Updated design of the CMB polarization experiment satellite LiteBIRD
H. Sugai, P. A. R. Ade, Y. Akiba, D. Alonso, K. Arnold, J. Aumont, J. Austermann, C. Baccigalupi, A. J. Banday, R. Banerji, R. B. Barreiro, S. Basak, J. Beall, … 展开作者
H. Sugai, P. A. R. Ade, Y. Akiba, D. Alonso, K. Arnold, J. Aumont, J. Austermann, C. Baccigalupi, A. J. Banday, R. Banerji, R. B. Barreiro, S. Basak, J. Beall, S. Beckman, M. Bersanelli, J. Borrill, F. Boulanger, M. L. Brown, M. Bucher, A. Buzzelli, E. Calabrese, F. J. Casas, A. Challinor, V. Chan, Y. Chinone, J. -F. Cliche, F. Columbro, A. Cukierman, D. Curtis, P. Danto, P. de Bernardis, T. de Haan, M. De Petris, C. Dickinson, M. Dobbs, T. Dotani, L. Duband, A. Ducout, S. Duff, A. Duivenvoorden, J. -M. Duval, K. Ebisawa, T. Elleflot, H. Enokida, H. K. Eriksen, J. Errard, T. Essinger-Hileman, F. Finelli, R. Flauger, C. Franceschet, U. Fuskeland, K. Ganga, J. -R. Gao, R. Génova-Santos, T. Ghigna, A. Gomez, M. L. Gradziel, J. Grain, F. Grupp, A. Gruppuso, J. E. Gudmundsson, N. W. Halverson, P. Hargrave, T. Hasebe, M. Hasegawa, M. Hattori, M. Hazumi, S. Henrot-Versille, D. Herranz, C. Hill, G. Hilton, Y. Hirota, E. Hivon, R. Hlozek, D. -T. Hoang, J. Hubmayr, K. Ichiki, T. Iida, H. Imada, K. Ishimura, H. Ishino, G. C. Jaehnig, M. Jones, T. Kaga, S. Kashima, Y. Kataoka, N. Katayama, T. Kawasaki, R. Keskitalo, A. Kibayashi, T. Kikuchi, K. Kimura, T. Kisner, Y. Kobayashi, N. Kogiso, A. Kogut, K. Kohri, E. Komatsu, K. Komatsu, K. Konishi, N. Krachmalnicoff, C. L. Kuo, N. Kurinsky, A. Kushino, M. Kuwata-Gonokami, L. Lamagna, M. Lattanzi, A. T. Lee, E. Linder, B. Maffei, D. Maino, M. Maki, A. Mangilli, E. Martínez-González, S. Masi, R. Mathon, T. Matsumura, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, Y. Minami, K. Mistuda, D. Molinari, L. Montier, G. Morgante, B. Mot, Y. Murata, J. A. Murphy, M. Nagai, R. Nagata, S. Nakamura, T. Namikawa, P. Natoli, S. Nerva, T. Nishibori, H. Nishino, Y. Nomura, F. Noviello, C. O'Sullivan, H. Ochi, H. Ogawa, H. Ogawa, H. Ohsaki, I. Ohta, N. Okada, N. Okada, L. Pagano, A. Paiella, D. Paoletti, G. Patanchon, F. Piacentini, G. Pisano, G. Polenta, D. Poletti, T. Prouvé, G. Puglisi, D. Rambaud, C. Raum, S. Realini, M. Remazeilles, G. Roudil, J. A. Rubiño-Martín, M. Russell, H. Sakurai, Y. Sakurai, M. Sandri, G. Savini, D. Scott, Y. Sekimoto, B. D. Sherwin, K. Shinozaki, M. Shiraishi, P. Shirron, G. Signorelli, G. Smecher, P. Spizzi, S. L. Stever, R. Stompor, S. Sugiyama, A. Suzuki, J. Suzuki, E. Switzer, R. Takaku, H. Takakura, S. Takakura, Y. Takeda, A. Taylor, E. Taylor, Y. Terao, K. L. Thompson, B. Thorne, M. Tomasi, H. Tomida, N. Trappe, M. Tristram, M. Tsuji, M. Tsujimoto, C. Tucker, J. Ullom, S. Uozumi, S. Utsunomiya, J. Van Lanen, G. Vermeulen, P. Vielva, F. Villa, M. Vissers, N. Vittorio, F. Voisin, I. Walker, N. Watanabe, I. Wehus, J. Weller, B. Westbrook, B. Winter, E. Wollack, R. Yamamoto, N. Y. Yamasaki, M. Yanagisawa, T. Yoshida, J. Yumoto, M. Zannoni, A. Zonca
备注：
Journal of Low Temperature Physics, in press
发表信息：
Journal of Low Temperature Physics 199, 1107 (2020)
Recent developments of transition-edge sensors (TESs), based on extensive experience in ground-based experiments, have been making the sensor techniques mature enough for their application on future satellite CMB polarization experiments. LiteBIRD is in the most advanced phase among such future satellites, targeting its launch in Japanese Fiscal Year 2027 (2027FY) with JAXA's H3 rocket. It will accommodate more than 4000 TESs in focal planes of reflective low-frequency and refractive medium-and-high-frequency telescopes in order to detect a signature imprinted on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by the primordial gravitational waves predicted in cosmic inflation. The total wide frequency coverage between 34GHz and 448GHz enables us to extract such weak spiral polarization patterns through the precise subtraction of our Galaxy's foreground emission by using spectral differences among CMB and foreground signals. Telescopes are cooled down to 5Kelvin for suppressing thermal noise and contain polarization modulators with transmissive half-wave plates at individual apertures for separating sky polarization signals from artificial polarization and for mitigating from instrumental 1/f noise. Passive cooling by using V-grooves supports active cooling with mechanical coolers as well as adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators. Sky observations from the second Sun-Earth Lagrangian point, L2, are planned for three years. An international collaboration between Japan, USA, Canada, and Europe is sharing various roles. In May 2019, the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), JAXA selected LiteBIRD as the strategic large mission No. 2.
The LiteBIRD satellite is planned to be launched by JAXA in the late 2020s. Its main purpose is to observe the large-scale B-mode polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anticipated from the Inflation theory. LiteBIRD will observe the sky for three years at the second Lagrangian point (L2) of the Sun-Earth system. Planck was the predecessor for observing the CMB at L2, and the onboard High Frequency Instrument (HFI) suffered contamination by glitches caused by the cosmic-ray (CR) hits. We consider the CR hits can also be a serious source of the systematic uncertainty for LiteBIRD…
LiteBIRD is a space-borne experiment dedicated to detecting large-scale $B$-mode anisotropies in the linear polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) predicted by the theory of inflation. It is planned to be launched in the late 2020s to the second Lagrange point (L2) of the Sun-Earth system. LiteBIRD will map the sky in 15 frequency bands. In comparison to $\it{Planck}$ HFI, the previous low-temperature bolometer-based satellite for CMB observations, the number of detector has increased by two orders of magnitude, up to $\sim$5000 detectors in total. The data rate is 19 Hz from ea…
As ever-more sensitive experiments are made in the quest for primordial CMB B Modes, the number of potentially significant astrophysical contaminants becomes larger as well. Thermal emission from interplanetary dust, for example, has been detected by the Planck satellite. While the polarization fraction of this Zodiacal, or interplanetary dust emission (IPDE) is expected to be low, it is bright enough to be detected in total power. Here, estimates of the magnitude of the effect as it might be seen by the LiteBIRD satellite are made. The COBE IPDE model from Kelsall et al. (1998) is combined wi…
Systematic effects arising from cosmic rays have been shown to be a significant threat to space telescopes using high-sensitivity bolometers. The LiteBIRD space mission aims to measure the polarised Cosmic Microwave Background with unprecedented sensitivity, but its positioning in space will also render it susceptible to cosmic ray effects. We present an end-to-end simulator for evaluating the expected scale of cosmic ray effect on the LiteBIRD space mission, which we demonstrate on a subset of detectors on the 166 GHz band of the Low Frequency Telescope. The simulator couples the expected pro…
Setting requirements on out-of-band rejection for next-generation CMB experiments. Application to the LiteBIRD instrument
Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale（空间天体物理研究所）；IRAP（天体物理学研究所）；Université de Toulouse（图卢兹大学）；CNES（法国国家空间研究中心）；Università La Sapienza（罗马第一大学）；INFN Sezione di Roma（意大利国家核物理研究院罗马分部）；Université Paris Cité（巴黎西岱大学）；Astroparticule et Cosmologie（粒子天体物理与宇宙学实验室）；Università degli Studi di Milano（米兰大学）；INFN Sezione di Milano（意大利国家核物理研究院米兰分部）；Cardiff University（卡迪夫大学）；High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)（高能加速器研究机构）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo（东京大学 Kavli宇宙粒子物理中心）；NIST Quantum Sensors Group（美国国家标准与技术研究院量子传感器小组）
Combining Systematic Effects in CMB Polarization Experiments through map-based simulations: application to LiteBIRD's HWP non-idealities and detectors non-linearity
Dipartimento di Fisica, Univ. La Sapienza（罗马大学物理系）；INFN Sezione di Roma（罗马国家核物理研究所）；Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPSC-IN2P3（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)（高能加速器研究机构）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙物质前沿研究中心）；International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA)（国际高等研究院）；INFN Sezione di Trieste（的里雅斯特国家核物理研究所）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Univ. of Milano-Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学物理系）
We study the propagation of a specific class of instrumental systematics to the reconstruction of the B-mode power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We focus on the non-idealities of the half-wave plate (HWP), a polarization modulator that is to be deployed by future CMB experiments, such as the phase-A satellite mission LiteBIRD. We study the effects of non-ideal HWP properties, such as transmittance, phase shift, and cross-polarization. To this end, we developed a simple, yet stand-alone end-to-end simulation pipeline adapted to LiteBIRD. We analyzed the effects of a possibl…
The LiteBIRD mission is a JAXA strategic L-class mission for all sky CMB surveys which will be launched in the 2020s. The main target of the mission is the detection of primordial gravitational waves with a sensitivity ofthe tensor-to-scalar ratio δr <0.001. The polarization modulator unit (PMU) represents a critical and powerful component to suppress 1/f noise contribution and mitigate systematic uncertainties induced by detector gain drift, both for the high-frequency telescope (HFT) and for the mid-frequency telescope (MFT). Each PMUs based on a continuously-rotating transmissive half-wave …
We present a demonstration of the in-flight polarization angle calibration for the JAXA/ISAS second strategic large class mission, LiteBIRD, and estimate its impact on the measurement of the tensor-to-scalar ratio parameter, r, using simulated data. We generate a set of simulated sky maps with CMB and polarized foreground emission, and inject instrumental noise and polarization angle offsets to the 22 (partially overlapping) LiteBIRD frequency channels. Our in-flight angle calibration relies on nulling the EB cross correlation of the polarized signal in each channel. This calibration step has …
LiteBIRD is a next-generation satellite mission to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. On large angular scales the B-mode polarization of the CMB carries the imprint of primordial gravitational waves, and its precise measurement would provide a powerful probe of the epoch of inflation. The goal of LiteBIRD is to achieve a measurement of the characterizing tensor to scalar ratio $r$ to an uncertainty of $δr=0.001$. In order to achieve this goal we will employ a kilo-pixel superconducting detector array on a cryogenically cooled sub-Kelvin focal plane wit…
Current and future Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Radiation experiments are targeting the polarized $B$-mode signal. The small amplitude of this signal makes a successful measurement challenging for current technologies. Therefore, very accurate studies to mitigate and control possible systematic effects are vital to achieve a successful observation. An additional challenge is coming from the presence of polarized Galactic foreground signals that contaminate the CMB signal. When they are combined, the foreground signals dominate the polarized CMB signal at almost every relevant frequency. F…
A cross-calibration approach for polarisation-sensitive detectors in CMB experiments: application to LiteBIRD's polarisation angle calibration
University of Milano Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza（罗马第一大学物理系）；INFN Sezione di Roma（罗马国家核物理研究所）；Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPSC-IN2P3（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris（巴黎高等师范学院物理实验室）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata（罗马第二大学物理系）；IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, UPS（图卢兹大学天体物理与粒子物理研究所）；Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA, CSIC-UC)（坎塔布里亚物理研究所）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università degli Studi di Padova（帕多瓦大学伽利略物理与天文系）；INFN Sezione di Padova（帕多瓦国家核物理研究所）
LiteBIRD is the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation polarization satellite mission led by ISAS/JAXA. The main scientific goal is to search for primordial gravitational wave signals generated from the inflation epoch of the Universe. LiteBIRD telescopes employ polarization modulation units (PMU) using continuously rotating half-wave plates (HWP). The PMU is a crucial component to reach unprecedented sensitivity by mitigating systematic effects, including 1/f noise. We have developed a 1/10 scale prototype PMU of the LiteBIRD LFT, which has a 5-layer achromatic HWP and a diameter of 50 m…
Mitigating half-wave plate systematics at the map-making level: calibration requirements for LiteBIRD
Università di Ferrara（费拉拉大学）；International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA)（国际高等研究院）；INFN Sezione di Trieste（意大利国家核物理研究所的里雅斯特分部）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙物质理论研究中心卡弗里宇宙起源与演化前沿科学中心）；Suwa University of Science（诹访理科短期大学）；Okayama University（冈山大学）；Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris（巴黎高等师范学院物理实验室）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma（罗马大学物理系）
We investigate the performance of a simple Bayesian fitting approach to correct the cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-mode polarization for gravitational lensing effects in the recovered probability distribution of the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We perform a two-dimensional power spectrum fit of the amplitude of the primordial B-modes (tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$) and the amplitude of the lensing B-modes (parameter $A_{lens}$), jointly with the estimation of the astrophysical foregrounds including both synchrotron and thermal dust emissions. Using this Bayesian framework, we forecast the abilit…
We address in this work the instrumental systematic errors that can potentially affect the forthcoming and future Cosmic Microwave Background experiments aimed at observing its polarized emission. In particular, we focus on the systematics induced by the beam and calibration, which are considered the major sources of leakage from total intensity measurements to polarization. We simulated synthetic data sets with Time-Ordered Astrophysics Scalable Tools, a publicly available simulation and data analysis package. We also propose a mitigation technique aiming at reducing the leakage by means of a…
LiteBIRD has been selected as JAXA's strategic large mission in the 2020s, to observe the cosmic microwave background (CMB) $B$-mode polarization over the full sky at large angular scales. The challenges of LiteBIRD are the wide field-of-view (FoV) and broadband capabilities of millimeter-wave polarization measurements, which are derived from the system requirements. The possible paths of stray light increase with a wider FoV and the far sidelobe knowledge of $-56$ dB is a challenging optical requirement. A crossed-Dragone configuration was chosen for the low frequency telescope (LFT : 34--161…
LiteBIRD is a proposed JAXA satellite mission to measure the CMB B-mode polarization with unprecedented sensitivity ($σ_r\sim 0.001$). To achieve this goal, $4676$ state-of-the-art TES bolometers will observe the whole sky for 3 years from L2. These detectors, as well as the SQUID readout, are extremely susceptible to EMI and other instrumental disturbances e.g. static magnetic field and vibration. As a result, careful analysis of the interference between the detector system and the rest of the telescope instruments is essential. This study is particularly important during the early phase of t…
LiteBIRD, the Lite (Light) satellite for the study of B-mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection, is a space mission for primordial cosmology and fundamental physics. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) selected LiteBIRD in May 2019 as a strategic large-class (L-class) mission, with an expected launch in the late 2020s using JAXA's H3 rocket. LiteBIRD is planned to orbit the Sun-Earth Lagrangian point L2, where it will map the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization over the entire sky for three years, with three telescopes in 15 frequency ban…
We are developing multi-chroic antenna-coupled TES detectors for CMB polarimetry. Multi-chroic detectors increase the mapping speed per focal plane area and provide greater discrimination of polarized galactic foregrounds with no increase in weight or cryogenic cost. In each pixel, a silicon lens-coupled dual polarized sinuous antenna collects light over a two-octave frequency band. The antenna couples the broadband millimeter wave signal into microstrip transmission lines, and on-chip filter banks split the broadband signal into several frequency bands. Separate TES bolometers detect the powe…
The quest for primordial gravitational waves enclosed in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization B-modes signal motivates the development of a new generation of high sensitive experiments (e.g. CMB-S4, LiteBIRD) that would allow them to detect its imprint.Neverthless, this will be only possible by ensuring a high control of the instrumental systematic effects and an accurate absolute calibration of the polarization angle. The Crab nebula is known to be a polarization calibrator on the sky for CMB experiments, already used for the Planck satellite it exhibits a high polarized signal …
A crucial problem for partial sky analysis of CMB polarization is the $E$-$B$ leakage problem. Such leakage arises from the presence of `ambiguous' modes that satisfy properties of both $E$ and $B$ modes. Solving this problem is critical for primordial polarization $B$ mode detection in partial sky CMB polarization experiments. In this work we introduce a new method for reducing the leakage. We demonstrate that if we complement the $E$-mode information outside the observation patch with ancillary data from full-sky CMB observations, we can reduce and even effectively remove the $E$-to-$B$ leak…
In this article, we do a thorough investigation of the competency of the forthcoming Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Galaxy surveys in probing the features in the primordial power spectrum. Primordial features are specific model-dependent corrections on top of the standard power-law inflationary power spectrum; the functional form being given by different inflationary scenarios. Signature of any significant departure from the feature-less power spectrum will enable us to decipher the intricacies of the inflationary Universe. Here, we delve into three major yet distinct features, namely, …
LiteBIRD, the Lite (Light) satellite for the study of B-mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection, is a space mission for primordial cosmology and fundamental physics. JAXA selected LiteBIRD in May 2019 as a strategic large-class (L-class) mission, with its expected launch in the late 2020s using JAXA's H3 rocket. LiteBIRD plans to map the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization over the full sky with unprecedented precision. Its main scientific objective is to carry out a definitive search for the signal from cosmic inflation, either making a discovery …
Optimizing spectral-matching component separation for measuring CMB B-mode polarization with a satellite mission
Université Paris Cité（巴黎西岱大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Astroparticule et Cosmologie（亚原子粒子与宇宙学）；ILANCE, CNRS – University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory（ILANCE，日本东京大学-法国国家科学研究中心国际研究实验室）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙物质前沿研究所（Kavli IPMU））；Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；IJCLab（伊夫·让勒默物理研究所）
LiteBIRD is a JAXA-led Strategic Large-Class mission designed to search for the existence of the primordial gravitational waves produced during the inflationary phase of the Universe, through the measurements of their imprint onto the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). These measurements, requiring unprecedented sensitivity, will be performed over the full sky, at large angular scales, and over 15 frequency bands from 34GHz to 448GHz. The LiteBIRD instruments consist of three telescopes, namely the Low-, Medium- and High-Frequency Telescope (respectively LFT, MFT and HFT). …
A side-fed crossed Dragone telescope provides a wide field-of-view. This type of a telescope is commonly employed in the measurement of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization, which requires an image-space telecentric telescope with a large focal plane over broadband coverage. We report the design of the wide field-of-view crossed Dragone optical system using the anamorphic aspherical surfaces with correction terms up to the 10th order. We achieved the Strehl ratio larger than 0.95 over 32 by 18 square degrees at 150 GHz. This design is an image-space telecentric and fully diffraction-…
