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arXiv 1912.12554astro-ph.EP
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土卫二冰壳上只有一个极点的间歇泉的自发形成

Spontaneous formation of geysers at only one pole on Enceladus' ice shell

Wanying Kang, Glenn Flierl

摘要:

土卫二是土星的一颗冰冷卫星,其冰壳在南北半球之间表现出强烈的不对称性,所有已知的间歇泉都集中在南极,尽管预期的潮汐旋转变形模式应该在南北两极之间对称。使用一个理想化的冰演化模型,我们证明,这种不对称性可能会自发形成,没有任何明显的先验不对称性(如巨大的影响或地质活动的结构),与以往的研究相反。由于随机扰动的冰壳厚度的无穷小的不对称被发现能够无限增长,最终显着变薄的冰壳在两极之一,从而允许在那里形成裂缝。通过分析找到了触发这种半球对称性破缺机制的必要条件。我们发现的一个经验法则是,对于伽利略和土星的冰卫星,只有当冰壳的平均厚度在10-30 km左右时,冰壳才能发生半球对称破缺。

英文摘要:

The ice shell on Enceladus, an icy moon of Saturn, exhibits strong asymmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres, with all known geysers concentrated over the south pole, even though the expected pattern of tidal-rotational deformation should be symmetric between the north and south poles. Using an idealized ice evolution model, we demonstrate that this asymmetry may form spontaneously, without any noticeable a priori asymmetry (such as a giant impact or a monopole structure of geological activity), in contrast to previous studies. Infinitesimal asymmetry in the ice shell thickness due to random perturbations are found to be able to grow indefinitely, ending up significantly thinning the ice shell at one of the poles, thereby allowing fracture formation there. Necessary conditions to trigger this hemispheric symmetry breaking mechanism are found analytically. A rule of thumb we find is that, for Galilean and Saturnian icy moons, the ice shell can undergo hemispheric symmetry breaking only if the mean shell thickness is around 10-30~km.

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