Catherine Angelini, Adam S. Williams, Mathew Kress, Edgar Ramos Vieira, Newton D'Souza, Naphtali D. Rishe, Joseph Medina, Francisco R. Ortega
We present an early study designed to analyze how city planning and the health of senior citizens can benefit from the use of augmented reality (AR) using Microsoft's HoloLens. We also explore whether AR and VR can be used to help city planners receive real-time feedback from citizens, such as the elderly, on virtual plans, allowing for informed decisions to be made before any construction begins.
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Interaction design for Augmented Reality (AR) is gaining increasing attention from both academia and industry. This survey discusses 260 articles (68.8% of articles published between 2015 - 2019) to review the field of human interaction in connected cities with emphasis on augmented reality-driven interaction. We provide an overview of Human-City Interaction and related technological approaches, followed by a review of the latest trends of information visualization, constrained interfaces, and embodied interaction for AR headsets. We highlight under-explored issues in interface design and inpu…
Demonstrating Visual Information Manipulation Attacks in Augmented Reality: A Hands-On Miniature City-Based Setup
本研究针对增强现实（AR）的视觉信息操纵（VIM）攻击漏洞，搭建微型城市实操演示装置，让用户通过Meta Quest 3交互体验被篡改的AR内容，揭示该类攻击对用户决策的影响，强调AR系统安全防护的必要性。
We propose a framework called inverse augmented reality (IAR) which describes the scenario that a virtual agent living in the virtual world can observe both virtual objects and real objects. This is different from the traditional augmented reality. The traditional virtual reality, mixed reality and augmented reality are all generated for humans, i.e., they are human-centered frameworks. On the contrary, the proposed inverse augmented reality is a virtual agent-centered framework, which represents and analyzes the reality from a virtual agent's perspective. In this paper, we elaborate the frame…
When establishing a visual connection between a virtual reality user and an augmented reality user, it is important to consider whether the augmented reality user faces a surplus of information. Augmented reality, compared to virtual reality, involves two, not one, planes of information: the physical and the virtual. We propose SelectVisAR, a selective visualisation system of virtual environments in augmented reality. Our system enables an augmented reality spectator to perceive a co-located virtual reality user in the context of four distinct visualisation conditions: Interactive, Proximity, …
Using augmented reality in education is already a common concept, as it has the potential to turn learning into a motivational learning experience. However, current research only covers the students site of learning. Almost no research focuses on the teachers' site and whether augmented reality could potentially improve his/her workflow of teaching the students or not. Many researchers do not differentiate between multiple user roles, like a student and a teacher. To allow investigation into these lacks of research, a teaching system "Augmentix" is presented, which includes a differentiation b…
Navigation has been a popular area of research in both academia and industry. Combined with maps, and different localization technologies, navigation systems have become robust and more usable. By combining navigation with augmented reality, it can be improved further to become realistic and user friendly. This paper surveys existing researches carried out in this area, describes existing techniques for building augmented reality navigation systems, and the problems faced.
This document summarizes the major milestones in mobile Augmented Reality between 1968 and 2014. Major parts of the list were compiled by the member of the Christian Doppler Laboratory for Handheld Augmented Reality in 2010 (author list in alphabetical order) for the ISMAR society. Later in 2013 it was updated, and more recent work was added during preparation of this report. Permission is granted to copy and modify.
With or Without Permission: Site-Specific Augmented Reality for Social Justice CHI 2024 Workshop Proceedings
本卷是CHI 2024“有无许可：为社会正义的特定地点增强现实”研讨会的论文集。
Simulations for Augmented Reality Evaluation for Mass Casualty Incident Triage
本文提出两种增强现实模拟策略，用于评估大规模伤亡事件分诊中的工具有效性，以提高现场响应的安全性和效率。
Preserving History through Augmented Reality
本文介绍了一场为期两天的设计黑客马拉松，团队通过采访社区长者并参考其著作，开发增强现实文物来讲述历史故事，保存对华盛顿大学有永久影响的革命者遗产。
In recent years, Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) have gained considerable commercial traction, with Facebook acquiring Oculus VR for \$2 billion, Magic Leap attracting more than \$500 million of funding, and Microsoft announcing their HoloLens head-worn computer. Where is humanity headed: a brave new dystopia-or a paradise come true? In this article, we present discussions, which started at the symposium "Making Augmented Reality Real", held at Nara Institute of Science and Technology in August 2014. Ten scientists were invited to this three-day event, which started with a full…
This is the preprint version of our paper on ICONIP2015. The proposed platform supports the integrated VRGIS functions including 3D spatial analysis functions, 3D visualization for spatial process and serves for 3D globe and digital city. The 3D analysis and visualization of the concerned city massive information are conducted in the platform. The amount of information that can be visualized with this platform is overwhelming, and the GIS based navigational scheme allows to have great flexibility to access the different available data sources.
Understanding electronics is a critical area in the maker scene. Many of the makers' projects require electronics knowledge to connect microcontrollers with sensors and actuators. Yet, learning electronics is challenging, as internal component processes remain invisible, and students often fear personal harm or component damage. Augmented Reality (AR) applications are developed to support electronics learning and visualize complex processes. This paper reflects on related work around AR and electronics that characterize open research challenges around the four characteristics functionality, fi…
Recently, a lot of works show promising directions for audio design in augmented reality (AR). These works are mainly focused on how to improve user experience and make AR more realistic. But even though these improvements seem promising, these new possibilities could also be used as an input for manipulative design. This survey aims to analyze all recent discoveries in audio development regarding AR and argue what kind of "manipulative" effect this could have on the user. It can be concluded that even though there are many works explaining the effects of audio design in AR, very few works poi…
Beyond the Screen: Reshaping the Workplace with Virtual and Augmented Reality
本文通过文献综述考察虚拟现实、增强现实和混合现实技术在工作场所的有效整合现状，分析已进入实际工作流程的应用，并界定决定其适用性的技术特征。
This bachelor's thesis describes the conception and implementation of an augmented reality application for the Android platform. The intention is to demonstrate some possibilities of interaction within an augmented reality environment on mobile devices. For that purpose, a 3D-model is displayed on the devices' touchscreen using marker-based tracking. This enables the user to translate, rotate or scale the model as he wishes. He can additionally select and highlight preassigned parts of the model to display specific information for that element. To assist developers in modifying the application…
The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive review of the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) in augmented reality (AR) studies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. IEEE Xplore Scopus, Wiley Online Library, Emerald Insight, and ScienceDirect are the main five data sources for data collection from Jan 2020 to May 2021. The results showed that a variety of external factors were used to construct the SEM models rather than using the parsimonious ones. The reports showed a fair balance between the direct and indirect methods to contact participants. Despite the COVID-19 pande…
We present a user interface (UI) based on augmented reality (AR) with head-mounted display (HMD) for improving situational awareness during critical operation and improve human efficiency on operations. The UI displays contextual information as well as accepts orders given from the headset to control unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for assisting the rescue team. We established experiments where people had been put in a stressful situation and are asked to resolve a complex mission using a headset and a computer. Comparing both technologies, our results show that augmented reality has the poten…
As augmented reality technology and hardware become more mature and affordable, researchers have been exploring more intuitive and discoverable interaction techniques for immersive environments. In this paper, we investigate multimodal interaction for 3D object manipulation in a multi-object virtual environment. To identify the user-defined gestures, we conducted an elicitation study involving 24 participants for 22 referents with an augmented reality headset. It yielded 528 proposals and generated a winning gesture set with 25 gestures after binning and ranking all gesture proposals. We found…
This paper presents and analyses existing taxonomies of virtual and augmented reality and demonstrates knowledge gaps and mixed terminology which may cause confusion among educators, researchers, and developers. Several such occasions of confusion are presented. A methodology is then presented to construct a taxonomy of virtual reality and augmented reality applications based on a combination of: a faceted analysis approach for the overall design of the taxonomy; an existing taxonomy of educational objectives to derive the educational purpose; an information systems analysis to establish impor…
Revealing Aspects of Hawai'i Tourism Using Situated Augmented Reality
本文提出一个过程人工制品，利用情境增强现实揭示夏威夷旅游业带来的历史与当代文化问题，旨在引起对殖民主义及身份伤害的关注。
Augmented Reality (AR) and Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) applications have gained much research and industry attention these days. The mobile nature of MAR applications limits users' interaction capabilities such as inputs, and haptic feedbacks. This survey reviews current research issues in the area of human computer interaction for MAR and haptic devices. The survey first presents human sensing capabilities and their applicability in AR applications. We classify haptic devices into two groups according to the triggered sense: cutaneous/tactile: touch, active surfaces, and mid-air, kinesthet…
Reading Speed, Image Quality Ratings, and Comfort Ratings in Augmented Reality
本文提出Read-AR数据集，通过80种实验条件收集了11000+阅读速度和近6000个视觉质量和舒适度评分，为评估不同AR头显架构性能提供基准参考。
This is the preprint version of our paper on Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. There is an increasing interest in creating pervasive games based on emerging interaction technologies. In order to develop touch-less, interactive and augmented reality games on vision-based wearable device, a touch-less motion interaction technology is designed and evaluated in this work. Users interact with the augmented reality games with dynamic hands/feet gestures in front of the camera, which triggers the interaction event to interact with the virtual object in the scene. Three primitive augmented reality ga…
Situated Brushing and Linking in Virtual and Augmented Reality
本文研究了在实际物理空间中使用增强现实进行刷选和链接的技术，发现其在时间和准确性上优于虚拟现实，但效果因条件而异。
Reality Distortion Room: A Study of User Locomotion Responses to Spatial Augmented Reality Effects
本研究提出现实扭曲房间系统，利用投影映射和RoomAlive交互，通过五种视觉扭曲效果在客厅中微妙鼓励用户移动，为有限空间中的AR体验设计提供初步依据。
The contributions of this paper are: (1) a taxonomy of the "Realities" (Virtual, Augmented, Mixed, Mediated, etc.), and (2) some new kinds of "reality" that come from nature itself, i.e. that expand our notion beyond synthetic realities to include also phenomenological realities. VR (Virtual Reality) replaces the real world with a simulated experience (virtual world). AR (Augmented Reality) allows a virtual world to be experienced while also experiencing the real world at the same time. Mixed Reality provides blends that interpolate between real and virtual worlds in various proportions, along…
Conventional HVAC control systems are usually incognizant of the physical structures and materials of buildings. These systems merely follow pre-set HVAC control logic based on abstract building thermal response models, which are rough approximations to true physical models, ignoring dynamic spatial variations in built environments. To enable more accurate and responsive HVAC control, this paper introduces the notion of "self-aware" smart buildings, such that buildings are able to explicitly construct physical models of themselves (e.g., incorporating building structures and materials, and the…
Outpace Reality: A Novel Augmented-Walking Technique for Virtual Reality Games
本文提出一种基于虚拟隧道的增强行走技术，通过压缩隧道内部距离使用户以真实行走覆盖大范围虚拟场景，在避免晕屏症的同时增强身体活动并保持临场感。
This paper describes "ARbis Pictus" --a novel system for immersive language learning through dynamic labeling of real-world objects in augmented reality. We describe a within-subjects lab-based study (N=52) that explores the effect of our system on participants learning nouns in an unfamiliar foreign language, compared to a traditional flashcard-based approach. Our results show that the immersive experience of learning with virtual labels on real-world objects is both more effective and more enjoyable for the majority of participants, compared to flashcards. Specifically, when participants lea…
Augmented Library: Toward Enriching Physical Library Experience Using HMD-Based Augmented Reality
本文提出基于 HMD 的 AR 系统 Augmented Library，通过图书发现、社区参与和个性化交互功能融合数字便利与实体图书馆体验，并依据初步用户反馈评估其对学生参与的影响。
The Impact of Device Type, Data Practices, and Use Case Scenarios on Privacy Concerns about Eye-tracked Augmented Reality in the United States and Germany
本研究首次深入探索增强现实中眼动追踪等行为数据的隐私担忧，通过在美、德开展四项众包调查，揭示用户属性、数据实践等因素的影响，发现美国用户隐私担忧少于德国用户，并提出隐私感知增强现实的建议。
In recent years, augmented reality (AR) technology has been increasingly employed in structural health monitoring (SHM). In the case of conditions following a seismic event, inspections are conducted to evaluate the progression of the damage pattern quantitatively and efficiently respond if the displacement pattern is determined to be unsafe. Additionally, quantification of nearby structural changes over short-term and long-term periods can provide building inspectors with information to improve safety. This paper proposes the Time Machine Measure (TMM) application on an Augmented Reality (AR)…
Semantic Reality: Interactive Context-Aware Visualization of Inter-Object Relationships in Augmented Reality
本文提出Semantic Reality系统，通过多模态推理和空间锚定技术，实现增强现实中的多物体关系交互可视化，提升任务理解和参与度。
The Google's frugal Cardboard solution for immersive Virtual Reality experiences has come a long way in the VR market. The Google Cardboard VR applications will support us in the fields such as education, virtual tourism, entertainment, gaming, design etc. Recently, Qualcomm's Vuforia SDK has introduced support for developing mixed reality applications for Google Cardboard which can combine Virtual and Augmented Reality to develop exciting and immersive experiences. In this work, we present a comprehensive review of Google Cardboard for AR and also highlight its technical and subjective limita…
Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) have been two of the most explosive research topics in the last few years. Head-Mounted Devices (HMDs) are essential intermediums for using AR and MR technology, playing an important role in the research progress in these two areas. Behavioral research with users is one way of evaluating the technical progress and effectiveness of HMDs. In addition, AR and MR technology is dependent upon virtual interactions with the real environment. Thus, conditions in real environments can be a significant factor for AR and MR measurements with users. In this pa…
ARTHUR: Authoring Human-Robot Collaboration Processes with Augmented Reality using Hybrid User Interfaces
针对创建增强现实人机协作系统的挑战，本文提出开源创作工具ARTHUR，通过多模态反馈、动作和条件支持结合桌面与头戴设备的混合用户界面，实现交互空间创建与现场改进，并在复现实验与用户评估中验证了其适用性。
Software analytics in augmented reality (AR) is said to have great potential. One reason why this potential is not yet fully exploited may be usability problems of the AR user interfaces. We present an iterative and qualitative usability evaluation with 15 subjects of a state-of-the-art application for software analytics in AR. We could identify and resolve numerous usability issues. Most of them were caused by applying conventional user interface elements, such as dialog windows, buttons, and scrollbars. The used city visualization, however, did not cause any usability issues. Therefore, we a…
Augmented reality provides new possibilities to propose environments where the designers can take advantage of the physicality of the artifacts while keeping the versatility of digital environments. Mixed objects can therefore provide new media in the interactions between stakeholders. Besides, the increasing interest in user participation in early design phases is limited by the poor representations or the expensive mock ups to be provided in design meetings. Therefore, understanding the role of these mixed artifacts by analyzing and characterizing the interactions is crucial to the developme…
Bridging Generations: Augmented Reality for Japanese Wartime Oral History
本文提出一种基于增强现实的档案与教育工具，通过家族口述历史重振日本二战记忆，并探讨其应用中的机遇与挑战。
Near distances are overestimated in virtual reality, and far distances are underestimated, but an explanation for these distortions remains elusive. One potential concern is that whilst the eye rotates to look at the virtual scene, the virtual cameras remain static. Could using eye-tracking to change the perspective of the virtual cameras as the eye rotates improve depth perception in virtual reality? This paper identifies 14 distinct perspective distortions that could in theory occur from keeping the virtual cameras fixed whilst the eye rotates in the context of near-eye displays. However, th…
The Audible Artefact: Promoting Cultural Exploration and Engagement with Audio Augmented Reality
本文介绍两个应用音频增强现实吸引文博场馆参观者接触音频档案及相关藏品的在研项目，梳理相关问题与既往研究，说明研究方法，结合相关文献探讨项目并给出初步结论与后续规划。
Augmenting Learning with Augmented Reality: Exploring the Affordances of AR in Supporting Mastery of Complex Psychomotor Tasks
本研究探索基于Unity和HoloLens 2的AR原型如何支持复杂心理运动任务的学习，并指出结合AI能自适应搭建学习脚手架以加速专业技能发展。
Understanding User Needs for Injury Recovery with Augmented Reality
本文通过访谈六名物理治疗患者，提出了整合增强现实与身体运动数据的设计考量，以解决居家物理治疗依从性与准确性问题，并识别关键挑战及未来可视化设计变量。
Beyond Screens: Supporting Co-located Augmented Reality Experiences with Smart Home Devices
本文提出AR游戏Spooky Spirits，利用智能灯泡等日常设备将增强现实从屏幕扩展至物理世界，支持同地玩家共享环境的互动体验。
This study considers modern surgical navigation systems based on augmented reality technologies. Augmented reality glasses are used to construct holograms of the patient's organs from MRI and CT data, subsequently transmitted to the glasses. This, in addition to seeing the actual patient, the surgeon gains visualization inside the patient's body (bones, soft tissues, blood vessels, etc.). The solutions developed at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University allow reducing the invasiveness of the procedure and preserving healthy tissues. This also improves the navigation process, mak…
Comparative Analysis of Change Blindness in Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Environments
针对现有变化盲视研究多聚焦2D环境、3D沉浸式环境对照实验不足的问题，开展用户实验探究不同注意力干扰、物体变化条件对VR和AR环境下变化盲视检测的影响，得出相关差异结论并完成两类环境的结果对比。
Static visualizations have analytic and expressive value. However, many interactive tasks cannot be completed using static visualizations. As datasets grow in size and complexity, static visualizations start losing their analytic and expressive power for interactive data exploration. Despite this limitation of static visualizations, there are still many cases where visualizations are limited to being static (e.g., visualizations on presentation slides or posters). We believe in many of these cases, static visualizations will benefit from allowing users to perform interactive tasks on them. Ins…
An augmented reality (AR) environment includes a set of digital elements with which the users interact while performing certain tasks. Recent AR head-mounted displays allow users to select how these elements are presented. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the effect of the way of presenting augmented content on user performance and workload. This study aims to evaluate two methods of presenting augmented content - world-locked and head-locked modes in a data entry task. A total of eighteen participants performed the data entry task in this study. The effectiveness of each mo…
Evaluation of AI-Supported Input Methods in Augmented Reality Environment
针对医疗和工业等需双手操作场景下AR输入受限及上肢残疾人士使用困难的问题，本文提出结合AR技术与AI支持方法的免手操人机交互解决方案。
Chinese herb medicine in augmented reality
本文基于3dsMax和Unity开发了一个中草药增强现实学习平台，通过手机扫描二维图片实时呈现三维模型与信息，并在干扰和遮挡测试中取得高识别准确率，有效提升了学习者的兴趣。
The focus of the study was to develop a mobile application utilizing marker-less augmented reality for specific made-to-order products to support furniture and fixtures businesses. The study implemented mixed-methodology to properly identify the various stakeholders' considerations in developing the application. Interviews with key informants were conducted to ensure that the features were appropriate for the intended user needs, and selected ISO standards were used as evaluation criteria. The results indicate that the mobile application with marker-less AR technology was found to be highly ac…
Advanced surgical procedures for congenital heart diseases (CHDs) require precise planning before the surgeries. The conventional approach utilizes 3D-printing and cutting physical heart models, which is a time and resource intensive process. While rapid advances in augmented reality (AR) technologies have the potential to streamline surgical planning, there is limited research that evaluates such AR approaches with medical experts. This paper presents an evaluation with 6 experts, 4 cardiothoracic surgeons, and 2 cardiologists, from Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA) Heart Center to vali…
Augmented reality (AR) is an emerging technology in mobile app design during recent years. However, usability challenges in these apps are prominent. There are currently no established guidelines for designing and evaluating interactions in AR as there are in traditional user interfaces. In this work, we aimed to examine the usability of current mobile AR applications and interpreting classic usability heuristics in the context of mobile AR. Particularly, we focused on AR home design apps because of their popularity and ability to incorporate important mobile AR interaction schemas. Our findin…
Augmented Reality consists of merging live images with virtual layers of information. The rapid growth in the popularity of smartphones and tablets over recent years has provided a large base of potential users of Augmented Reality technology, and virtual layers of information can now be attached to a wide variety of physical objects. In this article, we explore the potential of Augmented Reality for astrophysical research with two distinct experiments: (1) Augmented Posters and (2) Augmented Articles. We demonstrate that the emerging technology of Augmented Reality can already be used and imp…
In this paper, we review the background of physical reality, virtual reality, and some traditional mixed forms of them. Based on the current knowledge, we propose a new unified concept called symmetrical reality to describe the physical and virtual world in a unified perspective. Under the framework of symmetrical reality, the traditional virtual reality, augmented reality, inverse virtual reality, and inverse augmented reality can be interpreted using a unified presentation. We analyze the characteristics of symmetrical reality from two different observation locations (i.e., from the physical…
In the complex manufacturing sector a considerable amount of resources are focused on developing new skills and training workers. In that context, increasing the effectiveness of those processes and reducing the investment required is an outstanding issue. In this paper we present an experiment that shows how modern Human Computer Interaction (HCI) metaphors such as collaborative mixed-reality can be used to transmit procedural knowledge and could eventually replace other forms of face-to-face training. We implement a real-time Immersive Augmented Reality (IAR) setup with see-through cameras t…
JARVIS: A Just-in-Time Augmented Reality VLM-Powered Instruction System for Cross-Reality Task Guidance
JARVIS通过视觉语言模型生成上下文相关的分步指导，实现实时状态验证和自适应视觉反馈，提升跨现实任务的可用性、工作负荷、成功率和可视化效果。
This paper presents a design space of interaction techniques to engage with visualizations that are printed on paper and augmented through Augmented Reality. Paper sheets are widely used to deploy visualizations and provide a rich set of tangible affordances for interactions, such as touch, folding, tilting, or stacking. At the same time, augmented reality can dynamically update visualization content to provide commands such as pan, zoom, filter, or detail on demand. This paper is the first to provide a structured approach to mapping possible actions with the paper to interaction commands. Thi…
ARCADE: An Augmented Reality Display Environment for Multimodal Interaction with Conversational Agents
本文提出空间增强现实系统ARCADE，利用光学透视显示让虚拟对话智能体如同真人般自然呈现于房间中，并通过两个对话场景验证了其作为传统显示器替代方案的适用性。
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