arXiv 1912.044002019-12-09physics.app-phcond-mat.mtrl-sci

电化学储能3D打印方法和材料的演变

Evolution of 3D Printing Methods and Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Vladimir Egorov, Umair Gulzar, Yan Zhang, Siobhán Breen, Colm O'Dwyer

备注：: 50 pages, 9 figures, 204 references
DOI：: 10.1002/adma.202000556

摘要：

增材制造已经彻底改变了直接从设计开始的材料构建，允许在复杂的3D设计中使用多种材料进行高分辨率快速原型制作。3D打印已经实现了高强度的损伤容限结构，生物打印的人造器官和组织，超轻金属，医学，教育，假肢，建筑，消费电子产品，并作为工程师和爱好者的原型工具。近年来，3D打印已成为电池和超级电容器的复杂电极和材料组装方法的有用工具。该领域最初是从基于挤出的方法（如熔融沉积成型）发展而来，并发展到复杂复合材料的光聚合印刷，而超级电容器技术对溶剂不太敏感，通常涉及材料喷射过程。支撑3D打印电池和许多其他设备的每个部分是打印方法和进料的性质。材料纯度、打印保真度、准确性、复杂性以及形成导电、陶瓷、玻璃或溶剂稳定塑料的能力在一定程度上依赖于进料或复合材料的性质，以至于3D可打印电池和电化学能量存储设备的未来将取决于材料和打印方法，这些材料和打印方法将通过设备的要求以及如何制造来协同通知。在这个角度，我们解决了3D打印电池和超级电容器的材料和方法要求，并通过将现有的性能限制与可打印储能材料，外壳材料以及电极和电解质的直接打印要求联系起来，概述了该领域未来的要求。我们还展望未来，从增材制造中汲取灵感，将材料和打印方法联系起来，以实现新的形状因子细胞。

英文摘要：

Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the building of materials direct from design, allowing high resolution rapid prototyping in complex 3D designs with many materials. 3D printing hasenabled high strength damage-tolerant structures, bioprinted artificial organs and tissues, ultralight metals, medicine, education, prosthetics, architecture, consumer electronics,and as a prototyping tool for engineers and hobbyists alike. 3D printing has emerged as a useful tool for complex electrode and material assembly method for batteries and supercapacitors in recent years. The field initially grew from extrusion-based methods such as fused deposition modelling, and evolved to photopolymerization printing of intricate composites, while supercapacitor technologies less sensitive to solvents more often involved material jetting processes. Underpinning every part of a 3D printable battery and many other devices is the printing method and the nature of the feed material. Material purity, printing fidelity, accuracy, complexity, and the ability to form conductive, ceramic, glassy, or solvent-stable plastics relies on the nature of the feed material or composite to such an extent, that the future of 3D printable batteries and electrochemical energy storage devices will depend on materials and printing methods that are co-operatively informed by the requirements of the device and how it is fabricated. In this Perspective, we address the materials and methods requirements in 3D printable batteries and supercapacitors and outline requirements for the future of the field by linking existing performance limitations to the requirements of printable energy storage materials, casing materials and the direct printing of electrodes and electrolytes. We also look to the future by taking inspiration from additive manufacturing, to posit links between materials and printing methods to allow new form factor cells.

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