光谱学和电子显微镜揭示了第一张彩色照片的起源
Spectroscopies and electron microscopies unravel the origin of the first colour photographs
摘要：
第一张彩色照片是由Edmond Becquerel于1848年推出的。这些光致变色图像颜色的性质在19世纪引发了科学家之间的争论，至今仍未解决。我们提出了化学分析（EDX，HAXPES和EXAFS）和形态学研究（SEM，STEM）的结果，旨在解释光致变色图像的光学性质（紫外-可见光谱和低损耗EELS）。我们排除了自1848年以来盛行的两种假设（颜料和干扰），分别基于形成敏化层的化合物的氧化程度和周期性间隔的光解银平面的变化。对着色层中所含的银纳米颗粒分散体的研究显示了每种颜色的纳米颗粒的特定定位和尺寸分布。这些结果使我们能够制定一个等离子体假说的起源的光致变色图像的颜色。
英文摘要：
The first colours photographs were created by a process introduced by Edmond Becquerel in 1848. The nature of these photochromatic images colours motivated a debate between scientists during the 19th century, which is still not settled. We present the results of chemical analysis (EDX, HAXPES and EXAFS) and morphology studies (SEM, STEM) aiming at explaining the optical properties of the photochromatic images (UV-visible spectroscopy and low loss EELS). We rule out the two hypotheses (pigment and interferences) that have prevailed since 1848, respectively based on variations in the oxidation degree of the compound forming the sensitized layer and periodically spaced photolytic silver planes. A study of the silver nanoparticles dispersions contained in the coloured layers showed specific localizations and size distributions of the nanoparticles for each colour. These results allow us to formulate a plasmonic hypothesis on the origin of the photochromatic images colours.
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