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arXiv 1909.11244quant-ph
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量子位掩蔽的完全表征

Complete characterization of qubit masking

Xiao-Bin Liang, Bo Li, Shao-Ming Fei

摘要:

我们研究了通过非零线性算子将编码在单个量子比特中的信息分配给两个量子比特之间的相关性的信息掩蔽问题。结果表明,一个非零的线性算子不能屏蔽任何非零的量子比特态测度集。我们证明了Bloch球上关于任何掩蔽子的最大可掩蔽态集是球面圆上的最大可掩蔽态集。Bloch球面上的球面圆上的任何态都是可屏蔽的,这也证明了Modi等人[Phys.Rev.Lett. 120,230501(2018)]。我们为所有可屏蔽集合提供了明确可操作的酉屏蔽器。作为应用,介绍了不同的秘密共享协议。

英文摘要:

We study the problem of information masking through nonzero linear operators that distribute information encoded in single qubits to the correlations between two qubits. It is shown that a nonzero linear operator cannot mask any nonzero measure set of qubit states. We prove that the maximal maskable set of states on the Bloch sphere with respect to any masker is the ones on a spherical circle. Any states on a spherical circle on the Bloch sphere are maskable, which also proves the conjecture on maskable qubit states given by Modi et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 230501 (2018)]. we provide explicitly operational unitary maskers for all maskable sets. As applications, different protocols for secret sharing are introduced.

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