In this paper, we introduce the relative $\mathcal{L}$-invariant $r\mathcal{L}(X)$ of a smooth, orientable, compact 4-manifold $X$ with boundary. This invariant is defined by measuring the lengths of certain paths in the cut complex of a trisection surface for $X$. This is motivated by the definition of the $\mathcal{L}$-invariant for smooth, orientable, closed 4-manifolds by Kirby and Thompson. We show that if $X$ is a rational homology ball, then $r\mathcal{L}(X)=0$ if and only if $X\cong B^4$.
In order to better understand relative trisections, we also produce an algorithm to glue two relatively trisected 4-manifold by any Murasugi sum or plumbing in the boundary, and also prove that any two relative trisections of a given 4-manifold $X$ are related by interior stabilization, relative stabilization, and the relative double twist, which we introduce in this paper as a trisection version of one of Piergallini and Zuddas's moves on open book decompositions. Previously, it was only known (by Gay and Kirby) that relative trisections inducing equivalent open books on $X$ are related by interior stabilizations.
Algebraically fibering group is an algebraic generalization of the fibered 3-manifold group in higher dimensions. Let $M(\mathcal{P})$ and $M(\mathcal{E})$ be the cusped and compact hyperbolic real moment-angled manifolds associated to the hyperbolic right-angled 24-cell $\mathcal{P}$ and the hyperbolic right-angled 120-cell $\mathcal{E}$, respectively. Jankiewicz-Norin-Wise showed in [13] that $π_1(M(\mathcal{P}))$ and $π_1(M(\mathcal{E}))$ are algebraic fibered. Namely, there are two exact sequences $$1\rightarrow H_{\mathcal{P}}\rightarrow π_1(M(\mathcal{P}))\xrightarrow{ϕ_{\mathcal{P}}} \m…
We show that if $\mathcal{L}$ is a codimension-one lamination in a finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifold such that the principal curvatures of each leaf of $\mathcal{L}$ are all in the interval $(-δ,δ)$ for a fixed $δ\in[0,1)$ and no complimentary region of $\mathcal{L}$ is an interval bundle over a surface, then each boundary leaf of $\mathcal{L}$ has a nontrivial fundamental group. We also prove existence of a fixed constant $δ_0 > 0$ such that if $\mathcal{L}$ is a codimension-one lamination in a finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifold such that the principal curvatures of each leaf of $\mathcal{…
Following the analogies between 3-dimensional topology and number theory, we study an idèlic form of class field theory for 3-manifolds. For a certain set $\mathcal{K}$ of knots in a 3-manifold $M$, we first present a local theory for each knot in $\mathcal{K}$, which is analogous to local class field theory, and then, getteing together over all knots in $\mathcal{K}$, we give an analogue of idèlic global class field theory for an integral homology sphere $M$.
We study the class $\mathcal M^B$ of 3-manifolds $M$ that have a compact exhaustion $M=\cup_{i\in\mathbb N} M_i$ satisfying: each $M_i$ is hyperbolizable with incompressible boundary and each component of $\partial M_i$ has genus at most $g= g(M)$. For manifolds in $\mathcal M^{B}$ we give necessary and sufficient topological conditions that guarantee the existence of a complete hyperbolic metric.
There are only 10 Euclidean forms, that is flat closed three dimensional manifolds: six are orientable $\mathcal{G}_1,\dots,\mathcal{G}_6$ and four are non-orientable $\mathcal{B}_1,\dots,\mathcal{B}_4$. The aim of this paper is to describe all types of $n$-fold coverings over the non-orientable Euclidean manifolds $\mathcal{B}_{3}$ and $\mathcal{B}_{4}$, and calculate the numbers of non-equivalent coverings of each type. The manifolds $\mathcal{B}_{3}$ and $\mathcal{B}_{4}$ are uniquely determined among non-orientable forms by their homology groups $H_1(\mathcal{B}_{3})=\ZZ_2\times \ZZ_2 \tim…
We show that for any set of primes $\mathcal{P}$ there exists a space $M_{\mathcal{P}}$ which is a homology and cohomology 3-manifold with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}_{p}$ for $p\in \mathcal{ P}$ and is not a homology or cohomology 3-manifold with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}_q$ for $q\not\in \mathcal{ P}$. Moreover, $M_{\mathcal{P}}$ is neither a homology nor cohomology 3-manifold with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}$ or $\mathbb{Q}$.
Assume that $M(\mathcal{T})$ is a rational homology sphere plumbed 3-manifold associated with a connected negative definite graph $\mathcal{T}$. We consider the combinatorial multivariable Poincaré series associated with $\mathcal{T}$ and its counting functions, which encode rich topological information. Using the `periodic constant' of the series (with reduced variables) we prove surgery formulae for the normalized Seiberg-Witten invariants: the periodic constant appears as the difference of the Seiberg-Witten invariants associated with $M(\mathcal{T})$ and $M(\mathcal{T}\setminus\mathcal{I})…
We develop a way of seeing a complete orientable hyperbolic $4$-manifold $\mathcal{M}$ as an orbifold cover of a Coxeter polytope $\mathcal{P} \subset \mathbb{H}^4$ that has a facet colouring. We also develop a way of finding totally geodesic sub-manifolds $\mathcal{N}$ in $\mathcal{M}$, and describing the result of mutations along $\mathcal{N}$. As an application of our method, we construct an example of a complete orientable hyperbolic $4$-manifold $\mathcal{X}$ with a single non-toric cusp and a complete orientable hyperbolic $4$-manifold $\mathcal{Y}$ with a single toric cusp. Both $\mathc…
Let $(Γ,γ)$ be a crystallization of connected compact 3-manifold $M$ with $h$ boundary components. Let $\mathcal{G}(M)$ and $\mathit k (M)$ be the regular genus and gem-complexity of $M$ respectively, and let $\mathcal{G}(\partial M)$ be the regular genus of $\partial M$. We prove that $$\mathit k (M)\geq 3 (\mathcal{G}(M)+h-1) \geq 3 (\mathcal{G} (\partial M)+h-1).$$ These bounds for gem-complexity of $M$ are sharp for several 3-manifolds with boundary. Further, we show that if $\partial M$ is connected and $\mathit k (M)< 3 (\mathcal{G} (\partial M)+1)$ then $M$ is a handlebody. In particula…
In each manifold $M$ modeled on a finite or infinite dimensional cube $[0,1]^n$ we construct a closed nowhere dense subset $S\subset M$ (called a spongy set) which is a universal nowhere dense set in $M$ in the sense that for each nowhere dense subset $A\subset M$ there is a homeomorphism $h:M\to M$ such that $h(A)\subset S$. The key tool in the construction of spongy sets is a theorem on topological equivalence of certain decompositions of manifolds. A special case of this theorem says that two vanishing cellular strongly shrinkable decompositions $\mathcal A,\mathcal B$ of a Hilbert cube man…
We classify all rank two affine manifolds in strata in genus three with two zeros. This confirms a conjecture of Maryam Mirzakhani in these cases. Several technical results are proven for all strata in genus three, with the hope that they may shed light on a complete classification of rank two manifolds in genus three.
A classical theorem of Alexandroff states that every $n$-dimensional compactum $X$ contains an $n$-dimensional Cantor manifold. This theorem has a number of generalizations obtained by various authors. We consider extension-dimensional and infinite dimensional analogs of strong Cantor manifolds, Mazurkiewicz manifolds, and $V^n$-continua, and prove corresponding versions of the above theorem. We apply our results to show that each homogeneous metrizable continuum which is not in a given class $\mathcal C$ is a strong Cantor manifold (or at least a Cantor manifold) with respect to $\mathcal C$.…
We prove that given a $\mathcal{C^\infty}$ Riemannian manifold with boundary, any fat triangulation of the boundary can be extended to the whole manifold. We also show that this result holds extends to $\mathcal{C}^1$ manifolds, and that in dimensions $2,3$ and 4 it also holds for $PL$ manifolds. We employ the main result to prove that given any orientable $\mathcal{C^\infty}$ Riemannian manifold with boundary admits quasimeromorphic mappings onto $\hat{\mathbb{R}^n}$. In addition some generalizations are given.
It is proved that the isometry classes of pointed connected complete Riemannian $n$-manifolds form a Polish space, $\mathcal{M}_*^\infty(n)$, with the topology described by the $C^\infty$ convergence of manifolds. This space has a canonical partition into sets defined by varying the distinguished point into each manifold. The locally non-periodic manifolds define an open dense subspace $\mathcal{M}_{*,\text{lnp}}^\infty(n)\subset\mathcal{M}_*^\infty(n)$, which becomes a $C^\infty$ foliated space with the restriction of the canonical partition. Its leaves without holonomy form the subspace $\ma…
We introduce and explore the relation between quivers and 3-manifolds with the topology of the knot complement. This idea can be viewed as an adaptation of the knots-quivers correspondence to Gukov-Manolescu invariants of knot complements (also known as $F_K$ or $\hat{Z}$). Apart from assigning quivers to complements of $T^{(2,2p+1)}$ torus knots, we study the physical interpretation in terms of the BPS spectrum and general structure of 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ theories associated to both sides of the correspondence. We also make a step towards categorification by proposing a $t$-deformation of all …
We consider the $D$-dimensional Euclidean space, $\mathbb{R}^D$, with certain $(D-N)$-dimensional compact, closed and orientable sub-manifolds (which we call \emph{singularity manifolds} and represent by $\widetilde{\mathcal{S}}$) removed from it. We define and investigate the problem of finding a homotopy-like class invariant ($χ$-homotopy) for certain $(N-1)$-dimensional compact, closed and orientable sub-manifolds (which we call \emph{candidate manifolds} and represent by $ω$) of $\mathbb{R}^D \setminus \widetilde{\mathcal{S}}$, with special emphasis on computational aspects of the problem.…
