Hiroshi Okamoto
We investigate the fundamental limit of biological quantum electron microscopy, which is designed to go beyond the shot noise limit. Inelastic scattering is expected to be the main obstacle in this setting, especially for thick specimens of actual biological interest. Here we describe a measurement procedure that, in principle, significantly neutralizes the effect of inelastic scattering.
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A hybrid quantum register consisting of nuclear spins in a solid-state platform coupled to a central electron spin is expected to combine the advantages of its elements. However, the potential to exploit long nuclear spin coherence times is severely limited by magnetic noise from the central electron spin during external interrogation. We overcome this obstacle and present protocols for addressing a decoherence-free nuclear spin subspace, which was not accessible by previously existing methods. We demonstrate the efficacy of our protocols using detailed numerical simulations of a nitrogen-vaca…
We introduce a framework for the preparation, coherent manipulation and characterization of free-electron quantum states, experimentally demonstrating attosecond pulse trains for electron microscopy. Specifically, we employ phase-locked single-color and two-color optical fields to coherently control the electron wave function along the beam direction. We establish a new variant of quantum state tomography - "SQUIRRELS" - to reconstruct the density matrices of free-electron ensembles and their attosecond temporal structure. The ability to tailor and quantitatively map electron quantum states wi…
Spin Squeezing in Electron Microscopy
本文从理论上证明基于纠缠的自旋压缩可提升电子显微镜信噪比，通过电子-电子库仑相互作用和量子非破坏测量生成纠缠态，连接了量子计量学与电子干涉测量领域。
Low-dose Image Recognition with Quantum Computational Electron Microscopy
本文提出利用量子计算显微镜在低剂量下实现图像识别，通过量子信息传输提升识别效率。
The major resolution-limiting factor in cryoelectron microscopy of unstained biological specimens is radiation damage by the very electrons that are used to probe the specimen structure. To address this problem, an electron microscopy scheme that employs quantum entanglement to enable phase measurement precision beyond the standard quantum limit has recently been proposed {[}Phys. Rev. A \textbf{85}, 043810{]}. Here we identify and examine in detail measurement errors that will arise in the scheme. An emphasis is given to considerations concerning inelastic scattering events because in general…
We report a systematic treatment of the holographic generation of electron Bessel beams, with a view to applications in electron microscopy. We describe in detail the theory underlying hologram patterning, as well as the actual electro-optical configuration used experimentally. We show that by optimizing our nanofabrication recipe, electron Bessel beams can be generated with efficiencies reaching $37 \pm 3\%$. We also demonstrate by tuning various hologram parameters that electron Bessel beams can be produced with many visible rings, making them ideal for interferometric applications, or in mo…
A transmission electron microscope that takes advantage of superconducting quantum circuitry is proposed. The microscope is designed to improve image contrast of radiation-sensitive weak phase objects, in particular biological specimens. The objective in this setting is to measure the phase shift of the probe electron wave to a precision $Δθ$ within the number of electrons $N$ that does not destroy the specimen. In conventional electron microscopy $Δθ$ scales as $\sim 1/N^{1/2}$, which falls short of the Heisenberg limit $\sim 1/N$. To approach the latter by using quantum entanglement, we prop…
Solid neon as a noise-resilient host for electron qubits above 100 mK
研究固态氖作为电子量子比特宿主在100 mK以上温度下的噪声鲁棒性，展示其在高频率下维持超长相干时间的能力。
We show that radiation damage to unstained biological specimens is not an intractable problem in electron microscopy. When a structural hypothesis of a specimen is available, quantum mechanical principles allow us to verify the hypothesis with a very low electron dose. Realization of such a concept requires precise control of the electron wave front. Based on a diffractive electron optical implementation, we demonstrate the feasibility of this new method by both experimental and numerical investigations.
A notorious problem in high-resolution biological electron microscopy is radiation damage to the specimen caused by probe electrons. Hence, acquisition of data with minimal number of electrons is of critical importance. Quantum approaches may represent the only way to improve the resolution in this context, but all proposed schemes to date demand delicate control of the electron beam in highly unconventional electron optics. Here we propose a scheme that involves a flux qubit based on a radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference device (rf-SQUID), inserted in essentially a convention…
Noise-resilient and Scalable Quantum Error Correction for Nuclear Spin Qubits in Silicon with Electron Shuttling
针对硅中核自旋量子比特控制测量难的问题，提出电子对干涉测量协议，结合NMR与Zπ旋转实现抗噪完备门组，适配CSS量子纠错，可实现核奇偶性到电子态的相干转移。
Visualizing and controlling electron dynamics over femtosecond timescale play a key role in the design of next-generation electronic devices. Using simulations, we demonstrate the electronic oscillation inside the naphthalene molecule can be tracked by means of the tuning of delay time between two identical femtosecond laser pulses. Both the frequency and decay time of the oscillation are detected by the tunneling charge through the junction of scanning tunneling microscopy. And the tunneling charge is sensitive to the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) for few-cycle long optical pulses. While this …
Variational algorithms are a promising paradigm for utilizing near-term quantum devices for modeling electronic states of molecular systems. However, previous bounds on the measurement time required have suggested that the application of these techniques to larger molecules might be infeasible. We present a measurement strategy based on a low rank factorization of the two-electron integral tensor. Our approach provides a cubic reduction in term groupings over prior state-of-the-art and enables measurement times three orders of magnitude smaller than those suggested by commonly referenced bound…
We reveal the classical and quantum regimes of free electron interaction with radiation, common to the general variety of radiation sources (e.g. FEL, Smith-Purcell), Dielectric Laser Accelerator (DLA) and Photo-Induced Near-Field Electron Microscopy (PINEM). Modelling the electron with initial conditions of a coherent quantum electron wavepacket (QEW), its topology in phase-space uniquely defines a universal distinction of three interaction regimes (and their particle-wave duality transition): point-particle-like acceleration, quantum wavefunction (PINEM), and a newly reported regime of anoma…
Realistic quantum computing is subjected to noise. A most important frontier in research of quantum computing is to implement noise-resilient quantum control over qubits. Dynamical decoupling can protect coherence of qubits. Here we demonstrate non-trivial quantum evolution steered by dynamical decoupling control, which automatically suppresses the noise effect. We designed and implemented a self-protected controlled-NOT gate on the electron spin of a nitrogen-vacancy centre and a nearby carbon-13 nuclear spin in diamond at room temperature, by employing an engineered dynamical decoupling cont…
Photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM) is a currently developing spectral approach that characterizes quantum electron-light interactions in electron energy gain/loss spectrum, with symmetrically discretized gains or losses of light quanta ($\hbar ω$), coupled with a laser induced optical near-field. In this letter, we have demonstrated that Linear Particle Accelerator (LPA) and anomalous PINEM (APINEM) can analytically emerge from PINEM-kind interaction in a strong coupling regime, because of quantum interference of spectral photon sidebands overlap. Furthermore, we also found …
The coherent control of electron beams and ultrafast electron wave packets dynamics have attracted significant attention in electron microscopy as well as in atomic physics. In order to unify the conceptual pictures developed in both fields, we demonstrate the generation and manipulation of tailored electron orbital angular momentum (OAM) superposition states either by employing customized holographic diffraction masks in a transmission electron microscope or by atomic multiphoton ionization utilizing pulse-shaper generated carrier-envelope phase stable bichromatic ultrashort laser pulses. Bot…
Feynman once asked physicists to build better electron microscopes to be able to watch biology at work. While electron microscopes can now provide atomic resolution, electron beam induced specimen damage precludes high resolution imaging of sensitive materials, such as single proteins or polymers. Here, we use simulations to show that an electron microscope based on a simplemulti-pass measurement protocol enables imaging of single proteins at reduced damage and at nanometer resolution, without averaging structures overmultiple images. Whilewe demonstrate the method for particular imaging targe…
Attosecond electron microscopy by free-electron homodyne detection
本文提出FREHD自由电子零差检测方法，利用相位受控参考相互作用提取电子波函数调制，实现几纳米、亚周期分辨率的等离激元场相位分辨成像。
The motion of electrons in or near solids, liquids and gases can be tracked by forcing their ejection with attosecond x-ray pulses, derived from femtosecond lasers. The momentum of these emitted electrons carries the imprint of the electronic state. Aberration corrected transmission electron microscopes have observed individual atoms, and have sufficient energy sensitivity to quantify atom bonding and electronic configurations. Recent developments in ultrafast electron microscopy and diffraction indicate that spatial and temporal information can be collected simultaneously. In the present work…
While transmission electron microscopes (TEM) can achieve a much higher resolution than optical microscopes, they face challenges of damage to samples during the high energy processes involved. Here, we explore using computational ghost imaging techniques in electron microscopy to reduce the total required intensity. The technological lack of the equivalent high-resolution, optical spatial light modulator for electrons means that a different approach needs to be pursued. To this end, we show a beam shaping technique based on the use of a distribution of electrically charged metal needles to st…
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