Comprehensive Characterization of Solar Eruptions With Remote and In-Situ Observations, and Modeling: The Major Solar Events on 4 November 2015
Iver H. Cairns, Kamen A. Kozarev, Nariaki V. Nitta, Neus Agueda, Markus Battarbee, Eoin P. Carley, Nina Dresing, Raul Gomez-Herrero, Karl-Ludwig Klein, David La… 展开作者
Iver H. Cairns, Kamen A. Kozarev, Nariaki V. Nitta, Neus Agueda, Markus Battarbee, Eoin P. Carley, Nina Dresing, Raul Gomez-Herrero, Karl-Ludwig Klein, David Lario, Jens Pomoell, Carolina Salas-Matamoros, Astrid M. Veronig, Bo Li, Patrick McCauley
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56 pages, 25 figures; Accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are an important product of solar activity. They are connected to solar active regions and flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), EUV waves, shocks, Type II and III radio emissions, and X-ray bursts. These phenomena are major probes of the partition of energy in solar eruptions, as well as for the organization, dynamics, and relaxation of coronal and interplanetary magnetic fields. Many of these phenomena cause terrestrial space weather, posing multiple hazards for humans and their technology from space to the ground. Since particular flares, shocks, CMEs, and EUV waves produce SEP events but others do not, since propagation effects from the low corona to 1 AU appear important for some events but not others, and since Type II and III radio emissions and X-ray bursts are sometimes produced by energetic particles leaving these acceleration sites, it is necessary to study the whole system with a multi-frequency and multi-instrument perspective that combines both in-situ and remote observations with detailed modelling of phenomena. This article demonstrates this comprehensive approach, and shows its necessity, by analysing a trio of unusual and striking solar eruptions, radio and X-ray bursts, and SEP events that occurred on 4 November 2015. These events show both strong similarities and differences from standard events and each other, despite having very similar interplanetary conditions and only two are sites and CME genesis regions. They are therefore major targets for further in-depth observational studies, and for testing both existing and new theories and models. Based on the very limited modelling available we identify the aspects that are and are not understood, and we discuss ideas that may lead to improved understanding of the SEP, radio, and space-weather events.
A Challenging Solar Eruptive Event of 18 November 2003 and the Causes of the 20 November Geomagnetic Superstorm. I. Unusual History of an Eruptive Filament
A Challenging Solar Eruptive Event of 18 November 2003 and the Causes of the 20 November Geomagnetic Superstorm. III. Catastrophe of the Eruptive Filament at a Magnetic Null Point and Formation of an Opposite-Handedness CME
Multispacecraft Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations of the 2020 November 29 Coronal Mass Ejection and Associated Shock: From Solar Source to Heliospheric Impacts
Small-scale Turbulent Motion of the Plasma in a Solar Filament as the Precursor of Eruption
灯丝是一种由日冕中的磁场支撑的密集的冷等离子体,它经常变得不稳定并爆发。根据经验,暗条经常表现出一些激活,例如喷发前的湍流运动。在我们之前的研究(Seki等人,2017)中,我们分析了Hα细丝的多普勒速度,发现细丝中视线速度(LOSV)分布的标准差(这表明小尺度运动的幅度增加)在爆发开始之前增加。在这里,我们对这一丝状喷发进行了进一步的分析,它大约在2016年11月5日03:40UT在NOAA AR 12605附近开始。它包括日冕线观测和周围磁场的外推。我们发现,无论是空间平均的微湍流内的灯丝和附近的日冕线发射增加6和10小时前,分别爆发。在这一事件中,我们没有发现任何显着的变化,在全球位场配置喷发前的过去2天,这表明有一种情况下,很难预测喷发仅通过跟踪外推的全球磁场。在空间天气预报方面,我们对暗条湍流运动的研究结果可以作为暗条爆发的有用前兆。
A Challenging Solar Eruptive Event of 18 November 2003 and the Causes of the 20 November Geomagnetic Superstorm. II. CMEs, Shock Waves, and Drifting Radio Bursts
我们继续我们对2003年11月18日地球效应事件的研究(Grechnev et al.(2013),doi:10.1007/s11207-013-0316-6; Paper I)。为了了解那天观测到的日冕瞬变对地球空间的可能影响,我们研究了它们在极紫外线、LASCO白光图像和动态射电光谱中的太阳近地表表现。我们调和近地表活动与日冕物质抛射(CME)的扩张,并确定其相对于地球方向的方向。运动学测量、动力学射电光谱、微波和X射线光变曲线都有助于综合事件的整体图像,并证实了在08:07 - 08:20 UT靠近论文I中假定的太阳盘中心的额外爆发。喷射的不寻常特征似乎与11月20日超级风暴的来源相匹配,但使LASCO图像中的检测变得无望。另一方面,LASCO观测到的CME似乎都不是超级风暴源的有希望的候选者,最多只能对地球的磁层产生一次轻微的打击。我们的分析证实了在事件中揭示的冲击波的自由传播,并将其运动学与“EUV波”和动态无线电频谱协调起来,最高可达十米。
Tracking a solar energetic eruption and associated energetic particles from Sun to spacecraft
University of Turku(图尔库大学);Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, University of Turku(图尔库科学与技术医学学院,图尔库大学);University of Graz(格拉茨大学);Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP)(波茨坦莱布尼茨天体物理研究所 (AIP));LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS(拉格朗日天体物理学实验室,巴黎天文台,巴黎文理研究大学,索邦大学,巴黎西岱大学,塞吉-蓬图瓦兹大学,法国国家科学研究中心)
A remarkable recurrent nova in M31 - The optical observations
2013年11月下旬,M31经常性新星M31 N 2008- 12 a在五年内第五次爆发。目的:在这封信中,我们解决的光学光变曲线和祖系统的M31 N 2008- 12 a。研究方法:2013年的光学成像数据从利物浦望远镜,拉帕尔马,丹麦1.54米望远镜,拉西拉,和档案哈勃太空望远镜近红外,光学和近紫外数据的爆发进行天体测量和光度分析。结果如下:2013年爆发的光度测量,结合之前的三次爆发,使一个非常快的新星,t2(V)~4天的模板光变曲线的建设成为可能。档案数据允许恢复的祖先系统的光学和近紫外数据,表明一个红巨星二次与明亮的吸积盘,或者是一个系统与亚巨星二次,但占主导地位的磁盘。结论:M31 N 2008- 12 a的爆发和一些历史性的X射线探测表明,这是一个独特的系统,重现时间约为1年。这意味着一个非常高质量的白矮星和高吸积率的存在。我们鼓励更多的观测,特别是在2014年底。
A Major Geomagnetic Storm in 2024 October Linked to Sympathetic CME--Prominence Eruptions
State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家空间科学中心太阳活动与空间天气重点实验室);School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院);Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration(中国气象局国家卫星气象中心(国家空间天气监测预警中心)空间天气重点实验室);School of Microelectronics and Physics, Hunan University of Technology and Business(湖南工业大学微电子与物理学院)
Comprehensive solar eruption analyses enabled by the tools of the SOLER project
University of Turku(图尔库大学);University of Graz(格拉茨大学);Observatoire de Paris(巴黎天文台);Université PSL(PSL大学);Sorbonne Université(索邦大学);Université Paris Cité(巴黎西岱大学);CY Cergy Paris Université(塞吉-蓬图瓦兹大学);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心);High Altitude Observatory(高海拔观测站);NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research(美国国家大气研究中心);Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology(图尔库科学技术学院);Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam(波茨坦莱布尼茨天体物理研究所)
Probing shock geometry via the charge to mass ratio dependence of heavy ion spectra from multiple spacecraft observations of the 2013 November 4 event
在大SEP事件中,离子可以在CME驱动的冲击中被加速到非常高的能量。在许多大的SEP事件中,重离子的光谱显示出诸如翻转或光谱突变的特征。在某些情况下,当光谱以能量/核子为单位绘制时,它们可以相对于彼此移动,以使光谱断裂对齐。位移量取决于荷质比(Q/A),并且随事件而变化。如果重离子的光谱是由扩散系数组织的,则可以理解这一点(Cohen等人,2005年)。在Li et al.(2009)的工作中,当CME驱动的激波靠近太阳时,标度的Q/A依赖性与激波的几何形状有关。对于存在多个现场航天器观测的事件,人们可能会期望不同的航天器连接到具有不同激波几何形状的CME驱动激波的不同部分,因此产生不同的Q/A依赖性。在这项工作中,我们研究了2013年11月4日发生的一个SEP事件。研究了氦、氧、铁离子重离子谱能量标度的Q/A依赖性。检查了STEREO-A、STEREO-B和ACE的观测结果。我们发现,不同的航天器的标度是不同的。我们认为,这是因为ACE,STEREO-A和STEREO-B连接到具有不同激波几何形状的激波的不同部分。我们的分析表明,研究现场粒子谱的Q/A标度可以作为一个强大的工具,远程检查的冲击几何大SEP事件。
Breakout/Interchange Reconnection as a driver of Jets, Fast Coronal Mass Ejection, and Solar Energetic Particles
American University(美国大学);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心);University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);Durham University(杜伦大学);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);The Catholic University of America(天主教大学)
Arrival time calculation for interplanetary coronal mass ejections with circular fronts and application to STEREO observations of the 2009 February 13 eruption
Discrepancies in the Properties of a Coronal Mass Ejection on Scales of 0.03~au as Revealed by Simultaneous Measurements at Solar Orbiter and Wind: The 2021 November 3--5 Event
本研究利用 SolO 和 Wind 同步原位观测,发现 2.2° 角向分离即可导致 CME 磁云性质显著差异,排除了时间演化,证实空间变化是主因,且使预测误差显著增大。