Interacting dark energy in the early 2020s: a promising solution to the $H_0$ and cosmic shear tensions
Eleonora Di Valentino, Alessandro Melchiorri, Olga Mena, Sunny Vagnozzi
备注：
24 pages, 3 figures. v2: major revision, changed title, mildened conclusions, included late-time datasets and discussion on how these should be treated with slightly more caution when going beyond LCDM, added many references. Version accepted for publication in Physics of the Dark Universe
We examine interactions between dark matter and dark energy in light of the latest cosmological observations, focusing on a specific model with coupling proportional to the dark energy density. Our data includes Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements from the Planck 2018 legacy data release, late-time measurements of the expansion history from Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and Supernovae Type Ia (SNeIa), galaxy clustering and cosmic shear measurements from the Dark Energy Survey Year 1 results, and the 2019 local distance ladder measurement of the Hubble constant $H_0$ from the Hubble Space Telescope. Considering Planck data both in combination with BAO or SNeIa data reduces the $H_0$ tension to a level which could possibly be compatible with a statistical fluctuation. The very same model also significantly reduces the $Ω_{\rm m}-σ_8$ tension between CMB and cosmic shear measurements. Interactions between the dark sectors of our Universe remain therefore a promising joint solution to these persisting cosmological tensions.
We investigate a mechanism for the production of self-interacting dark matter based on WIMP-like messenger state decays into dark matter and dark radiation occurring after recombination. Such a transition leads to a mild relaxation of the Hubble tension, and at the same time may resolve the small-scale structure problems of the $Λ$CDM. We illustrate this mechanism in the Higgs portal dark matter model, which we find to be a promising route.
Self-interaction among the neutrinos in the early Universe has been proposed as a solution to the Hubble tension, a discrepancy between the measured values of the Hubble constant from CMB and low-redshift data. However, flavor-universal neutrino self-interaction is highly constrained by Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and other laboratory experiments such as, tau and K-meson decay, double-neutrino beta decay etc. We study the cosmology when only one or two neutrino states are self-interacting. Such flavor-specific interactions are less constrained by the laboratory experiments. Lastly, we address the…
We investigate an extended cosmological model motivated by the asymptotic safety of gravitational field theory, in which the matter and radiation densities and the cosmological constant receive a correction parametrized by the parameters $δ_G$ and $δ_Λ$, leading to that both the evolutions of the matter and radiation densities and the cosmological constant slightly deviate from the standard forms. Here we explain this model as a scenario of vacuum energy interacting with matter and radiation. We consider two cases of the model: {(i) ${\tildeΛ}$CDM with one additional free parameter $δ_G$, with…
We explore a scenario of interacting dynamical dark energy model with the interaction term $Q$ including the varying equation-of-state parameter $w$. Using the data combination of the cosmic microwave background, the baryon acoustic oscillation, and the type Ia supernovae, to global fit the interacting dynamical dark energy model, we find that adding a factor of the varying $w$ in the function of $Q$ can change correlations between the coupling constant $β$ and other parameters, and then has a huge impact on the fitting result of $β$. In this model, the fitting value of $H_{0}$ is lower at the…
A current problem within the ΛCDM framework is the tension between late and early time measurements of the Hubble parameter today, H0. We entertain the possibility that dark energy modeled as multiple interacting axion-like-particle species can alleviate the current Hubble tension. We then test these parameters against the milder tension between the CMB and large scale structure (LSS) observations of σ8 to ensure that these models do not exacerbate the tension. We find that there exist parameter spaces for models of two and three axion-like-particles which can potentially alleviate the Hubble …
We investigate interacting scenarios which belong to a wider class, since they include a dynamical dark energy component whose equation of state follows various one-parameter parametrizations. We confront them with the latest observational data from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), Joint light-curve (JLA) sample from Supernovae Type Ia, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), Hubble parameter measurements from Cosmic Chronometers (CC) and a gaussian prior on the Hubble parameter $H_0$. In all examined scenarios we find a non-zero interaction, nevertheless the non-interacting case is allowed with…
Self-interacting neutrinos that begin to free-stream at close to matter-radiation equality can reduce the physical size of photon sound horizon at last scattering surface. This mechanism can be the reason why standard $Λ$CDM cosmology sees a lower value of the Hubble constant than local measurements from distance ladder. We propose a new realization of self-interacting Dirac neutrinos (SID$ν$) with light-dark-photon mediator for a viable interaction mechanism. Our model is UV completed by a Dirac seesaw with anomaly-free dark $U(1)_X^{}$ gauge group which charges the right-handed neutrinos. Th…
We constrain interacting dark matter and dark energy (IDMDE) models using a 450-degree-square cosmic shear data from the Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS) and the angular power spectra from Planck's latest cosmic microwave background measurements. We revisit the discordance problem in the standard Lambda cold dark matter ($Λ$CDM) model between weak lensing and Planck datasets and extend the discussion by introducing interacting dark sectors. The IDMDE models are found to be able to alleviate the discordance between KiDS and Planck as previously inferred from the $Λ$CDM model, and moderately favored by…
We study a dark matter production mechanism based on decays of a messenger WIMP-like state into a pair of dark matter particles that are self-interacting via exchange of a light mediator. Its distinctive thermal history allows the mediator to be stable and therefore avoid strong limits from the cosmic microwave background and indirect detection. A natural by-product of this mechanism is a possibility of a late time, i.e., after recombination, transition to subdominant dark radiation component through three-body and one-loop decays to states containing the light mediator. We examine to what ext…
In this manuscript we reassess the potential of interacting dark matter-dark energy models in solving the Hubble constant tension. These models have been proposed but also questioned as possible solutions to the $H_0$ problem. Here we examine several interacting scenarios against cosmological observations, focusing on the important role played by the calibration of Supernovae data. In order to reassess the ability of interacting dark matter-dark energy scenarios in easing the Hubble constant tension, we systematically confront their theoretical predictions using a prior on the Supernovae Ia ab…
Large, non-standard neutrino self-interactions have been shown to resolve the $\sim 4σ$ tension in Hubble constant measurements and a milder tension in the amplitude of matter fluctuations. We demonstrate that interactions of the necessary size imply the existence of a force-carrier with a large neutrino coupling ($> 10^{-4}$) and mass in the keV -- 100 MeV range. This mediator is subject to stringent cosmological and laboratory bounds, and we find that nearly all realizations of such a particle are excluded by existing data unless it carries spin 0 and couples almost exclusively to $τ$-flavor…
Joint constraints from cosmic shear, galaxy-galaxy lensing and galaxy clustering: internal tension as an indicator of intrinsic alignment modelling error
Exotic self-interactions among the Standard-Model neutrinos have been proposed as a potential reason behind the tension in the expansion rate, H0, of the universe inferred from different observations. We constrain this proposal using electroweak precision observables, rare meson decays, and neutrinoless double-\{beta} decay. In contrast to previous works, we emphasize the importance of carrying out this study in a framework with full Standard-Model gauge invariance. We implement this first by working with a relevant set of Standard- Model-Effective-Field-Theory operators and subsequently by co…
We perform a comprehensive study of cosmological constraints on non-standard neutrino self-interactions using cosmic microwave background (CMB) and baryon acoustic oscillation data. We consider different scenarios for neutrino self-interactions distinguished by the fraction of neutrino states allowed to participate in self-interactions and how the relativistic energy density, N$_{\textrm{eff}}$, is allowed to vary. Specifically, we study cases in which: all neutrino states self-interact and N$_{\textrm{eff}}$ varies; two species free-stream, which we show alleviates tension with laboratory con…
Interacting dark energy models are widely renowned for giving an explanation to the cosmic coincidence problem as well as several observational issues. According to the recent observational data, and so far we are concerned with the literature, the choice of the interaction function between dark matter and dark energy is always questionable since there is no such underlying theory that could derive it. Thus, in this work we have raised this issue by proposing two new nonlinear interaction functions and constrain them using cosmic microwave background (CMB) from Planck 2018, baryon acoustic osc…
Almost in all interacting dark energy models present in the literature, the stability of the model becomes potentially sensitive to the dark energy equation of state parameter $w_x$, and a singularity arises at `$w_x = -1$'. Thus, it becomes mandatory to test the stability of the model into two separate regions, namely, for quintessence and phantom. This essentially brings in a discontinuity into the parameters space for $w_x$. Such discontinuity can be removed with some specific choices of the interaction or coupling function. In the present work we choose one particular coupling between dark…
The answer is Yes! We indeed find that interacting dark energy can alleviate the current tension on the value of the Hubble constant $H_0$ between the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies constraints obtained from the Planck satellite and the recent direct measurements reported by Riess et al. 2016. The combination of these two datasets points towards an evidence for a non-zero dark matter-dark energy coupling $ξ$ at more than two standard deviations, with $ξ=-0.26_{-0.12}^{+0.16}$ at $95\%$ CL. However the $H_0$ tension is better solved when the equation of state of the interacting dark e…
Exploring the baryonic effect signature in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Year 3 cosmic shear two-point correlations on small scales: the $S_8$ tension remains present
The increasingly significant tensions within $Λ$CDM, combined with the lack of detection of dark matter (DM) in laboratory experiments, have boosted interest in non-minimal dark sectors, which are theoretically well-motivated and inspire new search strategies for DM. Here we consider, for the first time, the possibility of DM having simultaneous interactions with photons, baryons, and dark radiation (DR). We have developed a new and efficient version of the Boltzmann code CLASS that allows for one DM species to have multiple interaction channels. With this framework we reassess existing cosmol…
We investigate the impacts of dark energy on constraining massive (active/sterile) neutrinos in interacting dark energy (IDE) models by using the current observations. We employ two typical IDE models, the interacting $w$ cold dark matter (I$w$CDM) model and the interacting holographic dark energy (IHDE) model, to make an analysis. To avoid large-scale instability, we use the parameterized post-Friedmann approach to calculate the cosmological perturbations in the IDE models. The cosmological observational data used in this work include the Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies …
The local measurement of $H_0$ is in tension with the prediction of $Λ$CDM model based on the Planck data. This tension may imply that dark energy is strengthened in the late-time Universe. We employ the latest cosmological observations on CMB, BAO, LSS, SNe, $H(z)$ and $H_0$ to constrain several interacting dark energy models. Our results show no significant indications for the interaction between dark energy and dark matter. The $H_0$ tension can be moderately alleviated, but not totally released.
In this paper we explore the existing tensions in the local cosmological expansion rate, $H_0$, and amplitude of the clustering of large-scale structure at $8\, h^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc}$, $σ_8$, as well as models that claim to alleviate these tensions. We consider seven models: evolving dark energy ($w$CDM), extra radiation ($N_\mathrm{eff}$), massive neutrinos, curvature, primordial magnetic fields (PMF), self-interacting neutrino models, and early dark energy (EDE). We test these models against three data sets that span the full range of measurable cosmological epochs, have significant precision, …
In the effort to define the main features a successful solution to the Hubble tension should have, growing evidence has emerged pointing to the need for models able to modify the expansion (and possibly thermal) history of the universe both prior and after recombination, and that could thereby restore the overall concordance between early- and late-time observations without introducing nor worsening other cosmological tensions in the process. In precisely this spirit, here we consider a multi-interacting dark energy model with two complementary interaction channels: one with the dark matter an…
Up-to-date cosmological data analyses have shown that \textit{(a)} a closed universe is preferred by the Planck data at more than $99\%$ CL, and \textit{(b)} interacting scenarios offer a very compelling solution to the Hubble constant tension. In light of these two recent appealing scenarios, we consider here an interacting dark matter-dark energy model with a non-zero spatial curvature component and a freely varying dark energy equation of state in both the quintessential and phantom regimes. When considering Cosmic Microwave Background data only, a phantom and closed universe can perfectly …
Measurements of $σ_8$ from large scale structure observations show a discordance with the extrapolated $σ_8$ from Planck CMB parameters using $Λ$CDM cosmology. Similar discordance is found in the value of $H_0$ and $Ω_m$. In this paper, we show that the presence of viscosity in cold dark matter, shear or bulk or combination of both, can remove the above mentioned conflicts simultaneously. This indicates that the data from Planck CMB observation and different LSS observations prefer small but non-zero amount of viscosity in cold dark matter fluid.
Standard cosmology predicts that prior to matter-radiation equality about 41% of the energy density was in free-streaming neutrinos. In many beyond Standard Model scenarios, however, the amount and free-streaming nature of this component is modified. For example, this occurs in models with new neutrino self-interactions or an additional dark sector with interacting light particles. We consider several extensions of the standard cosmology that include a non-free-streaming radiation component as motivated by such particle physics models and use the final Planck data release to constrain them. Th…
We apply two Bayesian hierarchical inference schemes to infer shear power spectra, shear maps and cosmological parameters from the CFHTLenS weak lensing survey - the first application of this method to data. In the first approach, we sample the joint posterior distribution of the shear maps and power spectra by Gibbs sampling, with minimal model assumptions. In the second approach, we sample the joint posterior of the shear maps and cosmological parameters, providing a new, accurate and principled approach to cosmological parameter inference from cosmic shear data. As a first demonstration on …
We investigate the observational consequences of a novel class of stable interacting dark energy (IDE) models, featuring interactions between dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE). In the first part of our work, we start by considering two IDE models which are known to present early-time linear perturbation instabilities. Applying a transformation depending on the dark energy equation of state (EoS) to the DM-DE coupling, we then obtain two novel stable IDE models. Subsequently, we derive robust and accurate constraints on the parameters of these models, assuming a constant EoS $w_x$ for the D…
We investigate various scenarios which include interaction forms between dark matter and dark energy that exhibit sign reverse, namely where the transfer of energy between the dark fluids changes sign during evolution. We study the large-scale inhomogeneities in such interacting scenarios and we confront them with the latest astronomical data. Our analysis shows that the sign-changeable interaction models are able to produce stable perturbations. Additionally, the data seem to slightly favor a non-zero interaction, however, within $1σ$ confidence level (CL) the scenarios cannot be distinguishe…
Alleviating the $H_0$ tension through the interacting dark energy model from quantum gravitational field theory in light of DESI DR2
College of Sciences, Northeastern University（东北大学理学院）；School of Science, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology（江西理工大学理学院）；MOE Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University（东北大学工业智能与系统优化数据分析和优化教育部重点实验室）；National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Northeastern University（东北大学工业智能与系统优化国家前沿科学中心）
The End of the First Act: Spectral Running, Interacting Dark Radiation, and the Hubble Tension in Light of ACT DR6 Data
Technische Universität München（慕尼黑工业大学）；Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University（北欧理论物理中心，皇家理工学院和斯德哥尔摩大学）；University of Southern Denmark（南丹麦大学）
Since physics of the dark sector components of the Universe is not yet well-understood, the phenomenological studies of non-minimal interaction in the dark sector could possibly pave the way to theoretical and experimental progress in this direction. Therefore, in this work, we intend to explore some features and consequences of a phenomenological interaction in the dark sector. We use the Planck 2018, BAO, JLA, KiDS and HST data to investigate two extensions of the base $Λ$CDM model, viz., (i) we allow the interaction among vacuum energy and dark matter, namely the I$Λ$CDM model, wherein the …
We explore the bounds that can be placed on interactions between cold dark matter and vacuum energy, with equation of state $w=-1$, using state-of-the-art cosmological observations. We consider linear perturbations about a simple background model where the energy transfer per Hubble time, $Q/H$, is a general linear function of the dark matter density, $ρ_c$, and vacuum energy, $V$. We explain the parameter degeneracies found when fitting cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies alone, and show how these are broken by the addition of supernovae data, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and…
In the present paper, we study the capability of interacting dark energy model with pure momentum transfer in the dark sector to reconcile tensions between low redshift observations and cosmic microwave background (CMB) results. This class of interacting model with pure momentum exchange introduces modifications to the standard model in the level of perturbation. We investigate the model by comparing to observational data, including integrated Sachs-Wolfe-galaxy cross-correlation, galaxy power spectrum, $f σ_8$, and CMB data. It is shown that this model can alleviate the observed tension betwe…
We present a tomographic cosmic shear analysis of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) combined with the VISTA Kilo-Degree Infrared Galaxy Survey (VIKING). This is the first time that a full optical to near-infrared data set has been used for a wide-field cosmological weak lensing experiment. This unprecedented data, spanning $450~$deg$^2$, allows us to improve significantly the estimation of photometric redshifts, such that we are able to include robustly higher-redshift sources for the lensing measurement, and - most importantly - solidify our knowledge of the redshift distributions of the sources.…
