Planets form in protoplanetary discs. Their masses, distribution, and orbits sensitively depend on the structure of the protoplanetary discs. However, what sets the initial structure of the discs in terms of mass, radius and accretion rate is still unknown. We perform non-ideal MHD numerical simulations using the adaptive mesh refinement code Ramses, of a collapsing, one solar mass, molecular core to study the disc formation and early, up to 100 kyr, evolution, paying great attention to the impact of numerical resolution and accretion scheme. We found that while the mass of the central object is almost independent of the numerical parameters such as the resolution and the accretion scheme onto the sink particle, the disc mass, and to a lower extent its size, heavily depend on the accretion scheme, which we found, is itself resolution dependent. This implies that the accretion onto the star and through the disc are largely decoupled. For a relatively large domain of initial conditions (except at low magnetisation), we found that the properties of the disc do not change too significantly. In particular both the level of initial rotation and turbulence do not influence the disc properties provide the core is sufficiently magnetized. After a short relaxation phase, the disc settles in a stationary state. It then slowly grows in size but not in mass. The disc itself is weakly magnetized but its immediate surrounding is on the contrary highly magnetized. Our results show that the disc properties directly depend on the inner boundary condition, i.e. the accretion scheme onto the central object, suggesting that the disc mass is eventually controlled by the small scale accretion process, possibly the star-disc interaction. Because of ambipolar diffusion and its significant resistivity, the disc diversity remains limited and except for low magnetisation, their properties are (abridged).
Rapid destruction of protoplanetary discs due to externalphotoevaporation in star-forming regions
我们分析了恒星形成区的N体模拟，以研究大质量恒星外部远紫外光蒸发对原行星盘的影响。通过改变模拟恒星形成区域的初始条件，如空间分布，净体积运动（维里比）和密度，我们调查哪些参数最影响光盘分散由于外部光蒸发的速率。我们发现，光盘分散由于外部光蒸发是更快的高度亚结构的恒星形成区域比在光滑和集中的地区。亚维里恒星形成区域发生坍缩也显示出比处于维里平衡或正在膨胀的区域更高的星盘分散率。在中等密度（$\sim$ 100 M $_{\odot}$ pc $^{-3}$）区域，半径$\geq$ 100 AU的所有原行星盘中有一半在100万年内被光蒸发，比目前观测研究提出的速度快三倍。在低密度恒星形成区（$\sim$ 10 M $_{\odot}$ pc $^{-3}$）的星盘存活时间更长，但一半的星盘仍然分散在较短的时间尺度上（$\sim$ 2 Myr）。这表明恒星形成区的初始条件将极大地影响原行星盘的演化和寿命。这些结果也意味着，要么气体巨星行星形成是非常迅速的，发生在盘的气体成分被蒸发之前，要么气体巨星只形成在低密度的恒星形成区域，那里没有大质量恒星存在，以从原行星盘中光蒸发气体。
