在制图层面缓解半波片系统误差：LiteBIRD任务的校准要求
Mitigating half-wave plate systematics at the map-making level: calibration requirements for LiteBIRD
AI总结：
本文研究了半波片非理想特性对LiteBIRD任务制图精度的影响，提出端到端框架以量化其对张量-标量比$r$的偏差，并推导了校准要求以确保科学目标的实现。
摘要：
尽管半波片（HWPs）已成为宇宙微波背景（CMB）实验中流行的偏振调制器，但其非理想特性可能引入系统误差，需要仔细表征和缓解。一种可能的缓解策略是在制图层面纳入非理想特性信息，这有助于减少半波片引起的重建CMB的失真。然而，这些非理想特性只能以有限精度被了解。在本文中，我们研究了其真实频率特性与制图者假设的频率特性之间的差异所带来的后果。我们提出一个端到端的框架，包括盲源分离步骤，并利用它将这些差异转化为对张量-标量比$r$的偏差。随后，我们推导出对准确表征半波片非理想特性的真实且保守的测量要求，以确保它们不会损害LiteBIRD任务雄心勃勃的科学目标。我们发现，所获得的结果在具有不同复杂度的天空模型中具有鲁棒性。
英文摘要：
Although half-wave plates (HWPs) are becoming a popular choice of polarization modulators for cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments, their non-idealities can introduce systematic effects that should be carefully characterized and mitigated. One possible mitigation strategy is to incorporate information about the non-idealities at the map-making level, which helps to reduce the HWP-induced distortions of the reconstructed CMB. Nevertheless, the non-idealities can only be known with finite precision. In this paper we investigate the consequences of discrepancies between their true frequency profiles and those assumed by the map-maker. We present an end-to-end framework, including a blind component-separation step, and use it to translate these discrepancies into a bias on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, for the LiteBIRD satellite mission. We subsequently derive realistic and conservative measurement requirements for accurately characterizing the HWP non-idealities to ensure they do not compromise LiteBIRD's ambitious scientific goals. We find that the obtained results are robust against sky models with varying complexity.
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