General relativity (GR) faces challenges from cosmic acceleration and observational tensions, necessitating stringent tests at cosmological scales. In this work, we probe GR deviations via a $μ$--$Σ$ modified gravity parameterization, integrating KiDS-Legacy weak lensing (WL) data (1347 deg$^2$, $z\leq 2.0$), joint cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from Planck, ACT, and SPT, DESI DR2 baryon acoustic oscillation, and DES-Dovekie supernova data. KiDS-Legacy significantly improves constraint precision: $μ_0$ (matter clustering) by $\sim 60\%$ and $Σ_0$ (gravitational light deflection) by $\sim 43\%$ relative to CMB alone. In the $Λ$CDM background, $μ_0 = 0.21\pm 0.21$ is consistent with GR, while $Σ_0 = 0.149\pm 0.051$ deviates from GR at the 3.0$σ$ level. Furthermore, within the observationally preferred $w_0w_a$CDM background, this deviation in gravitational light deflection persists at the 2.2$σ$ level. This deviation is likely driven by the higher amplitudes in the large-scale CMB lensing measurements. This precise separation of GR-consistent matter clustering and deviant light deflection provides key observational clues for new physics or data systematics. Our work underscores the critical role of synergizing high-precision CMB and WL data in advancing GR tests.
KiDS-Legacy: Constraining dark energy, neutrino mass, and curvature
Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn(波恩大学阿戈兰德天文学研究所);Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), German Centre for Cosmological Lensing(鲁尔大学波鸿分校物理与天文学院天体物理研究所(AIRUB)德国宇宙学透镜研究中心);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London(伦敦大学学院物理与天文系);Leiden Observatory, Leiden University(莱顿大学莱顿天文台);Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology(巴塞罗那科学技术高等能源物理研究所(IFAE))
Consistency test of the large-scale structure with Bernardeau-Nishimichi-Taruya transform of the KiDS-Legacy survey
University of British Columbia(不列颠哥伦比亚大学);Ruhr-Universität Bochum(波鸿鲁尔大学);Nagoya University(名古屋大学);Université Paris-Saclay(巴黎萨克雷大学);Kyoto University(京都大学)
KiDS-Legacy: Redshift distributions and their calibration
Ruhr University Bochum(波鸿鲁尔大学);Polish Academy of Sciences(波兰科学院);University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);University College London(伦敦大学学院);University of Oxford(牛津大学);Donostia International Physics Center(圣塞巴斯蒂安国际物理中心);Universität Bonn(波恩大学);Newcastle University(纽卡斯尔大学);Utrecht University(乌得勒支大学);Leiden University(莱顿大学);The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology(巴塞罗那科学技术研究院);Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)(能源、环境和技术研究中央中心);University of Portsmouth(朴茨茅斯大学);Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna(博洛尼亚大学);INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文台与空间科学部);Universität Innsbruck(因斯布鲁克大学);Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);Imperial College London(帝国理工学院);Universitatät Heidelberg(海德堡大学);Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) - Sezione di Bologna(意大利国家核物理研究所博洛尼亚分部);INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova(意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台);ETH Zürich(苏黎世联邦理工学院);Durham University(杜伦大学)
KiDS-Legacy: Joint analysis of second- and third-order cosmic shear
Universität Innsbruck(因斯布鲁克大学);Universität Bonn(波恩大学);University of Waterloo(滑铁卢大学);Newcastle University(纽卡斯尔大学);University of California, Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校);Polish Academy of Sciences(波兰科学院);Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology(巴塞罗那高等物理研究所,巴塞罗那科学与技术学院);University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);Ruhr University Bochum(鲁尔大学波鸿);Leiden University(莱顿大学)
KiDS-Legacy: WIMP dark matter constraints from the cross-correlation of weak lensing and Fermi-LAT gamma rays
Ruhr University Bochum(鲁尔大学波鸿分校);Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University(名古屋大学理学研究科);Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich(苏黎世联邦理工学院粒子物理与天体物理研究所);Newcastle University(纽卡斯尔大学);University of Oxford(牛津大学);CNRS & Sorbonne Université, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (IAP)(法国国家科学研究中心与索邦大学,巴黎天体物理学研究所);Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Science(波兰科学院理论物理中心)
KiDS-Legacy: Constraints on Horndeski gravity from weak lensing combined with galaxy clustering and cosmic microwave background anisotropies
Ruhr University Bochum(鲁尔大学波鸿分校);Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn(波恩大学阿根兰德天文研究所);Roma Tre University(罗马第三大学);University College London(伦敦大学学院);Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);Imperial College London(帝国理工学院);Royal Holloway, University of London(伦敦大学皇家霍洛威学院)
KiDS-1000 cosmic shear reanalysis using MetaCalibration
Leiden University(莱顿大学);Ruhr University Bochum(波鸿鲁尔大学);University of Oxford(牛津大学);University College London(伦敦大学学院);University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);Newcastle University(纽卡斯尔大学);Universität Bonn(波恩大学)