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arXiv 1909.04210cond-mat.supr-con
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拓扑超流$^3$ He表面态的脆弱性

Fragility of surface states in topological superfluid $^3$He

P. J. Heikkinen, A. Casey, L. V. Levitin, X. Rojas, A. Vorontsov, P. Sharma, N. Zhelev, J. M. Parpia, J. Saunders

摘要:

拓扑超流体$^3$ He具有非常规的自旋-三重态p波配对,为拓扑超导体提供了一个模型系统,其在拓扑保护量子计算中的潜在应用引起了极大的兴趣。在拓扑绝缘体和量子霍尔系统中,由体-表面对应和能带结构的动量空间拓扑产生的表面/边缘态是鲁棒的。在这里,我们表明,在拓扑超导体的表面Andreev束缚态,这取决于新兴的序参量的动量空间拓扑结构,是脆弱的表面散射的细节。我们将超流$^3$ He限制在一个高度与库珀对直径相当的空腔内。我们精确地确定了超流转变温度$T_{\mathrm{c}}$和超流能隙的抑制,为不同的散射条件在原位调谐,并比较准经典理论的预测。我们发现,表面磁散射导致出乎意料的大的抑制$T_{\mathrm{c}}$,对应于低能量束缚态的密度增加。

英文摘要:

Topological superfluid $^3$He, with unconventional spin-triplet p-wave pairing, provides a model system for topological superconductors, which have attracted significant interest through potential applications in topologically protected quantum computing. In topological insulators and quantum Hall systems, the surface/edge states, arising from bulk-surface correspondence and the momentum space topology of the band structure, are robust. Here we demonstrate that in topological superconductors the surface Andreev bound states, which depend on the momentum space topology of the emergent order parameter, are fragile with respect to the details of surface scattering. We confine superfluid $^3$He within a cavity of height comparable to the Cooper pair diameter. We precisely determine the superfluid transition temperature $T_{\mathrm{c}}$ and the suppression of the superfluid energy gap, for different scattering conditions tuned in situ, and compare to the predictions of quasi-classical theory. We discover that surface magnetic scattering leads to unexpectedly large suppression of $T_{\mathrm{c}}$, corresponding to an increased density of low energy bound states.

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