Raj Kishore, Asmita Mukherjee, Sangem Rajesh
We present a recent calculation of the single spin asymmetry in inclusive photoproducton of $J/ψ$ at the future EIC, that can be used to probe the gluon Sivers function.
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We calculate the Sivers asymmetry in the photoproduction of almost back-to-back $J/ψ$-jet pair in the process $ep^\uparrow \to J/ψ+\mathrm{jet}+X$, which will be possible at the future planned electron-ion collider (EIC). We use the framework of generalized parton model (GPM), and NRQCD for calculating the $J/ψ$ production rate. We include contributions from both color singlet and color octate states in the asymmetry. We obtain sizable Sivers asymmetry that can be promising to determine the gluon Sivers function. We also investigate the effect of TMD evolution on the asymmetry.
We study the Sivers asymmetry in inelastic $J/ψ$ leptoproduction, $ep^\uparrow \to e+ J/ψ+X$, within a transverse momentum dependent scheme, the so-called generalized parton model (GPM). The effects of final-state interactions are properly taken into account by employing the color-gauge invariant GPM (CGI-GPM). For the $J/ψ$ formation the non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) framework is adopted. Predictions for unpolarized cross sections and maximized Sivers asymmetries at EIC energies are given.
We investigate the single transverse-spin asymmetry with a $\sin (ϕ_h-ϕ_S)$ modulation in the charged Kaon produced and in $Λ$ hyperon produced SIDIS process within the theoretical framework of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization at the next-to-leading-logarithmic order. The asymmetry is contributed by the convolution of Sivers function and the unpolarized fragmentation function $D_1$ for the produced hadron. The parametrization for the proton Qiu-Sterman function, which is closely related to the Sivers function, is adopted to numerically estimate the Sivers asymmetry at the kine…
In this paper we probe the Sivers asymmetries through $\rm J/ψ$ photoproduction in $\rm p^\uparrow p$ collision within the non-relativistic QCD framework, based on color octet model and the Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distributions (TMDs). Both the DGLAP evolution and the TMD evolution are included. The intensity and the sign of the Sivers asymmetry is strongly related on evolution model used to investigate the Gluon Sivers Function (GSF). A sizable asymmetry is obtained as a function of the rapidity, $\rm log{(x_γ)}$ or $\rm log{(x_{g})}$ dependence using a recent parametrization of …
We study the Sivers azimuthal asymmetry for $J/ψ$ production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, and the still poorly known gluon Sivers function. We concentrate on the $J/ψ$ low transverse momentum region, employing the transverse-momentum dependent generalised parton model (GPM), and its colour gauge invariant extension (CGI-GPM), which includes final-state interactions at leading order. We adopt the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) framework for the quarkonium formation mechanism, and compare our results for the unpolarised cross section and the Sivers asymmetry with available data, res…
Gluon Sivers function in dijet production at the EIC
本文通过TMD因子化定理预测EIC上双喷注产生中胶子Sivers函数的值，探讨了TMD演化对结果的影响，并预测了高达50%的Sivers不对称性。
Charm Sivers function at EicC
本文研究EicC上粲夸克Sivers函数的理论框架与测量可行性，通过小x物理中与自旋相关QCD odderon的联系及PythiaeRHIC模拟，论证EicC在探测Sivers函数和验证自旋相关odderon存在方面的独特优势。
Gluon Sivers function from forward exclusive $χ_{c1}$ photoproduction on unpolarized protons
本文研究了高能光子-质子散射中$χ_{c1}$排他性产生，通过计算Sivers与Primakoff截面比值及衰变角系数，约束了小$x$处胶子Sivers函数的大小。
The study of the Sivers effect, describing correlations between the transverse polarization of the nucleon and its constituent (unpolarized) parton's transverse momentum, has been the topic of a great deal of experimental, phenomenological and theoretical effort in recent years. Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering measurements of the corresponding single spin asymmetries (SSA) at the upcoming CLAS12 experiment at JLab and the proposed Electron-Ion Collider will help to pinpoint the flavor structure and the momentum dependence of the Sivers parton distribution function describing this effe…
Sivers Asymmetry in $e+p^\uparrow \rightarrow e+J/ψ+X$
本文报道了最近在色蒸发模型中对低虚拟度电生/光生$J/ψ$的单自旋不对称性的研究。结果表明，不对称性是相当大的，可以作为一个探针仍然未知的胶子Sivers函数。
In this work, we present a systematic study on the feasibility of probing the largely unexplored transverse momentum dependent gluon Sivers function (GSF) in open charm production, high p$_T$ charged di-hadron and di-jet production at a future high energy, high luminosity Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The Sivers function is a measure for the anisotropy of the parton distributions in momentum space inside a transversely polarized nucleon. It is proposed that it can be studied through single spin asymmetries in the photon-gluon fusion subprocess in electron proton collisions at the EIC. Using a w…
Towards three-dimensional nucleon structures at the Electron-Ion Collider in China: A study of the Sivers function
该研究以Sivers函数为例，通过联合分析全球现有数据与EicC模拟数据，验证了中国电子离子对撞机可在$x>0.005$区域精确测定不同夸克味的横动量依赖部分子分布函数，为EicC的三维核子结构研究提供支撑。
The prediction of single-spin asymmetry in inelastic photoproduction of $J/ψ$ in $ep^\uparrow$ collision is presented. At next-to-leading order, the dominating process is photon-gluon fusion, $γ+g\rightarrow J/ψ+g$ for the production of $J/ψ$ in $e+p^\uparrow\rightarrow J/ψ+X$, which directly probes the gluon Sivers function. Using the non-relativistic QCD based color octet model, the color octet states $\leftidx{^{3}}{S}{_1}^{(8)}$, $\leftidx{^{1}}{S}{_0}^{(8)}$ and $\leftidx{^{3}}{P}{_{J(0,1,2)}}^{(8)}$ contribution to $J/ψ$ production is calculated. Sizable asymmetry is estimated as a funct…
We discuss the prospects of diffractive dijet photoproduction at the EIC to distinguish different fits of diffractive proton PDFs, different schemes of factorization breaking, to determine diffractive nuclear PDFs and pion PDFs from leading neutron production.
Photoproduction of C-even quarkonia at EIC and EicC
本文在NRQCD框架下系统计算了EIC和EicC上C宇称偶重夸克偶素通过单光子交换的光生产生率，发现其与odderon机制量级相当，为未来实验判别主导机制提供依据。
Study of quark and gluon jet identification in photoproduction at EIC
研究EIC光产生事例中夸克与胶子喷注的识别方法及亚结构分析，为QCD研究提供基础。
We present predictions and projections for hadron-in-jet measurements and electron-jet azimuthal correlations at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). These observables directly probe the three-dimensional (3D) structure of hadrons, in particular, the quark transversity and Sivers parton distributions and the Collins fragmentation functions. We explore the feasibility of these experimental measurements by detector simulations and discuss detector requirements. We conclude that jet observables have the potential to enhance the 3D imaging EIC program.
We propose low-virtuality leptoproduction of open-charm, $p^\uparrow l\to D^0+X$, as a probe of the gluon Sivers function (GSF). At leading-order, this process directly probes the gluon content of the proton, making detection of a trasverse single-spin asymmetry in the process a clear indication of a non-zero GSF. Considering the kinematics of the proposed future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), we present predictions for asymmetry using fits of the GSF available in literature. We also study the asymmetry at the level of muons produced in D-meson decays and find that the asymmetry is preserved the…
High-accuracy $Υ$-meson photoproduction data from EIC and EicC experiments will allow the measurement of the near-threshold total cross section of the reaction $γp\toΥp$, from which the absolute value of the $Υp$ scattering length, $|α_{Υp}|$, can be extracted using a Vector-Meson Dominance model. For this evaluation, we used $Υ$-meson photoproduction quasi-data from the QCD approach (the production amplitude can be factorized in terms of gluonic generalized parton distributions and the quarkonium distribution amplitude). A comparative analysis of $|α_{Υp}|$ with the recently determined scatte…
We present a first, detailed study of diffractive dijet photoproduction at the recently approved electron-ion collider (EIC) at BNL. Apart from establishing the kinematic reaches for various beam types, energies and kinematic cuts, we make precise predictions at next-to-leading order (NLO) of QCD in the most important kinematic variables. We show that the EIC will provide new and more precise information on the diffractive parton density functions (PDFs) in the pomeron than previously obtained at HERA, illuminate the still disputed mechanism of global vs.\ only resolved-photon factorization br…
We study inclusive $J/ψ$ photoproduction at NLO at large $P_T$ at HERA and the EIC. Our computation includes NLO QCD leading-$P_T$ corrections, QED contributions via an off-shell photon as well as those from $J/ψ$+charm channels. For the latter, we employ the variable-flavour-number scheme. Our results are found to agree with the latest HERA data by H1 and provide, for the first time, a reliable estimate of the EIC reach for such a measurement. Finally, we demonstrate the observability of $J/ψ$+charm production and the sensitivy to probe the non-perturbative charm content of the proton at high…
We study the potential of dijet photoproduction measurements at a future electron-ion collider (EIC) to better constrain our present knowledge of the nuclear parton distribution functions. Based on theoretical calculations at next-to-leading order and approximate next-to-next-to-leading order of perturbative QCD, we establish the kinematic reaches for three different EIC designs, the size of the parton density function modifications for four different light and heavy nuclei from He-4 over C-12 and Fe-56 to Pb-208 with respect to the free proton, and the improvement of EIC measurements with res…
We review our transverse momentum dependent factorization and resummation formalism for heavy flavor dijet production at the EIC. In this formalism, we have calculated the heavy flavor mass corrections in the collinear-soft and jet functions, and in the resummed expression for the cross section. By establishing this formalism, we then study the effects of the mass corrections by providing predictions at the EIC for the massive case and for the case where the mass is neglected. We find that the heavy flavor mass effects can give sizable corrections to the predicted asymmetry.
Spectator-model studies for spin-dependent gluon TMD PDFs at the LHC and EIC
本文利用旁观者模型研究自旋相关胶子TMD密度，重点分析Boer-Mulders和Sivers函数，以推动LHC与EIC协同探索质子三维胶子结构。
We study the inclusive J/psi production at large transverse momenta at lepton-hadron colliders in the limit when the exchange photon is quasi real, also referred to as photoproduction. Our computation includes the leading-P_T leading-v next-to-leading alpha_s corrections. In particular, we consider the contribution from J/psi plus another charm quark, by employing for the first time in quarkonium photoproduction the variable-flavour-number scheme. We also include a QED-induced contribution via an off-shell photon which remained ignored in the literature and which we show to be the leading cont…
We propose the jet charge observable as a novel probe of flavor structure in the nucleon spin program at the Electron Ion Collider (EIC). We show that jet charge measurements can substantially enhance the sensitivity of spin asymmetries to different partonic flavors in the nucleon. This sensitivity can be further improved by constructing the jet charge using only a subset of hadron species (pions or kaons) in the jet. As an example, we use the Sivers asymmetry in back-to-back electron-jet production at the EIC to show that the jet charge can be a unique tool in constraining the Sivers function…
Dijet Photoproduction in POWHEG BOX
本文开发了 POWHEG BOX 扩展，在 NLO QCD 合并部分子簇射框架下，利用 Weizsäcker-Williams 近似模拟直接和 resolved 光子引发的双喷注光生过程，以支持 LHC 超周边碰撞和 EIC 物理研究。
In this paper we propose to investigate the transverse single spin asymmetry in the inelastic $J/Ψ$ photoproduction in $p^\uparrow p$ and $p^\uparrow A$ collisions at RHIC energies. At leading order this process probes the gluon Sivers function. We predict large values for the cross sections, which indicates that its experimental analysis is, in principle, feasible. The rapidity dependence of the single spin asymmetry is presented. We obtain that the asymmetry is strongly dependent on the model used for the gluon Sivers function and that it can be probed by the analysis of the $J/Ψ$ production…
The effect of TMD evolution on the Sivers asymmetry in back-to-back $J/ψ+γ$ and $J/ψ+\text{jet}$ production at the Electron-Ion-Collider
在TMD因子化框架下，结合TMD演化，利用NRQCD模型研究EIC运动学中背对背$J/ψ$-光子和$J/ψ$-喷注产生的Sivers不对称性，发现该不对称性对胶子Sivers函数是稳健的探针。
A high-energy Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) would offer a most promising tool to study in detail the transverse momentum distributions of gluons inside hadrons. This applies to unpolarized as well as linearly polarized gluons inside unpolarized protons, and to left-right asymmetric distributions of gluons inside transversely polarized protons, the so-called gluon Sivers effect. The inherent process dependence of these distributions can be studied by comparing to similar, but often complementary observables at LHC.
Photoproduction of QED bound states in future electron-ion colliders
本研究探索未来电子-离子对撞机中QED单态轻子束缚态的光生过程，估算了三类仲轻子素的产生截面与事件率，结合双光子衰变运动学截断，指出仲μ子素可被首次观测，EIC有望发现仲τ子素。
Gluon TMDs can be accessed through the analysis of azimuthal asymmetries for heavy quark pair and dijet production in electron-proton collisions, similarly to the way quark TMDs are commonly extracted from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering data. We calculate the upper bounds for these observables, showing in which kinematic regions they are large enough to be measured in future experiments at an Electron-Ion Collider. Moreover, we study their behavior in the small-$x$ region, adopting a McLerran-Venugopalan model for unpolarized and linearly polarized gluon distributions. By comparison …
The near-threshold photoproduction of $J/ψ$ is regarded as one golden process to unveil the nucleon mass structure, pentaquark state involving the charm quarks, and the poorly constrained gluon distribution of the nucleon at large $x$ ($>0.1$). In this paper, we present an analysis of the current experimental data under a two-gluon exchange model, which shows a good consistency. Using a parameterized function form with three free parameters, we have determined the nucleonic gluon distribution at the $J/ψ$ mass scale. Moreover, we predict the differential cross section of the electroproduction …
We calculate cross sections for inclusive dijet photoproduction in electron-nucleus scattering in the kinematics of the future EIC and the possible LHeC, HE-LHeC, and the FCC using next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD and nCTEQ15 and EPPS16 nuclear parton density functions (nPDFs). We make predictions for distributions in the dijet average transverse momentum ${\bar p}_T$, the average rapidity $\barη$, the observed nuclear momentum fraction $x_A^{\rm obs}$, and the observed photon momentum fraction $x_γ^{\rm obs}$. Comparing the kinematic reaches of the four colliders, we find that an …
Quarkonium production offers good possibilities to study gluon TMDs. In this proceedings contribution this topic is explored for the linearly polarized gluons inside unpolarized hadrons and unpolarized gluons inside transversely polarized hadrons. It is argued that $χ_{b0/2}$ and $η_b$ production at LHC are best to study the effects of linearly polarized gluons in hadronic collisions, by means of angular independent ratios of ratios of cross sections. This can be directly compared to $\cos 2ϕ$ asymmetries in heavy quark pair and dijet production in DIS at a future high-energy Electron-Ion Coll…
Photoproduction of fully charmed tetraquark at electron-ion colliders
本文在NRQCD框架下研究电子离子对撞机上全粲四夸克态的光产生，发现其在EIC上观测前景光明。
Unraveling Gluon TMDs in $J/ψ$ and Pion production at the EIC
本文在EIC电子-质子散射的背靠背J/ψ和π±产生过程中，利用NRQCD和TMD因子化框架研究方位角不对称性，证明胶子贡献占主导并给出数值估计。
Probing the Sivers Asymmetry with Transverse Energy-Energy Correlators in the Small-$x$ Regime
该研究在电子离子对撞机小x区域，利用含TMD演化的因子化公式，给出TEEC西弗斯不对称性约0.01%的预测，为检验坡密子振幅提供了新途径。
We study the low-virtuality inclusive leptoproduction of open charm, $p^\uparrow l\rightarrow D^0+X$ as a probe of the gluon Sivers function. We perform the analysis in a generalised parton model framework. At leading order, this process is sensitive only to the gluon content of the proton. Hence any detection of a transverse single-spin asymmetry in this process would be clear indication of a non-zero gluon Sivers function (GSF). Considering COMPASS and a future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), we present predictions for asymmetry using fits for the GSF available in literature. Predictions for pe…
Centrality Manipulation in Exclusive Photoproduction at the Electron-Ion Collider
针对未来电子-离子对撞实验中遍举光生过程的中心度确定需求，提出利用原子核库仑激发的中子标记方法，通过等效光子近似推导相关截面，证实其可实现中心度操控，为核胶子结构研究提供新策略。
We consider the one-parameter family of jet substructure observables known as angularities using the specific case of inclusive jets arising from photoproduction events at an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). We perform numerical calculations at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy within perturbative QCD and compare our results to PYTHIA 6 predictions. Overall, we find good agreement and conclude that jet substructure observables are feasible at the EIC despite the relatively low jet transverse momentum and particle multiplicities. We investigate the size of subleading power corrections relevant a…
Asymmetries in heavy quark pair and dijet production in electron-proton collisions allow studies of gluon TMDs in close analogy to studies of quark TMDs in semi-inclusive DIS. Here we present expressions for azimuthal asymmetries for both unpolarized and transversely polarized proton cases and consider the maximal asymmetries allowed. The latter are found to be rather sizeable, except in certain kinematic limits which are pointed out. In addition, we consider the small-x limit and expectations from a McLerran-Venugopalan model for unpolarized and linearly polarized gluons and from a perturbati…
Ultra-peripheral collisions (UPCs) of relativistic ions are an important tool for studying photoproduction at high energies. Vector meson photoproduction is an important tool for nuclear structure measurements and other applications. A future electron-ion collider (EIC) will allow additional studies, using virtual photons with a wide range of $Q^2$. We propose a significant expansion of the UPC and EIC photoproduction physics programs to include charged final states which may be produced via Reggeon exchange. We consider two examples: $a_2^+(1320)$, which is a conventional $q\overline q$ meson…
We estimate transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA) in electroproduction of $J/ψ$ for J-Lab and EIC energies. We present estimates of TSSAs in $J/ψ$ production within generalized parton model (GPM) using recent parametrizations of gluon Sivers function (GSF) and compare the results obtained using color singlet model (CSM) with those obtained using color evaporation model (CEM) of quarkonium production.
Resolved photoproduction of the $B_c$ meson in electron-proton collisions
本文基于非相对论量子色动力学框架，系统研究了电子-质子碰撞中$B_c$介子的产额，考虑了直接通道和解析贡献，发现直接通道主导，但解析通道在低横动量区域有显著修正。
In this paper we consider a small-$x$ model for gluon GTMDs that we fit to data on diffractive dijet production in electron-proton collisions obtained by HERA's H1 Collaboration. Assuming a small number of free parameters, each with a physical motivation, we are able to describe those data fairly well and with this model we obtain predictions for the EIC for both electroproduction and photoproduction which may allow to further test the underlying GTMD description. In the general discussion of the impact parameter dependence we recall some subtle issues related to localization of states, choice…
Hard Diffraction in Sherpa
本文在SHERPA中实现了QCD次领头阶下衍射喷注产生与部分子簇射匹配的完整模拟框架，利用HERA数据验证，并论证光生过程中直接分量需被抑制，为EIC提供预测。
Photoproduction and detection of $ρ'\rightarrowπ^+π^-π^+π^-$ decays in ultra-peripheral collisions and at an electron-ion collider
研究通过超 peripheral 碰撞和电子离子对撞机探测ρ'介子的四π衰变，发现其高效率观测可能，且数据支持较大的耦合和小的分支比。
In the framework of collinear factorization and next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD, we make predictions for inclusive and diffractive dijet photoproduction in electron-proton and electron-nucleus scattering in the EIC kinematics. We establish kinematic ranges in the ${\bar p}_T$, ${\bar η}$, $x_A^{\rm obs}$ and $x_γ^{\rm obs}$ variables, quantify sensitivity to small-$x$ nuclear PDFs, and analyze various scenarios of factorization breaking in the case of diffractive scattering.
We estimate Sivers asymmetry in low virtuality photoproduction of $J/ψ$ using color evaporation model and taking into account $Q^2$- evolution of transverse momentum dependent PDF's and Sivers function. There is a substantial reduction in asymmetry as compared to our previous analysis wherein the $Q^2$-dependance came only from DGLAP evolution of collinear part of TMDs. The estimates of asymmetry are comparable to our earlier estimates in which we had used analytical solution of only an approximated form of the evolution equations. We have also estimated asymmetry using the latest parametrizat…
We study the $Υ(1S)$ meson photoproduction on protons and nuclei at the near-threshold center-of-mass energies below 11.4 GeV (or at the corresponding photon laboratory energies $E_γ$ below 68.8 GeV). We calculate the absolute excitation functions for the non-resonant and resonant photoproduction of $Υ(1S)$ mesons off protons at incident photon laboratory energies of 63--68 GeV by accounting for direct ($γp \to {Υ(1S)}p$) and two-step ($γp \to P^+_b(11080,11125,11130) \to {Υ(1S)}p$) $Υ(1S)$ production channels within different scenarios for the non-resonant total cross section of elementary re…
Gravitational form factors of the proton from near-threshold vector meson photoproduction
本研究利用ρ⁰与J/ψ近阈值光生数据提取质子完整夸克和胶子引力形状因子，并以RVP方法交叉验证，为揭示质子内部质量与力学性质及未来实验提供指导。
Non-global logarithms and fiducial transverse-momentum-dependent observables in deep-inelastic scattering
该研究提出一种无需喷注重建的基准横向动量观测量，用于从深度非弹性散射中提取夸克内在横向动量，并重求和非全局对数，增强自旋不对称性，适用于EIC和EicC。
Sign Reversal of Boer-Mulders Functions from Semi-inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering to the Drell-Yan Process
研究Boer-Mulders函数在从半inclusive深非弹性散射到Drell-Yan过程中的符号反转现象，分析理论预测与实验提取的一致性，并讨论EIC未来实验的前景。
We revisit inclusive J/psi and Upsilon photoproduction at lepton-hadron colliders, namely in the limit when the exchanged photon is quasi real. Our computation includes the next-to-leading-order (NLO) alpha_s corrections to the leading-order contributions in v. Similarly to the case of NLO charmonium-hadroproduction processes, the resulting cross sections obtained in the MS-bar factorisation scheme are sometimes found to be negative. We show that the scale-fixing criteria which we derived in a previous study of eta(c) production successfully solves this problem from the EicC all the way up to …
We extend our studies of a new class of $2 \to 3$ exclusive processes using the collinear factorisation framework by considering the exclusive photoproduction of a $γ\,ρ$ pair, in the kinematics where the pair has a large invariant mass, {and the outgoing $ ρ$-meson has a sufficiently large transverse momentum to not resonate with the nucleon}. We cover the whole kinematical range from medium energies in fixed target experiments to very large energies of colliders, by considering the experimental conditions of JLab~12-GeV, COMPASS, future EIC and LHC (in ultra-peripheral collisions) cases. One…
Proton 3D reconstruction with T-odd TMD gluon densities
本文通过旁观者模型计算自旋依赖TMD胶子密度，引入基于拟合的旁观者质量调制函数，重点研究Boer-Mulders和Sivers函数，以推动质子三维胶子结构重建。
Inclusive photoproduction of vector quarkonium in ultra-peripheral collisions at the LHC
本文研究LHC超周边质子-铅碰撞中矢量夸克偶素的单举光致产生，通过调谐HERA数据预测J/psi产额并建模本底，证明该过程可被ALICE、ATLAS、CMS和LHCb测量，并提出Jacquet-Blondel方法重建光子-核子质心能量。
Unified Resummation of Soft Gluon Radiation in Heavy Meson Pair Photoproduction
针对重介子对光致产生，开发兼顾质量方案与无质量极限的统一软胶子辐射重求和框架，结合色玻璃凝聚量化其对两个可观测量的影响，证明该过程可作为胶子饱和的定量探针且框架易扩展。
We study single spin asymmetries at one-loop accuracy in semi-inclusive DIS with a transversely polarized hadron in the initial state. Two measurable spin observables are predicted in the framework of QCD collinear factorization. One of the spin observables is the Sivers weighted asymmetry, another one is the Collins weighted asymmetry. The prediction takes a form of convolutions of perturbative coefficient functions and nonperturbative functions, which are twist-2 transversity distributions, twist-3 parton distributions, twist-2- and twist-3 parton fragmentation functions. These nonperturbati…
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