An accurate and efficient numerical calculation of detonation waves in multidimensional supernova simulations using a burning limiter and adaptive quasi-statistical equilibrium
Doron Kushnir, Boaz Katz
备注:
21 pages, 15 figures. The main results are summarized in the first 5 pages (with 3 figures). Revised following referee's review
Resolving the small length-scale of thermonuclear detonation waves (TNDWs) in supernovae is currently not possible in multidimensional full-star simulations. Additionally, multidimensional simulations usually use small, oversimplistic reaction networks and adopt an ad hoc transition criterion to nuclear statistical equilibrium (NSE). The errors due to the applied approximations are not well understood. We present here a new accurate and efficient numerical scheme that accelerates the calculations by orders of magnitudes and allows the structure of TNDWs to be resolved. The numerical scheme has two important ingredients: (1) a burning limiter that broadens the width of the TNDW while accurately preserving its internal structure, and (2) an adaptive separation of isotopes into groups that are in nuclear statistical quasi-equilibrium, which resolves the time-consuming burning calculation of reactions that are nearly balanced out. Burning is calculated in situ employing the required large networks without the use of post-processing or pre-describing the conditions behind the TNDW. In particular, the approach to and deviation from NSE are calculated self-consistently. The scheme can be easily implemented in multidimensional codes. We test our scheme against accurate solutions of the structure of TNDWs and against homogeneous expansion from NSE. We show that with resolutions that are typical for multidimensional full-star simulations, we reproduce the accurate thermodynamic trajectory (density, temperature, etc.) to an accuracy that is better than a percent for the resolved scales (where the burning limiter is not applied), while keeping the error for unresolved scales (broadened by the burning limiter) within a few percent.
Nucleosynthesis in Two-Dimensional Delayed Detonation Models of Type Ia Supernova Explosions
通过对Ia型超新星(SNe Ia)三种极端情况的二维爆炸模拟,探讨了不同爆炸机制的核合成特征:纯湍流爆燃、初始爆燃近似球形点火后的延迟爆轰和高度非对称爆燃点火后的延迟爆轰.除了这个初始条件,爆燃阶段被视为在一个无参数的方法。当湍流燃烧进入分布燃烧区时,爆震开始。这发生在密度约$10^{7}$ g cm $^{-3}$ -相对较低,相比现有的核合成研究一维球对称模型。这些多维模型中的燃烧不同于一维模型中的燃烧,因为爆轰波既传播到白矮星中心附近的高密度区中的未燃烧物质,又传播到表面附近的低密度区。因此,所得到的产物是不同爆炸燃烧产物的混合物,从低密度的碳燃烧产物到最高密度的完全硅燃烧产物,以及在爆燃阶段合成的电子捕获产物。与爆燃模型相反,延迟爆轰产生一种特征性的层状结构,其产率在很大程度上满足银河系化学演化的约束。在非对称延迟爆轰模型中,填充有电子捕获物质(例如,$^{58}$ Ni,$^{54}$ Fe)在壳内,显示出大的偏移,高于$^{56}$ Ni分布的主体,而由爆炸产生的物质分布得更球形(简化)。
No double detonations but core carbon ignitions in high-resolution, grid-based simulations of binary white dwarf mergers
我们研究了大质量双星白矮星系统合并的剧烈相。我们的目标是描述爆炸燃烧发生的条件,并确定Ia型超新星可能的爆炸机制。我们的模型系统的主要成分是碳氧(C/O)白矮星,而次要成分是由C/O或纯氦组成。我们占潮汐的影响,在初始条件下,在一个自洽的方式,并考虑最初良好分离的系统缓慢的inspiral率。我们研究了合并的演变使用自适应网格细化,反应,欧拉代码在三维空间,假设对称的轨道平面。我们使用一个同向旋转的参考系,以尽量减少数值扩散的影响,并使用多重网格的方法解决自重。我们发现了一种新的爆轰机制,在C/O合并与大量的初级。在这里,爆炸发生在原核的核心,并依赖于潮汐加热,吸积加热和自加热的综合作用,由于核燃烧。爆炸结构的成分分层,与一个反向冲击形成的密集喷出物的表面。在其他地方没有报道过这种冲击的存在。爆炸能量($1.6\times 10^{51}$ erg)和$^{56}$ Ni质量(0.86 M $_\odot$)与超新星Ia在光度分布的亮端一致,近似下降率为$Δm_{15}(B)\approx 0.99$。我们的研究不支持双爆轰的情况下,0.6 M $_\odot$氦次级和0.9 M $_\odot$主要的系统。虽然吸积的氦爆炸,但它未能点燃边界层底部或原爆堆芯的碳。
Filling The Pockets: The Spherical Nature of 3D Deflagration in Thermonuclear Supernovae
Florida State University(佛罗里达州立大学);KU Leuven(荷语鲁汶大学);University of Hawai’i at Manoa(夏威夷大学马诺阿分校);Planetary Science Institute(行星科学研究所);Hamburger Sternwarte(汉堡天文台)
Near-infrared spectral evolution of the Type Ia supernova 2014J in the nebular phase: implications for the progenitor system
SN 2014 J是数十年来最接近的Ia型超新星,除了燃烧产物分布外,它还提供了一个独特的机会,可以详细研究祖先系统和爆炸机制的观测特征。我们提出了一个晚的时间近红外光谱系列Gemini-N在$307-466$天后爆炸。在$H$带演化之后,探测放射性铁族元素的分布、混合的程度以及膨胀喷出物中磁场的存在。比较孤立的$1.6440$ $μ$ m [Fe II]发射线与合成模型显示出一致性,与一颗$ρ_c=0.7\times10^9$ g cm ${}^{-3}$质量的白矮星经历延迟爆轰。相邻的$1.54$ $μ$ m发射特征中的通量与$1.6440$ $μ$ m特征中的通量的比率显示了在中心区域中稳定的和放射性的铁族元素的一些有限混合的证据。此外,$1.6440$ $μ$ m线的演变显示出有趣的不对称性。当测量线宽的这一功能,数据显示的合成光谱,对应于$\approx1{,}000$公里秒${}^{-1}$,这可能是由一个本地化的过渡到爆炸产生不对称电离的喷出物的演变中看不到的线宽增加。利用不同时期之间的宽度差异,中心区域的不对称分量(大约对应于白矮星质量的内部$2\times10^{-4}$)表明初始爆炸的偏心点火,因此运动中心与化学中心的点火。其他几个模型的调查,包括他爆炸和合并,有困难再现这些光谱的功能。