile posets that refine $d$-complete posets and border strip skew shapes. …
Peterson and Proctor obtained a formula which expresses the multivariate generating function for $P$-partitions on a $d$-complete poset $P$ as a product in terms of hooks in $P$. In this paper, we give a skew generalization of Peterson--Proctor's hook formula, i.e., a formula for the generating function for $(P \setminus F)$-partitions for a $d$-complete poset $P$ and its order filter $F$, by using the notion of excited diagrams. Our proof uses the Billey-type formula and the Chevalley-type formula in the equivariant $K$-theory of Kac--Moody partial flag varieties. This generalization provides…
We define a new natural partial order on Motzkin paths that serves as an intermediate step between two previously-studied partial orders. We provide a bijection between valid hook configurations of $312$-avoiding permutations and intervals in these new posets. We also show that valid hook configurations of permutations avoiding $132$ (or equivalently, $231$) are counted by the same numbers that count intervals in the Motzkin-Tamari posets that Fang recently introduced, and we give an asymptotic formula for these numbers. We then proceed to enumerate valid hook configurations of permutations av…
In this article, we evaluate determinants of block hook matrices, which are block matrices consist of hook matrices. In particular, we deduce that the determinant of a block hook matrix factorizes nicely. In addition we give a combinatorial interpretation of the aforesaid factorization property by counting weighted paths in a suitable weighted digraph.
The hook length formula for $d$-complete posets states that the $P$-partition generating function for them is given by a product in terms of hook lengths. We give a new proof of the hook length formula using $q$-integrals. The proof is done by a case-by-case analysis consisting of two steps. First, we express the $P$-partition generating function for each case as a $q$-integral and then we evaluate the $q$-integrals. Several $q$-integrals are evaluated using partial fraction expansion identities and others are verified by computer.
We study Okada's conjecture on $(q,t)$-hook formula of general $d$-complete posets. Proctor classified $d$-complete posets into 15 irreducible ones. We try to give a case-by-case proof of Okada's $(q,t)$-hook formula conjecture using the symmetric functions. Here we give a proof of the conjecture for birds and banners, in which we use Gasper's identity for VWP-series ${}_{12}W_{11}$.
We consider the matrix ${\frak Z}_P=Z_P+Z_P^t$, where the entries of $Z_P$ are the values of the zeta function of the finite poset $P$. We give a combinatorial interpretation of the determinant of ${\frak Z}_P$ and establish a recursive formula for this determinant in the case in which $P$ is a boolean algebra.
Using a modified version of jeu de taquin, Novelli, Pak and Stoyanovskii gave a bijective proof of the hook-length formula for counting standard Young tableaux of fixed shape. In this paper we consider a natural extension of jeu de taquin to arbitrary posets. Given a poset P, jeu de taquin defines a map from the set of bijective labelings of the poset elements with $\{1,2,...,|P|\}$ to the set of linear extensions of the poset. One question of particular interest is for which posets this map yields each linear extension equally often. We analyze the double-tailed diamond poset $D_{m,n}$ and sh…
Recently, a simple proof of the hook length formula was given via the branching rule. In this paper, we extend the results to shifted tableaux. We give a bijective proof of the branching rule for the hook lengths for shifted tableaux; present variants of this rule, including weighted versions; and make the first tentative steps toward a bijective proof of the hook length formula for d-complete posets.
We describe an infinite family of non-Plücker cluster variables inside the double Bruhat cell cluster algebra defined by Berenstein, Fomin, and Zelevinsky. These cluster variables occur in a family of subalgebras of the double Bruhat cell cluster algebra which we call Double Rim Hook (DRH) cluster algebras. We discover that all of the cluster variables are determinants of matrices of special form. We conjecture that all the cluster variables of the double Bruhat-cell cluster algebra have similar determinant form. We notice the resemblance between our staircase diagram and Auslander-Reiten quiv…
Hooks are prominent in representation theory (of symmetric groups) and they play a role in number theory (via cranks associated to Ramanujan's congruences). A partition of a positive integer $n$ has a Young diagram representation. To each cell in the diagram there is an associated statistic called hook length, and if a number $t$ is absent from the diagram then the partition is called a $t$-core. A partition is an $(s,t)$-core if it is both an $s$- and a $t$-core. Since the work of Anderson on $(s,t)$-cores, the topic has received a growing attention. This paper expands the discussion to multi…
Although d-complete posets arose along the interface between algebraic combinatorics and Lie theory, they are defined using only requirements on their local structure. These posets are a mutual generalization of rooted trees, shapes, and shifted shapes. They possess Stanley's hook product property for their P-partition generating functions and Schutzenberger's well defined jeu de taquin rectification property. The original definition of d-complete poset was lengthy, but more succinct definitions were later developed. Here several definitions are shown to be equivalent. The basic properties of …
We give new product formulas for the number of standard Young tableaux of certain skew shapes and for the principal evaluation of the certain Schubert polynomials. These are proved by utilizing symmetries for evaluations of factorial Schur functions, extensively studied in the first two papers in the series "Hook formulas for skew shapes" [arxiv:1512.08348, arxiv:1610.04744]. We also apply our technology to obtain determinantal and product formulas for the partition function of certain weighted lozenge tilings, and give various probabilistic and asymptotic applications.
Motivated by the Nekrasov-Okounkov formula on hook lengths, the first author conjectured that the Plancherel average of the $2k$-th power sum of hook lengths of partitions with size $n$ is always a polynomial of $n$ for any $k\in \mathbb{N}$. This conjecture was generalized and proved by Stanley (Ramanujan J., 23(1--3): 91--105, 2010). In this paper, inspired by the work of Stanley and Olshanski on the differential poset of Young lattice, we study the properties of two kinds of difference operators $D$ and $D^-$ defined on functions of partitions. Even though the calculations for higher orders…
We give new bounds and asymptotic estimates on the number of standard Young tableaux of skew shape in a variety of special cases. Our approach is based on Naruse's hook-length formula. We also compare our bounds with the existing bounds on the numbers of linear extensions of the corresponding posets.
Young tableaux are ubiquitous in various branches of mathematics. There are two counting formulas for standard Young tableaux. The first involves a determinant and goes back to Frobenius and Young, and the second is the hook formula by Frame, Robinson and Thrall. We present a generalization of the determinant formula for semistandard Young tableaux of given shape and of given content. Our counting formula -- though not a determinant -- is a generalization of the determinant formula by Frobenius and Young.
We give a closed formula for the number of partitions $λ$ of $n$ such that the corresponding irreducible representation $V_λ$ of $S_n$ has non-trivial determinant. We determine how many of these partitions are self-conjugate and how many are hooks. This is achieved by characterizing the $2$-core towers of such partitions. We also obtain a formula for the number of partitions of $n$ such that the associated permutation representation of $S_n$ has non-trivial determinant.
Recently, Naruse discovered a hook length formula for the number of standard Young tableaux of a skew shape. Morales, Pak and Panova found two $q$-analogs of Naruse's hook length formula over semistandard Young tableaux (SSYTs) and reverse plane partitions (RPPs). As an application of their formula, they expressed certain $q$-Euler numbers, which are generating functions for SSYTs and RPPs of a zigzag border strip, in terms of weighted Dyck paths. They found a determinantal formula for the generating function for SSYTs of a skew staircase shape and proposed two conjectures related to RPPs of t…
Given finite posets $P$ and $Q$, we consider a specific ideal $L(P,Q)$, whose minimal monomial generators correspond to order-preserving maps $ϕ:P\rightarrow Q$. We study algebraic invariants of those ideals. In particular, sharp lower and upper bounds for the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity and the projective dimension are provided. Precise formulas are obtained for a large subclass of these ideals. Moreover, we provide complete characterizations for several algebraic properties of $L(P,Q)$, including being Buchsbaum, Cohen-Macaulay, Gorenstein and having a linear resolution. We also give a pa…
We give combinatorial proofs of $q$-Stirling identities using restricted growth words. This includes a poset theoretic proof of Carlitz's identity, a new proof of the $q$-Frobenius identity of Garsia and Remmel and of Ehrenborg's Hankel $q$-Stirling determinantal identity. We also develop a two parameter generalization to unify identities of Mercier and include a symmetric function version.
Often in mathematics it is useful to summarize a multivariate phenomenon with a single number and in fact, the determinant -- which is represented by det -- is one of the simplest cases. In fact, this number it is defined only for square matrices and a lot of its properties are very well-known. For instance, the determinant is a multiplicative function, i.e. det(AB)=detA detB, but it is not, in general, an additive function. Another interesting function in the matrix analysis is the characteristic polynomial -- in fact, given a matrix A, this function is defined by $p_A(t)=det(tI-A)$ where I i…
