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arXiv 1909.08007astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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M31疏散星团中行星状星云的哈勃空间望远镜光谱学:$3.4 \, M_{\odot}$的热底燃烧

Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy of a Planetary Nebula in an M31 Open Cluster: Hot-Bottom Burning at $3.4 \, M_{\odot}$

Brian D. Davis, Howard E. Bond, Robin Ciardullo, George H. Jacoby

摘要:

我们使用哈勃太空望远镜(HST)的成像和光谱来检查M31年轻疏散星团B477-D 075内投射的明亮行星状星云(PN)的特性。我们表明,一个机会叠加的PN上集群的概率是小的,${\lesssim}2\%$。此外,在测量误差为${\sim}10$ km s $^{-1}$的范围内,PN的径向速度与星团的径向速度相同.考虑到该区域预期的${\sim}70$ km/s $^{-1}$速度色散,距离M31的核心${\sim}$ 8 kpc,速度数据再次表明PN极有可能属于星团。应用等时线拟合档案颜色星等测光数据从HST高级相机的调查,我们确定的集群年龄和金属丰度分别为290万年和$Z = 0.0071$,这意味着初始质量的$3.38^{+0.03}_{-0.02} \, M_{\odot}$的任何PN集群产生的。从HST的太空望远镜成像光谱仪观测和多云光电离建模,我们发现PN可能是一个I型行星,氮丰度比太阳值增加了${\sim}$ 5-6倍。如果PN确实是一个星团成员,这些数据提出了强有力的经验证据,热底燃烧发生在AGB星与初始质量低至$3.4 \, M_{\odot}$。

英文摘要:

We use imaging and spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to examine the properties of a bright planetary nebula (PN) projected within M31's young open cluster B477-D075. We show that the probability of a chance superposition of the PN on the cluster is small, ${\lesssim}2\%$. Moreover, the radial velocity of the PN is the same as that of the cluster within the measurement error of ${\sim}10$ km s$^{-1}$. Given the expected ${\sim}70$ km s$^{-1}$ velocity dispersion in this region, ${\sim}$8 kpc from M31's nucleus, the velocity data again make it extremely likely that the PN belongs to the cluster. Applying isochrone fitting to archival color-magnitude photometric data from the HST Advanced Camera for Surveys, we determine the cluster age and metallicity to be 290 Myr and $Z = 0.0071$, respectively, implying an initial mass of $3.38^{+0.03}_{-0.02} \, M_{\odot}$ for any PN produced by the cluster. From HST's Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observations and Cloudy photoionization modeling, we find that the PN is likely a Type I planetary, with a nitrogen abundance that is enhanced by ${\sim}$5-6 times over the solar value scaled to the cluster metallicity. If the PN is indeed a cluster member, these data present strong empirical evidence that hot-bottom burning occurs in AGB stars with initial masses as low as $3.4 \, M_{\odot}$.

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