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arXiv 2001.02339cond-mat.str-el
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二维量子反铁磁体中红外灾变引起的反常热展宽

Anomalous thermal broadening from an infrared catastrophe in two-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets

Matthew C. O'Brien, Oleg P. Sushkov

摘要:

尽管经过几十年的理论研究,有限温度下二维量子反铁磁体中准粒子的性质仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。特别是,它是不完全理解如何长波长激发有助于显着扩大实验可观察到的光谱。基于这一问题,我们考虑了易平面反铁磁体的$XY$模型,并采用直接求和的方法计算了动态结构因子。在这样做的过程中,我们发现具有无限寿命的非相互作用准粒子仍然可以导致广泛的响应。这形成了一个新的范例,描述实验探针与物理系统的相互作用的基础上,扩大既不是由于寿命,也不是出现分数准粒子。相反,强烈的涨落驱使探测器吸收并辐射出无限多的任意低能量准粒子,这让我们将其与量子电动力学中的红外灾难相提并论。

英文摘要:

The nature of quasiparticles in 2D quantum antiferromagnets at finite temperature remains an open question despite decades of theoretical work. In particular, it is not fully understood how long wavelength excitations contribute to significant broadening of the experimentally observable spectrum. Motivated by this problem, we consider the $XY$ model of easy-plane antiferromagnets, and compute the dynamic structure factor by direct summation of diagrams. In doing so, we find that non-interacting quasiparticles with infinite lifetimes can still lead to a broad response. This forms the basis for a new paradigm describing the interaction of experimental probes with a physical system, where broadening is due neither to the lifetime, nor to the emergence of fractional quasiparticles. Instead, strong fluctuations drive the probe to absorb and radiate an infinite number of arbitrarily low energy quasiparticles, leading us to draw parallels with the infrared catastrophe in quantum electrodynamics.

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