封锁需要地理协调，因为经济影响通过供应链传播
Lockdowns need geographic coordination because of propagation of economic effects through supply chains
摘要：
为防止COVID-19蔓延，各国政府经常要求区域或全国封城，由于封城的冲击已透过供应链扩散至其他地区，导致广泛地区的经济停滞。本研究使用日本160万家企业的供应链数据，探讨了政府在被迫实施封锁时如何减轻这些经济损失。通过对两个区域封锁的所有组合的测试，我们发现协调，即，与此同时，封锁产生的GDP损失小于不协调的封锁。此外，我们测试了日本47个地区实施封锁超过三个月的实际情况，发现如果全国范围内的封锁得到协调，GDP损失会比不协调时低。
英文摘要：
In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, governments have often required regional or national lockdowns, which have caused extensive economic stagnation over broad areas as the shock of the lockdowns has diffused to other regions through supply chains. Using supply-chain data for 1.6 million firms in Japan, this study examines how governments can mitigate these economic losses when they are obliged to implement lockdowns. Through tests of all combinations of two-region lockdowns, we find that coordinated, i.e., simultaneous, lockdowns yield smaller GDP losses than uncoordinated lockdowns. Furthermore, we test practical scenarios in which Japan's 47 regions impose lockdowns over three months and find that GDP losses are lower if nationwide lockdowns are coordinated than if they are uncoordinated.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
