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arXiv 1909.04620physics.flu-dyn
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强迫斜压临界层的非线性动力学

Nonlinear dynamics of forced baroclinic critical layers

Chen Wang, Neil J. Balmforth

摘要:

在本文中,我们研究强迫的斜压临界水平,出现在分层流体与水平剪切流沿表面的波的相速度相对于平均流匹配的自然内部波的速度。线性理论预测斜压临界层动力学与经典临界层动力学相似,其特征是在一个宽度逐渐减小的区域上气流扰动的长期增长。利用匹配渐近展开,我们构造了一个非线性斜压临界层理论,研究了气流扰动进入非线性区后的演变。该理论的一个关键特征是,由于斜压临界层的位置是由流向波数决定的,因此非线性动力学过滤掉谐波,并且对平均流的修改控制了演变。在晚些时候,我们表明,涡度开始集中到更小的区域,其宽度随时间呈指数级下降,并且耗散效应的增加可以阻止这种集中,以创建一个漂移的相干结构。在平均水平速度中的射流状缺陷是临界层动力学的主要结果。

英文摘要:

In this paper, we study the forcing of baroclinic critical levels, which arise in stratified fluids with horizontal shear flow along the surfaces where the phase speed of a wave relative to the mean flow matches a natural internal wavespeed. Linear theory predicts the baroclinic critical layer dynamics is similar to that of a classical critical layer, characterized by the secular growth of flow perturbations over a region of decreasing width. By using matched asymptotic expansions, we construct a nonlinear baroclinic critical layer theory to study how the flow perturbation evolves once they enter the nonlinear regime. A key feature of the theory is that, because the location of the baroclinic critical layer is determined by the streamwise wavenumber, the nonlinear dynamics filters out harmonics and the modification to the mean flow controls the evolution. At late times, we show that the vorticity begins to focus into yet smaller regions whose width decreases exponentially with time, and that the addition of dissipative effects can arrest this focussing to create a drifting coherent structure. Jet-like defects in the mean horizontal velocity are the main outcome of the critical-layer dynamics.

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