In Monstrous moonshine, genus 0 property and the notion of replicability are strongly connected. With regards to recent developments of moonshine, we investigate a higher genus generalization of replicability for a general automorphic form. Specifically, we extend the definitions of replicates and a Hecke operator to harmonic Maass functions on modular curves of higher genera to obtain number theoretic generalizations of important results in Monstrous moonshine. Furthermore, we show the utility of the extended notions in yielding uniform proofs for numerous arithmetic properties of Fourier coefficients of modular functions of arbitrary level, which have been proved only for special cases of curves of genus zero or small prime levels.
We prove that Cohen's Maass wave form and Li-Ngo-Rhoades' Maass wave form are Hecke eigenforms with respect to certain Hecke operators. As a corollary, we find new identities of the $p$th coefficients of these Maass wave forms in terms of $p$th root of unities.
This work contains a proof of a non-trivial explicit quantitative bound in the eigenvalue aspect for the sup-norm of a SL(3,Z) Hecke-Maass cusp form restricted to a compact set.
Let $f$ be a normalized Hecke-Maass cusp form of weight zero for the group $SL_2(\mathbb Z)$. This article presents several quantitative results about the distribution of Hecke eigenvalues of $f$. Applications to the $Ω_{\pm}$-results for the Hecke eigenvalues of $f$ and its symmetric square sym$^2(f)$ are also given.
Conditionally on the Generalized Lindelöf Hypothesis, we obtain an asymptotic for the fourth moment of Hecke Maass cusp forms of large Laplacian eigenvalue for the full modular group. This lends support to the Random Wave Conjecture.
We investigate the existence of large values of L-functions attached to Maass forms on the critical line with prescribed argument. The results obtained rely on the resonance method developed by Soundararajan and furthered by Hough.
Suppose $π_1$ and $π_2$ are two Hecke-Maass cusp forms for $SL(3,\mathbb{Z})$ such that for all primitive character $χ$ we have $$ L(\tfrac{1}{2},π_1\otimesχ)=L(\tfrac{1}{2},π_2\otimesχ). $$ Then we show that $π_1=π_2$.
We construct Hecke operators acting on Maass waveforms of integer non-zero weight and transforming according to a non-trivial multiplier system on the modular group. Using these Hecke operators we obtain multiplicativity relations for the Fourier coefficients of such Maass waveforms. These relations generalize the usual weight zero relations. We also obtain an unexpected relation between coefficients with positive and negative indices with a constant of proportionality involving the Laplace eigenvalue. Numerical examples of multiplicativity relations are given at the end of the paper.
We introduce a new trace formula of Kuznetsov type involving the central standard L-values and the Whittaker periods of cuspidal automorphic representations of PGL_n(Q) which are spherical at the archimedean place. As an application, we show a simultaneous non-vanishing of standard L-values at n-1 points on the critical strip for infinitely many Hecke-Maass cuspidal newforms.
We prove that given a Hecke-Maass form $f$ for $\text{SL}(2, \mathbb{Z})$ and a sufficiently large prime $q$, there exists a primitive Dirichlet character $χ$ of conductor $q$ such that the $L$-values $L(\tfrac{1}{2}, f \otimes χ)$ and $L(\tfrac{1}{2}, χ)$ do not vanish. We expect the same method to work for any large integer $q$.
We show that Landau-Siegel zeros for Dirichlet $L$-functions do not exist or quantum unique ergodicity for $\mathrm{GL}_2$ Hecke-Maass newforms holds with an effective rate of convergence. This follows from a more general result: Landau-Siegel zeros of Dirichlet $L$-functions repel the zeros of all other automorphic $L$-functions from the line $\mathrm{Re}(s)=1$.
Let E_lambda be the Hilbert space spanned by the eigenfunctions of the non-Euclidean Laplacian associated with a positive discrete eigenvalue lambda. In this paper, the trace of Hecke operators T_n acting on the space E_lambda is computed for Hecke congruence subgroups Gamma_0(N) of non-square free level. This extends the computation of Conrey-Li [2], where only Hecke congruence subgroups Gamma_0(N) of square free level N were considered.
For integers $k\geq 2$, we study two differential operators on harmonic weak Maass forms of weight $2-k$. The operator $ξ_{2-k}$ (resp. $D^{k-1}$) defines a map to the space of weight $k$ cusp forms (resp. weakly holomorphic modular forms). We leverage these operators to study coefficients of harmonic weak Maass forms. Although generic harmonic weak Maass forms are expected to have transcendental coefficients, we show that those forms which are "dual" under $ξ_{2-k}$ to newforms with vanishing Hecke eigenvalues (such as CM forms) have algebraic coefficients. Using regularized inner products, w…
We give an adelic treatment of the Kuznetsov trace formula as a relative trace formula on GL(2) over Q. The result is a variant which incorporates a Hecke eigenvalue in addition to two Fourier coefficients on the spectral side. We include a proof of a Weil bound for the generalized twisted Kloosterman sums which arise on the geometric side. As an application, we show that the Hecke eigenvalues of Maass forms at a fixed prime, when weighted as in the Kuznetsov formula, become equidistributed relative to the Sato-Tate measure in the limit as the level goes to infinity.
Let $f$ and $g$ be two Hecke-Maass cusp forms of weight zero for $SL_2(\mathbb Z)$ with Laplacian eigenvalues $\frac{1}{4}+u^2$ and $\frac{1}{4}+v^2$, respectively. Then both have real Fourier coefficients say, $λ_f(n)$ and $λ_g(n)$, and we may normalize $f$ and $g$ so that $λ_f(1)=1=λ_g(1)$. In this article, we first prove that the sequence $\{λ_f(n)λ_g(n)\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ has infinitely many sign changes. Then we derive a bound for the first negative coefficient for the same sequence in terms of the Laplacian eigenvalues of $f$ and $g$.
In this note, we prove that given a Hecke-Maass cusp form $f$ for $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$ and a sufficiently large integer $q=q_1q_2$ with $q_j\asymp \sqrt{q}$ being prime numbers for $j=1,2$, there exists a primitive Dirichlet character $χ$ of conductor $q$ such that $L\left(\frac{1}{2},f\otimes χ\right)L\left(\frac{1}{2},χ\right)\neq 0$. To prove this, we establish asymptotic formulas of $L\left(\frac{1}{2},f\otimes χ\right)L\left(\frac{1}{2},χ\right)$ over the family of even primitive Dirichlet characters $χ$ of conductor $q$ for more general $q$.
Let E_lambda be a Hilbert space, whose elements are functions spanned by the eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator associated with an eigenvalue lambda>0. The norm of elements in this space is given by the Petersson inner product. In this paper, the trace of Hecke operators T_n acting on the space E_lambda is computed for congruence subgroups of Gamma_0(N) of square free level, which may be considered as the analogue of the Eichler-Selberg trace formula [11] for non-holomorphyic cusp forms of weight zero.
Let $ϕ$ denote a primitive Hecke-Maass cusp form for $Γ_o(N)$ with the Laplacian eigenvalue $λ_ϕ=1/4+t_ϕ^2$. In this work we show that there exists a prime $p$ such that $p\nmid N$, $|α_{p}|=|β_{p}| = 1$, and $p\ll(N(1+|t_ϕ|))^c$, where $α_{p},\;β_{p}$ are the Satake parameters of $ϕ$ at $p$, and $c$ is an absolute constant with $0<c<1$. In fact, $c$ can be taken as $0.27332$. In addition, we prove that the natural density of such primes $p$ ($p\nmid N$ and $|α_{p}|=|β_{p}| = 1$) is at least $34/35$.
We address the problem of identifying a Hecke-Maass cusp form $f$ of full level from the central values of the Rankin-Selberg $L$-functions $L(1/2,f\otimes h)$ where $h$ runs through the set of Hecke-Maass eigenforms of full level. We prove a quantitative result in this direction.
Let $H$ be a semisimple algebraic group, $K$ a maximal compact subgroup of $G:=H(\mathbb{R})$, and $Γ\subset H(\mathbb{Q})$ a congruence arithmetic subgroup. In this paper, we generalize existing subconvex bounds for Hecke-Maass forms on the locally symmetric space $Γ\backslash G/K$ to corresponding bounds on the arithmetic quotient $Γ\backslash G$ for cocompact lattices using the spectral function of an elliptic operator. The bounds obtained extend known subconvex bounds for automorphic forms to non-trivial $K$-types, yielding subconvex bounds for new classes of automorphic representations, a…
We consider sign changes of Fourier coefficients of Hecke-Maass cusp forms for the group $\mathrm{SL}_3(\mathbb Z)$. When the underlying form is self-dual, we show that there are $\gg_\varepsilon X^{5/6-\varepsilon}$ sign changes among the coefficients $\{A(m,1)\}_{m\leq X}$ and that there is a positive proportion of sign changes for many self-dual forms. Similar result concerning the positive proportion of sign changes also hold for the real-valued coefficients $A(m,m)$ for generic $\mathrm{GL}_3$ cusp forms, a result which is based on a new effective Sato-Tate type theorem for a family of $\…
We study the $1$- or $2$-level density of families of $L$-functions for Hecke--Maass forms over an imaginary quadratic field $F$. For test functions whose Fourier transform is supported in $\left(-\frac 32, \frac 32\right)$, we prove that the $1$-level density for Hecke--Maass forms over $F$ of square-free level $\mathfrak{q}$, as $\mathrm{N}(\mathfrak{q})$ tends to infinity, agrees with that of the orthogonal random matrix ensembles. For Hecke--Maass forms over $F$ of full level, we prove similar statements for the $1$- and $2$-level densities, as the Laplace eigenvalues tends to infinity.
We prove a uniform estimate for sums of Hecke--Maass eigenvalues squared over primes in short intervals that can be regarded as an analogue of Hoheisel's classical prime number theorem for all real analytic cusp forms. Our argument is modelled after our treatment of Linnik's least prime number theorem for arithmetic progressions (Tata LN 72) and depends on recent works in the theory of automorphic representations. We stress that constants in the present work, including those implicit, are all universal and effectively computable, although we pay no particular attention to numerical precision. …
We study sums of Hecke eigenvalues of Hecke-Maass cusp forms for the group $\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb Z)$, with general $n\geq 3$, over certain short intervals under the assumption of the generalised Lindelöf hypothesis and a slightly stronger upper bound concerning the exponent towards the Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture that is currently known. In particular, in this case we evaluate the second moment of the sums in question asymptotically.
We establish the Sato-Tate equidistribution of Hecke eigenvalues on average for families of Hecke--Maass cusp forms on SL(n,R)/SO(n). For each of the principal, symmetric square and exterior square L-functions we verify that the families are essentially cuspidal and deduce the level distribution with restricted support of the low-lying zeros. We also deduce average estimates toward Ramanujan.
Let $q:=e^{2 πiz}$, where $z \in \mathbb{H}$. For an even integer $k$, let $f(z):=q^h\prod_{m=1}^{\infty}(1-q^m)^{c(m)}$ be a meromorphic modular form of weight $k$ on $Γ_0(N)$. For a positive integer $m$, let $T_m$ be the $m$th Hecke operator and $D$ be a divisor of a modular curve with level $N$. Both subjects, the exponents $c(m)$ of a modular form and the distribution of the points in the support of $T_m. D$, have been widely investigated. When the level $N$ is one, Bruinier, Kohnen, and Ono obtained, in terms of the values of $j$-invariant function, identities between the exponents $c(m)$…
We show that for a positive proportion of Laplace eigenvalues $λ_j$ the associated Hecke-Maass $L$-functions $L(s,u_j)$ approximate with arbitrary precision any target function $f(s)$ on a closed disc with center in $3/4$ and radius $r<1/4$. The main ingredients in the proof are the spectral large sieve of Deshouillers-Iwaniec and Sarnak's equidistribution theorem for Hecke eigenvalues.
Let $j(z)$ be the modular $j$-invariant function. Let $τ$ be an algebraic number in the complex upper half plane $\mathbb{H}$. It was proved by Schneider and Siegel that if $τ$ is not a CM point, i.e., $[\mathbb{Q}(τ):\mathbb{Q}]\neq2$, then $j(τ)$ is transcendental. Let $f$ be a harmonic weak Maass form of weight $0$ on $Γ_0(N)$. In this paper, we consider an extension of the results of Schneider and Siegel to a family of values of $f$ on Hecke orbits of $τ$. For a positive integer $m$, let $T_m$ denote the $m$-th Hecke operator. Suppose that the coefficients of the principal part of $f$ at t…
In this article, we prove an omega-result for the Hecke eigenvalues $λ_F(n)$ of Maass forms $F$ which are Hecke eigenforms in the space of Siegel modular forms of weight $k$, genus two for the Siegel modular group $Sp_2(\Z)$. In particular, we prove $$ λ_F(n)= Ω(n^{k-1}\text{exp} (c \frac{\sqrt{\log n}}{\log\log n})), $$ when $c>0$ is an absolute constant. This improves the earlier result $$ λ_F(n)= Ω(n^{k-1} (\frac{\sqrt{\log n}}{\log\log n})) $$ of Das and the third author. We also show that for any $n \ge 3$, one has $$ λ_F(n) \leq n^{k-1}\text{exp} \left(c_1\sqrt{\frac{\log n}{\log\log n}}…
Let $F$ be a totally real number field, $\mathcal{O}_{F}$ the ring of integers, $\mathfrak a$ and $\mathfrak I$ integral ideals and let $χ$ a character of $\mathbb{A}_F^\times/F^\times$. For each prime ideal $\mathfrak{p}$ in $\mathcal{O}_{F}$, $\mathfrak{p}\nmid \mathfrak{I}$ let $T_{\mathfrak{p}}$ be the Hecke operator acting on the space of Maass cusp forms on $L^2(\mathrm{GL}_{2}(F) \backslash \mathrm{GL}_{2}(\mathbb{A}_F))$. In this paper we investigate the distribution of joint eigenvalues of the Hecke operators $T_{\mathfrak{p}}$ and of the Casimir operators $C_{j}$ in each archimedean …
In this paper, we describe the asymptotic distribution of Hecke eigenvalues in the Laplace eigenvalue aspect for certain families of Hecke-Maass forms on compact arithmetic quotients. Instead of relying on the trace formula, which was the primary tool in preceding studies on the subject, we use Fourier integral operator methods. This allows us to treat not only spherical, but also non-spherical Hecke-Maass forms with corresponding remainder estimates. Our asymptotic formulas are available for arbitrary simple and connected algebraic groups over number fields with cocompact arithmetic subgroups…
We construct two families of harmonic Maass Hecke eigenforms. This construction answers a question of Mazur about the existence of an "eigencurve-type" object in the world of harmonic Maass forms. Using these families, we construct $p$-adic harmonic Maass forms in the sense of Serre.
Let $f$ be a Hecke--Maass cuspidal newform of square-free level $N$ and Laplacian eigenvalue $λ$. It is shown that $\pnorm{f}_\infty \ll_{λ,ε} N^{-1/6}+ε} \pnorm{f}_2$ for any $ε>0$.
We present examples of Maass forms on Hecke congruence groups, giving low eigenvalues on $Γ_0(p)$ for small prime $p$, and the first 1000 eigenvalues for $Γ_0(11)$. We also present calculations of the $L$-functions associated to the Maass forms and make comparisons to the predictions from random matrix theory.
We prove a quantitative statement of the quantum ergodicity for Hecke--Maass cusp forms on the modular surface. As an application of our result, along a density $1$ subsequence of even Hecke--Maass cusp forms, we obtain a sharp lower bound for the $L^2$-norm of the restriction to a fixed compact geodesic segment of $η=\{iy~:~y>0\} \subset \mathbb{H}$. We also obtain an upper bound of $O_ε\left(t_ϕ^{3/8+ε}\right)$ for the $L^\infty$ norm along a density $1$ subsequence of Hecke--Maass cusp forms; for such forms, this is an improvement over the upper bound of $O_ε\left(t_ϕ^{5/12+ε}\right)$ given…
By a transfer operator approach to Maass cusp forms and the Selberg zeta function for cofinite Hecke triangle groups, M. Möller and the author found a factorization of the Selberg zeta function into a product of Fredholm determinants of transfer-operator-like families: $Z(s) = \det(1-\mc L_s^+)\det(1-\mc L_s^-)$. In this article we show that the operator families $\mc L_s^\pm$ arise as families of transfer operators for the triangle groups underlying the Hecke triangle groups, and that for $s\in\C$, $\Rea s=\tfrac12$, the operator $\mc L_s^+$ (resp. $\mc L_s^-$) has a 1-eigenfunction if and on…
In this paper, we explicitly construct harmonic Maass forms that map to the weight one theta series associated by Hecke to odd ray class group characters of real quadratic fields. From this construction, we give precise arithmetic information contained in the Fourier coefficients of the holomorphic part of the harmonic Maass form, establishing the main part of a conjecture of the second author.
The standard realization of the Hecke algebra on classical holomorphic cusp forms and the corresponding period polynomials is well known. In this article we consider a nonstandard realization of the Hecke algebra on Maass cusp forms for the Hecke congruence subgroups Gamma_0(n). We show that the vector valued period functions derived recently by Hilgert, Mayer and Movasati as special eigenfunctions of the transfer operator for Gamma_0(n) are indeed related to the Maass cusp forms for these groups. This leads also to a simple interpretation of the ``Hecke like'' operators of these authors in te…
In this paper, we construct Shintani lifts from integral weight weakly holomorphic modular forms to half-integral weight weakly holomorphic modular forms. Although defined by different methods, these coincide with the classical Shintani lifts when restricted to the space of cusp forms. As a side effect, this gives the coefficients of the classical Shintani lifts as new cycle integrals. This yields new formulas for the $L$-values of Hecke eigenforms. When restricted to the space of weakly holomorphic modular forms orthogonal to cusp forms, the Shintani lifts introduce a definition of weakly hol…
Let $π$ be a Hecke-Maass cusp form for $SL(3,\mathbb Z)$ and $f$ be a holomorphic (or Maass) Hecke form for $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$. In this paper we prove the following subconvex bound $$ L\left(\tfrac{1}{2}+it,π\times f\right)\ll_{π,f,\varepsilon} (1+|t|)^{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{42}+\varepsilon}. $$
Utilizing the theory of the Poisson transform, we develop some new concrete models for the Hecke theory in a space $M_λ(N)$ of Maass forms with eigenvalue $1/4-λ^2$ on a congruence subgroup $Γ_1(N)$. We introduce the field $F_λ = {\mathbb Q} (λ,\sqrt{n}, n^{λ/2} \mid ñ\in {\mathbb N})$ so that $F_λ$ consists entirely of algebraic numbers if $λ= 0$. The main result of the paper is the following. For a packet $Φ= (ν_p \mid p\nmid N)$ of Hecke eigenvalues occurring in $M_λ(N)$ we then have that either every $ν_p$ is algebraic over $F_λ$, or else $Φ$ will - for some $m\in {\mathbb N}$ - occur in t…
We explicitly construct cusp forms on the orthogonal group of signature $(1,8n+1)$ for an arbitrary natural number $n$ as liftings from Maass cusp forms of level one. In our previous works, the fundamental tool to show the automorphy of the lifting was the converse theorem by Maass. In this paper, we use the Fourier expansion of the theta lifts by Borcherds instead. We also study cuspidal representations generated by such cusp forms and show that they are irreducible and that all of their non-archimedean local components are non-tempered while the archimedean component is tempered, if the Maas…
Let $f$ be a holomorphic or Maass Hecke cusp form for the full modular group and write $λ_f(n)$ for the corresponding Hecke eigenvalues. We are interested in the signs of those eigenvalues. In the holomorphic case, we show that for some positive constant $δ$ and every large enough $x$, the sequence $(λ_f(n))_{n \leq x}$ has at least $δx$ sign changes. Furthermore we show that half of non-zero $λ_f(n)$ are positive and half are negative. In the Maass case, it is not yet known that the coefficients are non-lacunary, but our method is robust enough to show that on the relative set of non-zero coe…
In this paper, we explicitly construct mock modular forms whose shadows are Eisenstein series of arbitrary integral and half-integral weight, level and character at the cusps $\infty$ and $0$. As an application, we give explicit construction of harmonic weak Maass forms which are Hecke eigenforms and are the preimages of $Θ^k, k \in \{ 3, 5, 7\}$ under the shadow operator, where $Θ$ is the classical Jacobi theta function.
Let ψbe a Hecke-Maass form on a cubic division algebra over \Q. We apply arithmetic amplification to improve the local bound for the L^2 norm of ψrestricted to maximal flat subspaces.
For a fixed SL(3, Z) Maass form g, we consider the family of L-functions L(g \times u_j, s) where u_j runs over the family of Hecke-Maass cusp forms on SL(2,Z). We obtain an estimate for the second moment of this family of L-functions at the special points \half + it_j consistent with the Lindelöf Hypothesis. We also obtain a similar upper bound on the sixth moment of the family of Hecke-Maass cusp forms at these special points; this is apparently the first occurrence of a Lindelöf-consistent estimate for a sixth power moment of a family of GL(2) L-functions.
