区分地球侧和远侧太阳事件的影响：一项案例研究
Separating the effects of earthside and far side solar events. A case study
AI总结：
本研究通过分析2013年11月8日的太阳观测数据，明确了当日晕状CME起源于太阳远侧爆发，地球侧X级耀斑相关激波未持续传播，厘清了不同太阳事件的关联与影响。
摘要：
2013年11月8日观测到一次晕状日冕物质抛射（CME），同时伴随耀斑和II型射电暴，但耀斑、射电暴与该CME之间的关联尚不明确。本研究旨在确定此次CME的起源及其传播方向，并排除与它无关的特征。\n在朝向地球的一侧，一次GOES C5.7级耀斑在估算的CME发射时间附近发生，随后出现一次X1.1级耀斑。后者与极紫外（EUV）波和米波II型射电暴相关。在太阳远侧，观测太阳背面的日地关系天文台（STEREO）航天器上的成像仪器观测到一次暗条爆发、EUV暗化以及被抛射的CME环。STEREO的射电仪器观测到一次十米-百米波长的行星际（IP）II型射电暴，而位于地球附近L1点的Wind航天器上的射电仪器未观测到该射电暴。\n我们表明，此次晕状CME起源于太阳远侧的爆发，且行星际II型射电暴由晕状CME前方的激波产生。即使在日心源高度大于9个太阳半径时，地球侧仍未观测到该射电暴。在CME传播期间，X级耀斑爆发引发了一次朝向地球的小型等离子体团抛射，其物质叠加在投影观测到的早期CME结构之上。米波II型射电暴的估算高度与X级耀斑引发的EUV波高度匹配良好。由于该射电辐射未继续向更低频率延伸，我们得出结论：激波未进一步传播。要么激波驱动源作为爆炸波逐渐消散，要么驱动源速度不再超过当地阿尔文速度。
英文摘要：
On 8 November 2013 a halo-type coronal mass ejection (CME) was observed, together with flares and type II radio bursts, but the association between the flares, radio bursts, and the CME was not clear. Our aim is to identify the origin of the CME and its direction of propagation, and to exclude features that were not connected to it. On the Earth-facing side, a GOES C5.7 class flare occurred close to the estimated CME launch time, followed by an X1.1 class flare. The latter flare was associated with an EUV wave and metric type II bursts. On the far side of the Sun, a filament eruption, EUV dimmings, and ejected CME loops were observed by imaging instruments onboard the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft that were viewing the backside of the Sun. The STEREO radio instruments observed an interplanetary (IP) type II radio burst at decameter-hectometric wavelengths, which was not observed by the radio instrument onboard the Wind spacecraft located at L1 near Earth. We show that the halo CME originated from the eruption on the far side of the Sun, and that the IP type II burst was created by a shock wave ahead of the halo CME. The radio burst remained unobserved from the earthside, even at heliocentric source heights larger than 9 solar radii. During the CME propagation, the X-class flare eruption caused a small plasmoid ejection earthward, the material of which was superposed on the earlier CME structures observed in projection. The estimated heights of the metric type II burst match well with the EUV wave launched by the X-class flare. As this radio emission did not continue to lower frequencies, we conclude that the shock wave did not propagate any further. Either the shock driver died out, as a blast wave, or the driver speed no longer exceeded the local Alfven speed.
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