基于企业间电汇的供应链网络建模
Modeling Supply-Chain Networks with Firm-to-Firm Wire Transfers
摘要：
我们研究了一种新的经济网络（供应链），包括电汇（电子支付交易）之间的宇宙中的公司在巴西（620万公司）。我们构造了一个有向加权网络，其中顶点代表城市，边代表城市之间的成对经济依赖。城市（顶点）表示该位置的所有公司的集合，链接表示城际电汇。我们发现，在贸易网络中的城市之间的经济一体化程度很高，这与巴西城市的高度专业化是一致的。我们能够使用中心性网络测量来确定哪些城市在整个供应链过程中起主导作用。我们发现，贸易网络有一个discretative混合模式，这是符合幂律形状的企业规模分布在巴西。在2014年巴西经济衰退之后，我们发现，由于许多小企业的死亡以及随之而来的经济流向大企业的集中，分散性变得更加强大。我们的研究结果表明，经济衰退对贸易网络产生了很大的影响，对各城市产生了有意义的和异质的经济后果。我们运行计量经济学的练习，发现法院的效率起着双重作用。从客户的角度来看，它在减少合同摩擦方面发挥着重要作用，因为它增加了不同城市之间的经济交易。从供应商的角度来看，作为供应链中心供应商的城市似乎利用法院的低效率作为客户提起诉讼的障碍。
英文摘要：
We study a novel economic network (supply chain) comprised of wire transfers (electronic payment transactions) among the universe of firms in Brazil (6.2 million firms). We construct a directed and weighted network in which vertices represent cities and edges connote pairwise economic dependence between cities. Cities (vertices) represent the collection of all firms in that location and links denote intercity wire transfers. We find a high degree of economic integration among cities in the trade network, which is consistent with the high degree of specialization found across Brazilian cities. We are able to identify which cities have a dominant role in the entire supply chain process using centrality network measures. We find that the trade network has a disassortative mixing pattern, which is consistent with the power-law shape of the firm size distribution in Brazil. After the Brazilian recession in 2014, we find that the disassortativity becomes even stronger as a result of the death of many small firms and the consequent concentration of economic flows on large firms. Our results suggest that recessions have a large impact on the trade network with meaningful and heterogeneous economic consequences across municipalities. We run econometric exercises and find that courts efficiency plays a dual role. From the customer perspective, it plays an important role in reducing contractual frictions as it increases economic transactions between different cities. From the supplier perspective, cities that are central suppliers to the supply chain seem to use courts inefficiency as a lawsuit barrier from their customers.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
