International observational campaign of the 2014 eclipse of EE Cep
D. Pieńkowski, C. Gałan, T. Tomov, K. Gazeas, P. Wychudzki, M. Mikołajewski, D. Kubicki, B. Staels, S. Zoła, P. Pakońska, B. Dȩbski, T. Kundera, W. Ogłoza, M. D… 展开作者
D. Pieńkowski, C. Gałan, T. Tomov, K. Gazeas, P. Wychudzki, M. Mikołajewski, D. Kubicki, B. Staels, S. Zoła, P. Pakońska, B. Dȩbski, T. Kundera, W. Ogłoza, M. Dróżdż, A. Baran, M. Winiarski, M. Siwak, D. Dimitrov, D. Kjurkchieva, D. Marchev, A. Armiński, I. Miller, Z. Kołaczkowski, D. Moździerski, E. Zahajkiewicz, P. Bruś, A. Pigulski, T. Smela, E. Conseil, D. Boyd, G. J. Conidis, I. Plauchu-Frayn, T. A. Heras, E. Kardasis, M. Biskupski, R. Kneip, L. Hambálek, T. Pribulla, E. Kundra, J. Nedoroščik, J. Lopatovský, Z. Garai, D. Rodriguez, T. Kamiński, F. Dubois, L. Logie, A. Capetillo Blanco, P. Kankiewicz, E. Świerczyński, M. Martignoni, I. Sergey, J. Kare Trandem Qvam, E. Semkov, S. Ibryamov, S. Peneva, J. -L. Gonzalez Carballo, J. Ribeiro, S. Dean, G. Apostolovska, Z. Donchev, L. Corp, P. McDonald, M. Rodriguez, A. Sanchez, K. Wiersema, E. Conseil, J. Menke, I. Sergey, N. Richardson
备注：
10 pages, 13 figures, 29 tables in appendix, submited to Astronomy & Astrophysics
Context. EE Cep is one of few eclipsing binary systems with a dark, dusty disk around an invisible object similar to ε Aur. The system is characterized by grey and asymmetric eclipses every 5.6 yr, with a significant variation in their photometric depth, ranging from ~ 0 m .5 to ~ 2 m .0. Aims. The main aim of the observational campaign of the EE Cep eclipse in 2014 was to test the model of disk precession (Galan et al. 2012). We expected that this eclipse would be one of the deepest with a depth of ~ 2 m .0. Methods. We collected multicolor observations from almost 30 instruments located in Europe and North America. This photometric data covers 243 nights during and around the eclipse. We also analyse the low- and high-resolution spectra from several instruments. Results. The eclipse was shallow with a depth of 0 m .71 in V-band. The multicolor photometry illustrates small color changes during the eclipse with a total amplitude of order ~ +0 m . 15 in B-I color index. The linear ephemeris for this system is updated by including new times of minima, measured from the three most recent eclipses at epochs E = 9, 10 and 11. New spectroscopic observations were acquired, covering orbital phases around the eclipse, which were not observed in the past and increased the data sample, filling some gaps and giving a better insight into the evolution of the H α and NaI spectral line profiles during the primary eclipse. Conclusions. The eclipse of EE Cep in 2014 was shallower than expected 0 m .71 instead of ~ 2 m . 0. This means that our model of disk precession needs revision.
We report photometric and spectroscopic observations of the 2014 eclipse of EE Cep. This proved to be one of the shallower eclipses on record rather than one of the deepest as predicted. The general shape of the eclipse light curve was similar to that of the 2003 eclipse. The spectral type before and after eclipse was consistent with B5III and became slightly later at mid-eclipse. Total flux in the Hα emission line remained relatively constant through the eclipse.
EE Cep is a unique system in which a Be star is eclipsed by a dark dusty disk, making this star similar to the famous epsilon Aur in many respects. The depth and the duration of the EE Cep eclipses change to a large extent. The last two eclipses were observed in the framework of extensive international campaigns. The joint analysis of these campaigns data and historical photometry, enabled us to propose a model of this system, which implies a disk precession with a period approximately 11-12 times larger than the orbital period. This model predicts that the forthcoming eclipse should be among …
During the outburst of V713 Cephei in August 2009 the times of 8 eclipses were measured and these, together with 5 eclipse timings obtained during quiescence in August 2007, provide an improved orbital period of 0.085418432(4)d. No superhumps were observed in the light curve indicating this was a normal UG-type dwarf nova outburst. We found the eclipse depth decreased linearly with rising system excitation level, falling from ~3 magnitudes in quiescence to ~2 magnitudes during outburst. The depth and totality of eclipses in quiescence suggests a high orbital inclination. We saw no variation in…
Results of the 2010 eclipse campaign are described, and preliminary interpretations proposed. These include photometric, interferometric, spectroscopic, astrometric and polarimetric observational results. Next steps, along with continued monitoring, include simulations and other future work. Numerous acknowledgements are appropriate for the many participants in making this international effort a success.
In early 2009, immediately following the end of the WR140 periastron campaign (see these proceedings), I turned my telescope back to epsilon Aurigae in time for the start of the eclipse. As well as being an interesting object in its own right, the Pro-Am campaign being run on epsilon Aurigae during the current eclipse is a good example of how amateur spectroscopists can make a useful contribution. epsilon Aurigae is a naked eye magnitude 3 star and was first noted to be variable by Johan Frisch in 1821. It was subsequently found to be an eclipsing binary with a period of 27.1 years which under…
Two observational campaigns were carried out during the eclipses of EE Cep in 2003 and 2008/9 to verify whether the eclipsing body in the system is indeed a dark disk and to understand the observed changes in the depth and durations of the eclipses. Multicolour photometric data and spectroscopic observations at both low and high resolution were collected. We numerically modelled the variations in brightness and colour during the eclipses. We tested models with different disk structure. We considered the possibility of disk precession. The complete set of observational data collected during the…
We present here the first spectroscopic and photometric analysis of the double-lined eclipsing binary containing the classical, first-overtone Cepheid OGLE-LMC-CEP-2532 (MACHO 81.8997.87). The system has an orbital period of 800 days and the Cepheid is pulsating with a period of 2.035 days. Using spectroscopic data from three high-class telescopes and photometry from three surveys spanning 7500 days we are able to derive the dynamical masses for both stars with an accuracy better than 3%. This makes the Cepheid in this system one of a few classical Cepheids with an accurate dynamical mass dete…
We present the first modern analysis of two young, eclipsing binaries, EK Cep and HS Her, based on new, ground-based, CCD multicolour light curves as well as the TESS observations, radial velocity curves, and eclipse timing measurements. The orbital and stellar parameters of the stars are determined by Roche modelling, and their evolutionary status is examined using a grid of isochrones and evolutionary tracks. We find that HS Her is 25-32 Myr old and its components are on the zero-age main sequence; at the age of 16-20 Myr, the primary of EK Cep is also on the ZAMS, but its secondary is a pre…
We describe two observations of the nova-like cataclysmic variable AC Cnc obtained with {\it Kepler} during its revamped second mission ({\it K2}). Using the {\it K2} 1-minute cadence mode, the data were obtained during Campaigns 5 and 18. Campaign 5 (C05) lasted from ${\sim}$2015 Apr 27 to ${\sim}$2015 July 10, a total of 74.8 days, and yielded ${\sim}$106,000 measurements. Campaign 18 (C18) lasted from ${\sim}$2018 May 13 to ${\sim}$2018 July 2, a total of 50.7 days, yielding $\sim$72,000 measurements. The C05 light curve reveals two `stunted outbursts' having properties consistent with stun…
Using Campaign 15 data from the K2 mission, we have discovered a triply-eclipsing triple star system: EPIC 249432662. The inner eclipsing binary system has a period of 8.23 days, with shallow $\sim$3% eclipses. During the entire 80-day campaign, there is also a single eclipse event of a third-body in the system that reaches a depth of nearly 50% and has a total duration of 1.7 days, longer than for any previously known third-body eclipse involving unevolved stars. The binary eclipses exhibit clear eclipse timing variations. A combination of photodynamical modeling of the lightcurve, as well as…
In 2015 a radial velocity monitoring campaign was started in order to redetermine and/or constrain the orbital solutions of spectroscopic binary systems. The observations were carried out at the University Observatory Jena with the Échelle spectrograph FLECHAS. The results from the main part of our target sample are already published. For the final target of this campaign, $θ$ Cep, we can now present an orbital solution based on a homogeneously covered radial velocity curve. The period of this single-lined spectroscopic binary turns out to be significantly larger and the orbit is much more ecc…
It has been proposed that the variability seen in absorption lines of the O6Ief star λ Cep is periodical and due to non-radial pulsations (NRP). We have obtained new spectra during six campaigns lasting between five and nine nights. In some datasets we find recurrent spectral variations which move redward in the absorption line profile, consistent with perturbations on the stellar surface of a rotating star. However the periods found are not stable between datasets, at odds with the NRP hypothesis. Moreover, even when no redward trend is found in a full dataset of an observing campaign, it can…
A multisite photometric campaign for the Beta Cephei and eclipsing variable 16 Lacertae is reported. 749 h of high-quality differential photoelectric Stromgren, Johnson and Geneva time-series photometry were obtained with ten telescopes during 185 nights. After removing the pulsation contribution, an attempt was made to solve the resulting eclipse light curve by means of the computer program EBOP. Although a unique solution was not obtained, the range of solutions could be constrained by comparing computed positions of the secondary component in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram with evolutionar…
PDS 110 is a young disk-hosting star in the Orion OB1A association. Two dimming events of similar depth and duration were seen in 2008 (WASP) and 2011 (KELT), consistent with an object in a closed periodic orbit. In this paper we present data from a ground-based observing campaign designed to measure the star both photometrically and spectroscopically during the time of predicted eclipse in September 2017. Despite high-quality photometry, the predicted eclipse did not occur, although coherent structure is present suggesting variable amounts of stellar flux or dust obscuration. We also searched…
Epsilon Aurigae is a complicated binary star that undergoes optical eclipses every 27 years, including the present year. An update is given here on the array of photometric and spectroscopic observations underway, thanks to the eclipse observing campaign and its dedicated participants. In addition, breakthrough results have emerged from (1) infrared and ultraviolet spectral energy distribution observations, and (2) especially with interferometric imaging that revealed the long suspected dark disk in transit, plus (3) new optical spectra that are revealing substructure inside the disk itself. I…
The photometric and spectroscopic observational campaign organized for the 2008/9 eclipse of EE Cep revealed features, which indicate that the eclipsing disk in the EE Cep system has a multi-ring structure. We suggest that the gaps in the disk can be related to the possible planet formation.
We report the results of a twenty-eight-month photometric campaign studying V1432 Aql, the only known eclipsing, asynchronous polar. Our data show that both the residual eclipse flux and eclipse O-C timings vary strongly as a function of the spin-orbit beat period. Relying upon a new model of the system, we show that cyclical changes in the location of the threading region along the ballistic trajectory of the accretion stream could produce both effects. This model predicts that the threading radius is variable, in contrast to previous studies which have assumed a constant threading radius. Ad…
The eclipsing binary epsilon Aur is unique in being a very long-period binary involving an evolved, variable F star and a suspected B main-sequence star enshrouded in an opaque circumstellar disk. The geometrical arrangement is that the disk is viewed almost perfectly edge-on, with alignment leading to a partial eclipse of the F star. Despite a global observing campaign for the 2009-11 eclipse, there remain outstanding questions about the nature of the binary, its components, the disk, and the evolutionary state of the system. We analyze optical-band polarimetry in conjunction with broad-band …
The eclipsing binary system ASAS J174600-2321.3, which has shown a conspicuous brightening of ~4 magnitudes (V) in the past, was recently identified as a symbiotic nova candidate. A long-term photometric monitoring program was initiated in July 2014. In its present active stage, the system shows deep eclipses with an amplitude of ~3.5 magnitudes (V) that occur about every 33 months. In order to monitor the eclipse of 2015, AAVSO Alert Notice 510 was issued. During the ensuing campaign, AAVSO observers obtained 338 measurements in Johnson B, 393 measurements in Johnson V, and 369 measurements i…
We present our photometric observations of GM Cep, a solar type variable in the young (~4 Myr) open cluster Trumpler 37. The star is known as a classical T Tauri star with a circumstellar disk and active accretion. GM\,Cep was suspected to undergo an outburst, thus a candidate for an EXor-type variable. In our monitoring campaign observations in 2010-2011, GM Cep experienced a ~0.82 mag brightness decrease in the R band lasting for 39 days, and frequent, transient flare-like episodes with amplitude < 1 mag, each lasting for about 10 days. The brightening was accompanied with a bluer color, pre…
We investigate the nature of the unusual eclipsing star OGLE LMC-ECL-11893 (OGLE J05172127-6900558) in the Large Magellanic Cloud recently reported by Dong et al. 2014. The eclipse period for this star is 468 days, and the eclipses exhibit a minimum of ~1.4 mag, preceded by a plateau of ~0.8 mag. Spectra and optical/IR photometry are consistent with the eclipsed star being a lightly reddened B9III star of inferred age ~150 Myr and mass of ~4 solar masses. The disk appears to have an outer radius of ~0.2 AU with predicted temperatures of ~1100-1400 K. We model the eclipses as being due to eithe…
Hot subdwarfs (sdO/Bs) are the helium-burning cores of red giants, which lost almost all of their hydrogen envelopes. This mass loss is often triggered by common envelope interactions with close stellar or even substellar companions. Cool companions like late-type stars or brown dwarfs are detectable via characteristic light curve variations like reflection effects and often also eclipses. To search for such objects we obtained multi-band light curves of 26 close sdO/B binary candidates from the MUCHFUSS project with the BUSCA instrument. We discovered a new eclipsing reflection effect system …
We present an analysis of photometric observations of the eclipsing novalike variable DW UMa made by the CBA consortium between 1999 and 2015. Analysis of 372 new and 260 previously published eclipse timings reveals a 13.6 year period or quasi-period in the times of minimum light. The seasonal light curves show a complex spectrum of periodic signals: both positive and negative superhumps, likely arising from a prograde apsidal precession and a retrograde nodal precession of the accretion disc. These signals appear most prominently and famously as sidebands of the orbital frequency but the prec…
We report the serendipitous discovery of a disk-eclipse system OGLE-LMC-ECL-11893. The eclipse occurs with a period of 468 days, a duration of about 15 days and a deep (up to ΔI ~1.5), peculiar and asymmetric profile. A possible origin of such an eclipse profile involves a circumstellar disk. The presence of the disk is confirmed by the H-alpha line profile from the follow-up spectroscopic observations, and the star is identified as Be/Ae type. Unlike the previously known disk-eclipse candidates (Epsilon Aurigae, EE Cephei, OGLE-LMC-ECL-17782, KH 15D), the eclipses of OGLE-LMC-ECL-11893 retain…
CONTEXT: Recent progress in the seismic interpretation of field beta Cep stars has resulted in improvements of the physics in the stellar structure and evolution models of massive stars. Further asteroseismic constraints can be obtained from studying ensembles of stars in a young open cluster, which all have similar age, distance and chemical composition. AIMS: To improve our comprehension of the beta Cep stars, we studied the young open cluster NGC 884 to discover new B-type pulsators, besides the two known beta Cep stars, and other variable stars. METHODS: An extensive multi-site campaign wa…
Eclipsing Stellar Flare on the Demon Star Algol Binary System Observed during the MAXI-NICER Follow-up Campaign in 2018
Kyoto University（京都大学）；Chiba University（千叶大学）；RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP)（理化学研究所先进光子学中心）；University of Colorado Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校）；National Solar Observatory（国家太阳观测台）；NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）
Disks in binary systems can cause exotic eclipsing events. MWC 882 (BD-22 4376, EPIC 225300403) is such a disk-eclipsing system identified from observations during Campaign 11 of the K2 mission. We propose that MWC 882 is a post-Algol system with a B7 donor star of mass $0.542\pm0.053\,M_\odot$ in a 72 day period orbit around an A0 accreting star of mass $3.24\pm0.29\,M_\odot$. The $59.9\pm6.2\,R_\odot$ disk around the accreting star occults the donor star once every orbit, inducing 19 day long, 7% deep eclipses identified by K2, and subsequently found in pre-discovery ASAS and ASAS-SN observa…
The periodic events occurring in Eta Carinae have been widely monitored during the last three 5.5-year cycles. The last one recently occurred in January 2009 and more exhaustive observations have been made at different wavelength ranges. If these events are produced when the binary components approach periastron, the timing and sampling of the photometric features can provide more information about the geometry and physics of the system. Thus, we continued with our ground-based optical photometric campaign started in 2003 to record the behaviour of the 2009.0 event in detail. This time the obs…
Eclipsing binaries are important tools for studying stellar evolution and stellar interiors. Their accurate fundamental parameters are used to test evolutionary models, and systems showing apsidal motion can also be used to test the model's internal structure predictions. For this purpose, we present a photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the eclipsing binary BW Aquarii, an evolved F-type binary with slow apsidal motion. We model the K2 C3 light curve using the Eclipsing Light Curve code to determine several orbital and stellar parameters, as well as measure the eclipse times to determine…
We report a multisite photometric campaign for the Beta Cep stars V2052 Oph and V986 Oph. 670 hours of high-quality differential photoelectric Stromgren, Johnson and Geneva time-series photometry were obtained with eight telescopes on five continents during 182 nights. Frequency analyses of the V2052 Oph data enabled the detection of three pulsation frequencies, the first harmonic of the strongest signal, and the rotation frequency with its first harmonic. Pulsational mode identification from analysing the colour amplitude ratios confirms the dominant mode as being radial, whereas the other tw…
CW Mon is a relatively bright and nearby SS Cyg-type dwarf nova frequently used in detailed analysis of cataclysmic variables and statistical studies. Using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations, we found that the orbital period is different from what has been adopted. Using the combined data (TESS, the Zwicky Transient Facility data and VSNET campaigns), we updated the period to be 0.19346802(4) d. The previously adopted period of 0.1766 d turned out to be its 2-day alias, probably introduced by a confusion between the two maxima/minima of the ellipsoidal variations. We co…
<abridged> The large relative sizes of circumstellar and circumplanetary disks imply that they might be seen in eclipse in stellar light curves. We estimate that a survey of ~10^4 young (~10 Myr old) post-accretion pre-MS stars monitored for ~10 years should yield at least a few deep eclipses from circumplanetary disks and disks surrounding low mass companion stars. We present photometric and spectroscopic data for a pre-MS K5 star (1SWASP J140747.93-394542.6), a newly discovered ~0.9 Msun member of the ~16 Myr-old Upper Cen-Lup subgroup of Sco-Cen at a kinematic distance of 128 pc. SuperWASP …
There are 15 cataclysmic variables (CVs) observed in the first two campaigns of the K2 mission. In this paper, the eight CVs showing distinct features are analyzed in detail. Among these eight, modulations during quiescence are evident at the known orbital periods in the SU UMa stars QZ Vir and RZ Leo, and at our newly determined orbital periods of 1RXS J0632+2536 and WD 1144+011. The periodogram analysis for the quiescent light curve of QZ Vir reveals multi-period modulations and the coexistence of orbital and superhump periods. The phased orbital light curves for the other 3 CVs in quiescenc…
We investigate directly imaging exoplanets around eclipsing binaries, using the eclipse as a natural tool for dimming the binary and thus increasing the planet to star brightness contrast. At eclipse, the binary becomes point-like, making coronagraphy possible. We select binaries where the planet-star contrast would be boosted by $>10\times$ during eclipse, making it possible to detect a planet that is $\gtrsim10\times$ fainter or in a star system that is $\sim2$-$3\times$ more massive than otherwise. Our approach will yield insights into planet occurrence rates around binaries versus individu…
Short-period high-amplitude pulsating stars of Population I ($δ$ Sct stars) and II (SX Phe variables) exist in the lower part of the classical (Cepheid) instability strip. Most of them have very simple pulsational behaviours, only one or two radial modes being excited. Nevertheless, BL Cam is a unique object among them, being an extreme metal-deficient field high-amplitude SX Phe variable with a large number of frequencies. Based on a frequency analysis, a pulsational interpretation was previously given. aims heading (mandatory) We attempt to interpret the long-term behaviour of the residuals …
We report on both high-precision photometry from the MOST space telescope and ground-based spectroscopy of the triple system delta Ori A consisting of a binary O9.5II+early-B (Aa1 and Aa2) with P = 5.7d, and a more distant tertiary (O9 IV P > 400 yrs). This data was collected in concert with X-ray spectroscopy from the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Thanks to continuous coverage for 3 weeks, the MOST light curve reveals clear eclipses between Aa1 and Aa2 for the first time in non-phased data. From the spectroscopy we have a well constrained radial velocity curve of Aa1. While we are unable to reco…
