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arXiv 1708.08910astro-ph.SR
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低质量和中等质量恒星产生He、C和N的过程:观测和模型预测的行星状星云丰度的比较

On the Production of He, C and N by Low and Intermediate Mass Stars: A Comparison of Observed and Model-Predicted Planetary Nebula Abundances

R. B. C. Henry, B. G. Stephenson, M. M. Miller Bertolami, K. B. Kwitter, B. Balick

摘要:

本文的主要目标是在35个观测良好的银河系行星状星云(PN)样本中,对He、C和N的测量丰度和模型预测丰度进行直接比较。所有观察、数据简化和丰度测定均在内部进行,以确保最大均匀性。利用两组已发表的后AGB模型轨迹和L、T_eff值推断了祖星质量(M < 4M_sun)。我们得出以下结论:1)在整个原始质量范围内,N/O的平均值超过了太阳值,这表明我们的大多数物体都有显著的N富集; 2)热底部燃烧的开始似乎是在2个太阳质量左右开始的,即,结果表明:(1)大部分样品的C/O平均值为1.23,与第三次疏浚的结果一致;(2)大部分样品的C/O平均值为1.23,与第三次疏浚的结果一致; 5)用于与观测值比较的模型网格成功地跨越了所有C/O和许多He/O的金属度空间分布。H数据点,但在N/O的情况下,大多数情况下都不能这样做。PN中N的明显富集和观测到的和模型预测的N/O丰度比之间的一般差异信号需要额外的混合作为旋转和/或温盐混合的效果在模型中。这里暗示的低质量恒星出乎意料的高N富集,如果得到证实,可能会影响我们关于宇宙中N来源的结论。

英文摘要:

The primary goal of this paper is to make a direct comparison between the measured and model-predicted abundances of He, C and N in a sample of 35 well-observed Galactic planetary nebulae (PN). All observations, data reductions, and abundance determinations were performed in house to ensure maximum homogeneity. Progenitor star masses (M < 4M_sun) were inferred using two published sets of post-AGB model tracks and L and T_eff values. We conclude the following: 1) the mean values of N/O across the progenitor mass range exceeds the solar value, indicating significant N enrichment in the majority of our objects; 2) the onset of hot bottom burning appears to begin around 2 solar masses, i.e., lower than ~5 M_sun implied by theory; 3) most of our objects show a clear He enrichment, as expected from dredge-up episodes; 4) the average sample C/O value is 1.23, consistent with the effects of third dredge-up; and 5) model grids used to compare to observations successfully span the distribution over metallicity space of all C/O and many He/H data points but mostly fail to do so in the case of N/O. The evident enrichment of N in PN and the general discrepancy between the observed and model-predicted N/O abundance ratios signal the need for extra-mixing as an effect of rotation and/or thermohaline mixing in the models. The unexpectedly high N enrichment that is implied here for low mass stars, if confirmed, will likely impact our conclusions about the source of N in the Universe.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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