We present new constraints on extended cosmological scenarios using the recent data from the Planck 2018 Legacy release. In addition to the six parameters of the standard LCDM model, we also simultaneously vary the dark energy equation of state, the neutrino mass, the neutrino effective number, the running of the spectral index and the lensing amplitude $A_L$. We confirm that a resolution of the Hubble tension is given by a dark energy equation of state with w<-1, ruling out quintessence models at high statistical significance. This solution is, however, not supported by BAO and Pantheon data. We find no evidence for evolving dark energy, i.e. $w_a \neq 0$. The neutrino effective number is always in agreement with the expectations of the standard model based on three active neutrinos. The running of the spectral index also is always consistent with zero. Despite the increase in the number of parameters, the $A_L$ lensing anomaly is still present at more than two standard deviations. The $A_L$ anomaly significantly affects the bounds on the neutrino mass that can be larger by a factor four with respect to those derived under standard $Λ$CDM. While the lensing data reduces the evidence for $A_L>1$, the inclusion of BAO and Pantheon increase its statistical significance.
Testing deviations from the $Λ$CDM model using the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) power spectra requires a pristine understanding of instrumental systematics. In this work we discuss the properties of a new observable ${\cal R}^{TE}_{\ell}$, the correlation coefficient of temperature and E modes. We find that this observable is mostly unaffected by systematics introducing multiplicative biases such as errors in calibration, polarisation efficiency, beam and transfer function measurements. We discuss the dependency of this observable on the cosmological model and derive its statistical prope…
We present a CMB large-scale polarization dataset obtained by combining WMAP Ka, Q and V with Planck 70 GHz maps. We employ the legacy frequency maps released by the WMAP and Planck collaborations and perform our own Galactic foreground mitigation technique, which relies on Planck 353 GHz for polarized dust and on Planck 30 GHz and WMAP K for polarized synchrotron. We derive a single, optimally-noise-weighted, low-residual-foreground map and the accompanying noise covariance matrix. These are shown, through $χ^2$ analysis, to be robust over an ample collection of Galactic masks. We use this da…
We present a brief review of the main results of the Planck 2015 release describing the new calibration of the data, showing the maps delivered in temperature and, for the first time, in polarization, the cosmological parameters and the lensing potential. In addition we present a forecast of the Galactic foregrounds in polarization. Future satellite experiments will have the challenge to remove the foregrounds with great accuracy to be able to measure a tensor-to-scalar ratio of less than 0.01.
We present a reproduction of the Planck 2018 angular power spectra at $\ell > 30$, and associated covariance matrices, for intensity and polarization maps at 100, 143 and 217 GHz. This uses a new, publicly available, pipeline that is part of the PSpipe package. As a test case we use the same input maps, ancillary products, and analysis choices as in the Planck 2018 analysis, and find that we can reproduce the spectra to 0.1$σ$ precision, and the covariance matrices to 10%. We show that cosmological parameters estimated from our re-derived products agree with the public Planck products to 0.1$σ…
This paper describes an improved mapmaking approach with respect to the one used for the Planck High Frequency Instrument 2018 Legacy release. The algorithm SRoll2 better corrects the known instrumental effects that still affected mostly the polarized large-angular-scale data by distorting the signal, and/or leaving residuals observable in null tests. The main systematic effect is the nonlinear response of the onboard analog-to-digital convertors that was cleaned in the Planck HFI Legacy release as an empirical time-varying linear detector chain response which is the first-order effect. The SR…
We investigate the recently introduced metastable dark energy (DE) models after the final Planck 2018 legacy release. The essence of the present work is to analyze their evolution at the level of perturbations. Our analyses show that both the metastable dark energy models considered in this article, are excellent candidates to alleviate the $H_0$ tension. In particular, for the present models, Planck 2018 alone can alleviate the $H_0$ tension within 68\% CL. Along with the final cosmic microwave background data from the Planck 2018 legacy release, we also include external cosmological datasets…
Interacting dark energy models are widely renowned for giving an explanation to the cosmic coincidence problem as well as several observational issues. According to the recent observational data, and so far we are concerned with the literature, the choice of the interaction function between dark matter and dark energy is always questionable since there is no such underlying theory that could derive it. Thus, in this work we have raised this issue by proposing two new nonlinear interaction functions and constrain them using cosmic microwave background (CMB) from Planck 2018, baryon acoustic osc…
We analyze the final release of the Planck satellite data to constrain the gravitational lensing potential in a model-independent manner. The amount of lensing determined from the smoothing of the acoustic peaks in the temperature and polarization power spectra is 2$σ$ too high when compared with the measurements using the lensing reconstruction and 2.8$σ$ too high when compared with $Λ$CDM expectation based on the "unlensed" portion of the temperature and polarization power spectra. The largest change from the previous data release is the $Λ$CDM expectation, driven by improved constraints to …
We present the distance priors from the finally released $Planck~ \textrm{TT,TE,EE}+\textrm{lowE}$ data in 2018. The uncertainties are around $40\%$ smaller than those from $Planck$ 2015 TT$+$lowP. In order to check the validity of these new distance priors, we adopt the distance priors to constrain the cosmological parameters in different dark energy models, including the $Λ$CDM model, the $w$CDM model and the CPL model, and conclude that the distance priors provide consistent constraints on the relevant cosmological parameters compared to those from the full $Planck$ 2018 data release.
We present an estimation of the reionization optical depth $τ$ from an improved analysis of the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) data of Planck satellite. By using an improved version of the HFI map-making code, we greatly reduce the residual large scale contamination affecting the data, characterized, but not fully removed, in the Planck 2018 legacy release. This brings the dipole distortion systematic effect, contaminating the very low multipoles, below the noise level. On large scale polarization only data, we measure $τ=0.0566_{-0.0062}^{+0.0053}$ at $68\%$ C.L., reducing the Planck 2018 le…
In this paper we present photometric redshift (photo-$z$) estimates for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Legacy Imaging Surveys, currently the most sensitive optical survey covering the majority of the extra-galactic sky. Our photo-$z$ methodology is based on a machine-learning approach, using sparse Gaussian processes augmented with Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) that allow regions of parameter space to be identified and trained separately in a purely data-driven way. The same GMMs are also used to calculate cost-sensitive learning weights that mitigate biases in the spectrosco…
In this article we compare a variety of well known dynamical dark energy models using the cosmic microwave background measurements from the 2018 Planck legacy and 2015 Planck data releases, the baryon acoustic oscillations measurements and the local measurements of $H_0$ obtained by the SH0ES (Supernovae, $H_0$, for the Equation of State of Dark energy) collaboration analysing the Hubble Space Telescope data. We discuss the alleviation of $H_0$ tension, that is obtained at the price of a phantom-like dark energy equation of state. We perform a Bayesian evidence analysis to quantify the improve…
Quasars can be used to measure baryon acoustic oscillations at high redshift, which are considered as direct tracers of the most distant large-scale structures in the Universe. It is fundamental to select quasars from observations before implementing the above research. This work focuses on creating a catalog of quasar candidates based on photometric data to provide primary priors for further object classification with spectroscopic data in the future, such as The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Survey. We adopt a machine learning algorithm (Random Forest, RF) for quasar identifica…
We show that a combination of the simplest $α$-attractors and KKLTI models related to Dp-brane inflation covers most of the area in the ($n_{s}$, $r$) space favored by Planck 2018. For $α$-attractor models, there are discrete targets $3α=1,2,...,7$, predicting 7 different values of $r = 12α/N^{2}$ in the range $10^{-2} \gtrsim r \gtrsim 10^{-3}$. In the small $r$ limit, $α$-attractors and Dp-brane inflation models describe vertical $β$-stripes in the ($n_{s}$, $r$) space, with $n_{s}=1-β/N$, $β=2, {5\over 3},{8\over 5}, {3\over 2},{4\over 3}$. A phenomenological description of these models and…
We use data from the DESI Legacy Survey imaging to probe the galaxy density field in tomographic slices covering the redshift range $0<z<0.8$. After careful consideration of completeness corrections and galactic cuts, we obtain a sample of $4.9\times 10^7$ galaxies covering 17 739 deg$^2$. We derive photometric redshifts with precision $σ_z/(1+z)=0.012 - 0.015$, and compare with alternative estimates. Cross-correlation of the tomographic galaxy maps with Planck maps of CMB temperature and lensing convergence probe the growth of structure since $z=0.8$. The signals are compared with a fiducial …
The recently released Planck data have constrained 4-dimensional inflationary parameters even more accurately than ever. We consider an extension of the braneworld model with induced gravity and a non-minimally coupled scalar field on the brane. We constraint the inflation parameters in this setup, by adopting six types of potential, in confrontation with the joint Planck+WMAP9+BAO data. We show that a potential of the type $V(φ)=V_{0}\exp(-βφ)$ has the best fit with newly released observational data.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope DR6 and DESI: Structure growth measurements from the cross-correlation of DESI Legacy Imaging galaxies and CMB lensing from ACT DR6 and Planck PR4
The recent Planck Legacy 2018 release has confirmed the presence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in CMB power spectra compared to that predicted in the standard $Λ$CDM model. A closed universe can provide a physical explanation for this effect, with the Planck CMB spectra now preferring a positive curvature at more than $99 \%$ C.L. Here we further investigate the evidence for a closed universe from Planck, showing that positive curvature naturally explains the anomalous lensing amplitude and demonstrating that it also removes a well-known tension within the Planck data set concerning the val…
We calculate weighted mosaic correlations between the recently published Planck 2015 foreground maps - both anomalous microwave emission (AME) maps, free-free emission, synchrotron radiation and thermal dust emission. The weighting coefficients are constructed taking account of the signal-to-error ratio given by the data product. Positive correlation is found for AME compared with thermal dust emission as well as synchrotron radiation. We find AME and free-free emission tending to be anti-correlated, however, when investigating different scales, their relationship appears to be more complex. W…
The European Space Agency's Planck satellite, which was dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched on 14 May 2009. It scanned the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously between 12 August 2009 and 23 October 2013, producing deep, high-resolution, all-sky maps in nine frequency bands from 30 to 857GHz. This paper presents the cosmological legacy of Planck, which currently provides our strongest constraints on the parameters of the standard cosmological model and some of the tightest limits available on deviations from that model. The 6-parameter LCD…
The Planck Collaboration made its final data release in 2018. In this paper we describe beam-deconvolution map products made from Planck LFI data using the artDeco deconvolution code to symmetrize the effective beam. The deconvolution results are auxiliary data products, available through the Planck Legacy Archive. Analysis of these deconvolved survey difference maps reveals signs of residual signal in the 30-GHz and 44-GHz frequency channels. We produce low-resolution maps and corresponding noise covariance matrices (NCVMs). The NCVMs agree reasonably well with the half-ring noise estimates e…
Recently released Planck data implies a smaller Hubble constant $H_0$ than that from Hubble Space Telescope project (HST) and a larger percentage of the matter components $Ω_m$ compared to Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) in $Λ$CDM model. In this paper we found that even though the tension on $H_0$ between Planck and HST can be relaxed if the dark radiation is introduced ($ΔN_{\rm eff}=0.536_{-0.224}^{+0.229}$ at $68\%$ CL from the datasets of Planck+WMAP Polarization (WP)+baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO)+the combination of supernova Union2.1 compilation of 580 SNe (Union2.1)+HST), $Ω_m$ from P…
We search for the signature of parity-violating physics in the cosmic microwave background, called cosmic birefringence, using the Planck data release 4. We initially find a birefringence angle of $β=0.30\pm0.11$ (68% C.L.) for nearly full-sky data. The values of $β$ decrease as we enlarge the Galactic mask, which can be interpreted as the effect of polarized foreground emission. Two independent ways to model this effect are used to mitigate the systematic impact on $β$ for different sky fractions. We choose not to assign cosmological significance to the measured value of $β$ until we improve …
We revisit the alignments of the largest structures observed in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using the seven and nine-year WMAP and first-year Planck data releases. The observed alignments -- the quadrupole with the octopole and their joint alignment with the direction of our motion with respect to the CMB (the dipole direction) and the geometry of the Solar System (defined by the Ecliptic plane) -- are generally in good agreement with results from the previous WMAP data releases. However, a closer look at full-sky data on the largest scales reveals discrepancies between the earlier W…
We investigate a well known scenario of interaction in the dark sector where the vacuum energy is interacting with cold dark matter throughout the cosmic evolution in light of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from final Planck 2018 release. In addition to this minimal scenario, we generalize the model baseline by including the properties of neutrinos, such as the neutrino mass scale ($M_ν$) and the effective number of neutrino species ($N_{\rm eff}$) as free parameters, in order to verify the possible effects that such parameters might generate on the coupling parameter, and vice ver…
We measure the cross-power spectrum between galaxy density from Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS) catalogues and gravitational lensing convergence from Planck data release 1 (2013) and 2 (2015). We investigate three main galaxy samples: $18.0<i_{\rm AB}<22.0$, $18.0<i_{\rm AB}<23.0$, $18.0<i_{\rm AB}<24.0$ in the redshift range $0.2<z<1.3$ in each of the four CFHTLenS wide fields. By comparing the measured cross-spectrum with model predictions, linear galaxy-dark matter biases of $b=0.82^{+0.24}_{-0.23}, 0.83^{+0.19}_{-0.18}, 0.82^{+0.16}_{-0.14}$ are inferred at signifi…
We review the constraints that the recently released Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Planck data put on inflation and we argue that single field slow-roll inflationary scenarios (with minimal kinetic term) are favored. Then, within this class of models, by means of Bayesian inference, we show how one can rank the scenarios according to their performances, leading to the identification of ``the best models of inflation''.
I cross-correlate the galaxy counts from the Canada-France Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS) galaxy catalogue and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) convergence from the Planck data release 1 (2013) and 2 (2015), following the work of Omori & Holder (2015). I improve their study by computing an analytic covariance from the Halo Model, implementing simulations to validate the theoretically estimated error bars and the reconstruction method, fitting both a galaxy bias and a cross-correlation amplitude using the joint cross and galaxy auto-correlation, and performing a series of null test…
We search for the signature of parity-violating physics in the Cosmic Microwave Background using Planck polarization data from the Public Release 4 (PR4 or $\mathtt{NPIPE}$). For nearly full-sky data, we initially find a birefringence angle $β=0.30^\circ\pm0.11^\circ$ ($68\%$~C.L.). We also find that the values of $β$ decrease as we enlarge the Galactic mask, which can be interpreted as the effect of polarized foreground emission. We use two independent approaches to model this effect and mitigate its impact on $β$. Although results are promising, and the good agreement between both models is …
I give a general review of inflationary cosmology and of its present status, in view of the 2013 data release by the Planck satellite. A specific emphasis is given to the new broad class of theories, the cosmological attractors, which have nearly model-independent predictions converging at the sweet spot of the Planck data in the (n_s,r) plane. I also discuss the problem of initial conditions for the theories favored by the Planck data.
We derive distance priors from Planck first data release, and examine their impact on dark energy constraints from current observational data. We give the mean values and covariance matrix of {R, l_a, Ω_b h^2, n_s}, which give an efficient summary of Planck data. The CMB shift parameters are R=\sqrt{Ω_m H_0^2}\,r(z_*), and l_a=πr(z_*)/r_s(z_*), where z_* is the redshift at the last scattering surface, and r(z_*) and r_s(z_*) denote our comoving distance to z_* and sound horizon at z_* respectively. We find that Planck distance priors are significantly tighter than those from WMAP9. However, ad…
Cosmic Birefringence (CB) is the in-vacuo rotation of the linear polarization direction of photons during propagation, caused by parity-violating extensions of Maxwell electromagnetism. We build low resolution CB angle maps using Planck Legacy and NPIPE products and provide for the first time estimates of the cross-correlation spectra $C_L^{αE}$ and $C_L^{αB}$ between the CB and the CMB polarization fields. We also provide updated CB auto-correlation spectra $C_L^{αα}$ as well as the cross-correlation $C_L^{αT}$ with the CMB temperature field. We report constraints by defining the scale-invari…
The Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalog (ERCSC) has offered the first opportunity to accurately determine the luminosity function of dusty galaxies in the very local Universe (i.e. distances <~ 100 Mpc), at several (sub-)millimetre wavelengths, using blindly selected samples of low redshift sources, unaffected by cosmological evolution. This project, however, requires careful consideration of a variety of issues including the choice of the appropriate flux density measurement, the separation of dusty galaxies from radio sources and from Galactic sources, the correction for the CO emiss…
We derive a new upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio parameter $r$ using the frequentist profile likelihood method. We vary all the relevant cosmological parameters of the $Λ$CDM model, as well as the nuisance parameters. Unlike the Bayesian analysis using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), our analysis is independent of the choice of priors. Using $Planck$ Public Release 4, BICEP/Keck Array 2018, $Planck$ CMB lensing, and BAO data, we find an upper limit of $r<0.037$ at 95% C.L., similar to the Bayesian MCMC result of $r<0.038$ for a flat prior on $r$ and a conditioned $Planck$ lowlEB cova…
Combining measurements taken using the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) from 2001 to 2008 with measurements taken using Planck from 2009 to 2010, we investigate the long-term flux density variability of extragalactic radio sources selected from the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue. The single-year, single-frequency WMAP maps are used to estimate yearly-averaged flux densities of the sources in the four WMAP bands: Ka (33 GHz), Q (41 GHz), V (61 GHz), and W (94 GHz). We identify 82, 67, 32, and 15 sources respectively as variable at greater than 99% confidence level in t…
We present here bounds on neutrino masses from the combination of recent Planck Cosmic Microwave Background measurements and galaxy clustering information from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-III. We use the full shape of either the photometric angular clustering (Data Release 8) or the 3D spectroscopic clustering (Data Release 9) power spectrum in different cosmological scenarios. In the Lambda$CDM scenario, spectroscopic galaxy clustering measurements improve significantly the existing neutrino mass bounds from Planck data. We find sum…
We present the data release paper for the Galaxy Zoo: Hubble (GZH) project. This is the third phase in a large effort to measure reliable, detailed morphologies of galaxies by using crowdsourced visual classifications of colour composite images. Images in GZH were selected from various publicly-released Hubble Space Telescope Legacy programs conducted with the Advanced Camera for Surveys, with filters that probe the rest-frame optical emission from galaxies out to $z \sim 1$. The bulk of the sample is selected to have $m_{I814W} < 23.5$,but goes as faint as $m_{I814W} < 26.8$ for deep images c…
The Planck satellite detectors are calibrated in the 2015 release using the "orbital dipole", which is the time-dependent dipole generated by the Doppler effect due to the motion of the satellite around the Sun. Such an effect has also relativistic time-dependent corrections of relative magnitude 10^(-3), due to coupling with the "solar dipole" (the motion of the Sun compared to the CMB rest frame), which are included in the data calibration by the Planck collaboration. We point out that such corrections are subject to a frequency-dependent multiplicative factor. This factor differs from unity…
In this paper we constrain the cosmological parameters, in particular the tilt of tensor power spectrum, by adopting Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization (B2), Planck released in 2013 (P13) and Wilkinson Microwaves Anisotropy Probe 9-year Polarization (WP) data. We find that a blue tilted tensor power spectrum is preferred at more than $3σ$ confidence level if the data from B2 are assumed to be totally interpreted as the relic gravitational waves, but a scale invariant tensor power spectrum is consistent with the data once the polarized dust is taken into account. The recent…
We update the distance priors by adopting $Planck~ \textrm{TT,TE,EE}+\textrm{lowP}$ data released in 2015, and our results impose at least $30\%$ tighter constraints than those from $Planck~ \textrm{TT}+\textrm{lowP}$. Combining the distance priors with the combination of supernova Union~2.1 compilation of 580 SNe (Union~2.1) and low redshift Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data, we constrain the cosmological parameters in the freely binned dark energy (FBDE) and FBDE$+Ω_k$ models respectively, and find that the equations of state of dark energy in both models are consistent with $w=-1$. Fur…
Within the framework of RG improved inflationary cosmology motivated by asymptotically safe gravity, we study the dynamics of a scalar field which can be interpreted as the Higgs field. The background trajectories of this model can provide sufficient inflationary e-folds and a graceful exit to a radiation dominated phase. We study the possibility of generating primordial curvature perturbations through the Standard Model Higgs boson. This can be achieved under finely tuned parameter choices by making use of the modulated reheating mechanism. The primordial non-gaussianity is expected to be siz…
We use Planck data released in 2015 to constrain the abundance of primordial black holes (PBHs) in dark matter in two different reionization models (one is the instantaneous reionization and the other is the asymmetric reionization), and significantly improve the upper limits on the abundance of PBHs from WMAP 3-year data by around two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, these new limits imply that the event rates of mergers of PBH binaries (Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$) are less than $0.002$ for $M_\text{pbh}=30M_\odot$, $5$ for $M_\text{pbh}=10M_\odot$ and $2000$ for $M_\text{pbh}=2M_\odot$ at $95\%$ …
Recently Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization (B2) discovered the relic gravitational waves at $7.0σ$ confidence level. However, the other cosmic microwave background (CMB) data, for example Planck data released in 2013 (P13), prefer a much smaller amplitude of the primordial gravitational waves spectrum if a power-law spectrum of adiabatic scalar perturbations is assumed in the six-parameter $Λ$CDM cosmology. In this paper, we explore whether the $w$CDM model and the running spectral index can relax the tension between B2 and other CMB data. In particular, we find that a po…
We present new constraints on the frequency dependence of the cosmic birefringence angle from the Planck data release 4 polarization maps. An axion field coupled to electromagnetism predicts a nearly frequency-independent birefringence angle, $β_ν= β$, while Faraday rotation from local magnetic fields and Lorentz violating theories predict a cosmic birefringence angle that is proportional to the frequency, $ν$, to the power of some integer $n$, $β_ν\propto ν^n$. In this work, we first sample $β_ν$ individually for each polarized HFI frequency band in addition to the 70 GHz channel from the LFI…
