In this paper, we provide the geometric formulation to the two-component Camassa-Holm equation (2-mCHE). We also study the relation between the 2-mCHE and the M-CV equation. We have shown that these equations arise from the invariant space curve flows in three-dimensional Euclidean geometry. Using this approach we have established the geometrical equivalence between the 2-mCHE and the M-CV equation. The gauge equivalence between these equations is also considered.
In this paper, we propose a new approach to calculate multi-soliton solutions of Camassa-Holm (CH) equation and modified Camassa-Holm (MCH) equation with aid of Darboux transformation (DT). The new approach simplifies the approach presented in {\it Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A} {\bf 460} 2617-2627 (2004). We first map the CH and MCH equation to a negative order KdV (NKdV) equation by a reciprocal transformation. Then we proceed to apply the DT to solve the NKdV equation in the usual way. Finally we invert the reciprocal transformation to recover the solutions of the CH equation and MCH equation.
In this paper we show that non-smooth functions which are distributional traveling wave solutions to the two component Camassa-Holm equation are distributional traveling wave solutions to the Camassa-Holm equation provided that the set $u^{-1}(c)$, where $c$ is the speed of the wave, is of measure zero. In particular there are no new peakon or cuspon solutions beyond those already satisfying the Camassa-Holm equation. However, the two component Camassa-Holm equation has distinct from Camassa-Holm equation smooth traveling wave solutions as well as new distributional solutions when the measure …
Series of deformed Camassa-Holm-type equations are constructed using the Lagrangian deformation and Loop algebra splittings. They are weakly integrable in the sense of modified Lax pairs.
Under the traveling wave transformation, Camassa-Holm equation with dispersion is reduced to an integrable ODE whose general solution can be obtained using the trick of one-parameter group. Furthermore combining complete discrimination system for polynomial, the classifications of all single traveling wave solutions to the Camassa-Holm equation with dispersion is obtained. In particular, an affine subspace structure in the set of the solutions of the reduced ODE is obtained. More general, an implicit linear structure in Camassa-Holm equation with dispersion is found. According to the linear st…
An extension of the Camassa-Holm hierarchy is constructed in this letter. The conserved quantities of the hierarchy are studied and a recurrent formula for the integrals of motion is derived.
In this letter, we propose a (2+1)-dimensional generalized Camassa-Holm (2dgCH) hierarchy with both quadratic and cubic nonlinearity. The Lax representation and peakon solutions for the 2dgCH system are derived.
We provide a treatment of real-valued, smooth, and bounded algebro-geometric solutions of the Camassa--Holm (CH) hierarchy and describe the associated isospectral torus. We also discuss real-valued algebro-geometric solutions with a cusp behavior.
Integrable equations exhibit interesting conformal properties and can be written in terms of the so-called conformal invariants. The most basic and important example is the KdV equation and the corresponding Schwarz-KdV equation. Other examples, including the Camassa-Holm equation and the associated Camassa-Holm equation are investigated in this paper. It is shown that the Baecklund transform is related to the conformal properties of these equations. Some particular solutions of the Associated Camassa-Holm Equation are discussed also.
The squared eigenfunctions of the spectral problem associated to the Camassa-Holm equation represent a complete basis of functions, which helps to describe the Inverse Scattering Transform for the Camassa-Holm hierarchy as a Generalised Fourier transform. The main result of this work is the derivation of the completeness relation for the squared solutions of the Camassa-Holm spectral problem. We show that all the fundamental properties of the Camassa-Holm equation such as the integrals of motion, the description of the equations of the whole hierarchy and their Hamiltonian structures can be na…
The Poisson brackets for the scattering data of the Camassa-Holm equation are computed. Consequently, the action-angle variables are expressed in terms of the scattering data.
We classify generalised Camassa-Holm type equations which possess infinite hierarchies of higher symmetries. We show that the obtained equations can be treated as negative flows of integrable quasi-linear scalar evolution equations of orders 2, 3 and 5. We present the corresponding Lax representations or linearisation transformations for these equations. Some of the obtained equations seem to be new.
We study a Kadomtsev-Petviashvili system for the local Camassa-Holm hierarchy obtaining a candidate to the Baker-Akhiezer function for its first reduction generalizing the local Camassa-Holm. We focus our attention on the differences with the standard KdV-KP case.
In this paper, we propose a multi-component system of Camassa-Holm equation, denoted by CH($N$,$H$) with 2N components and an arbitrary smooth function $H$. This system is shown to admit Lax pair and infinitely many conservation laws. We particularly study the case of N=2 and derive the bi-Hamiltonian structures and peaked soliton (peakon) solutions for some examples.
The extended N=2 supersymmetric Camasa - Holm equation is presented. It is accomplishe by formulation the supersymmeytric version of the Fuchssteiner method. In this framework we use two supersymmetric recursion operators of the N=2, $α=-2,4$ Korteweg - de Vries equation and constructed two different version of the supersymmetric Camassa - Holm equation. The bosonic sector of N=2, $α=4$ supersymmetric Camassa - Holm equation contains two component generalization of this equation considered by Chen, Liu and Zhang and as a special case two component generalized Hunter - Saxton equation considere…
We investigate the Painleve analysis for a (2+1) dimensional Camassa-Holm equation. Our results show that it admits only weak Painleve expansions. This then confirms the limitations of the Painleve test as a test for complete integrability when applied to non-semilinear partial differential equations.
The inverse problem which arises in the Camassa--Holm equation is revisited for the class of discrete densities. The method of solution relies on the use of orthogonal polynomials. The explicit formulas are obtained directly from the analysis on the real axis without any additional transformation to a "string" type boundary value problem known from prior works.
A classification of integrable two-component systems of non-evolutionary partial differential equations that are analogous to the Camassa-Holm equation is carried out via the perturbative symmetry approach. Independently, a classification of compatible pairs of Hamiltonian operators is carried out, which leads to bi-Hamiltonian structures for the same systems of equations. Some exact solutions and Lax pairs are also constructed for the systems considered.
Regarded as the integrable generalization of Camassa-Holm (CH) equation, the CH equation with self-consistent sources (CHESCS) is derived. The Lax representation of the CHESCS is presented. The conservation laws for CHESCS are constructed. The peakon solution, N-soliton, N-cuspon, N-positon and N-negaton solutions of CHESCS are obtained by using Darboux transformation and the method of variation of constants.
An Inverse Scattering Method is developed for the Camassa-Holm equation. As an illustration of our approach the solutions corresponding to the reflectionless potentials are explicitly constructed in terms of the scattering data. The main difference with respect to the standard Inverse Scattering Transform lies in the fact that we have a weighted spectral problem. We therefore have to develop different asymptotic expansions.
In the present paper, we investigate some geometrical properties of the Camass-Holm equation (CHE). We establish the geometrical equivalence between the CHE and the M-CIV equation using a link with the motion of curves. We also show that these two equations are gauge equivalent each to other.
We consider a 3$\times$3 spectral problem which generates four-component CH type systems. The bi-Hamiltonian structure and infinitely many conserved quantities are constructed for the associated hierarchy. Some possible reductions are also studied.
It is pointed out that the higher-order symmetries of the Camassa-Holm (CH) equation are nonlocal and nonlocality poses problems to obtain higher-order conserved densities for this integrable equation (J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 2005, {\bf 38} 869-880). This difficulty is circumvented by defining a nolinear hierarchy for the CH equation and an explicit expression is constructed for the nth-order conserved density.
An explicit reciprocal transformation between a 2-component generalization of the Camassa-Holm equation, called the 2-CH system, and the first negative flow of the AKNS hierarchy is established, this transformation enables one to obtain solutions of the 2-CH system from those of the first negative flow of the AKNS hierarchy. Interesting examples of peakon and multi-kink solutions of the 2-CH system are presented.
The modified method of simplest equation is applied to the extended Korteweg - de Vries equation and to generalized Camassa - Holm equation. Exact traveling wave solutions of these two nonlinear partial differential equations are obtained. The equations of Bernoulli, Riccati and the extended tanh - equation are used as simplest equations. Some of the obtained solutions correspond to surface water waves.
A generalization of the negative Camassa-Holm hierarchy to 2+1 dimensions is presented under the name CHH(2+1). Several hodograph transformations are applied in order to transform the hierarchy into a system of coupled CBS (Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff) equations in 2+1 dimensions that pass the Painleve test. A non-isospectral Lax pair for CHH(2+1) is obtained through the above mentioned relationship with the CBS spectral problem..
We study the integrability and equivalence of a generalized Heisenberg ferromagnet-type equation (GHFE). The different forms of this equation as well as its reduction are presented. The Lax representation (LR) of the equation is obtained. We observe that the geometrical and gauge equivalent counterpart of the GHFE is the modified Camassa-Holm equation (mCHE) with an arbitrary parameter $κ$. Finally, the 1-soliton solution of the GHFE is obtained.
In this paper, we propose a three-component Camassa-Holm (3CH) system with cubic nonlinearity and peakons. The 3CH model is proven integrable in the sense of Lax pair, Hamiltonian structure, and conservation laws. We show that this system admits peaked soliton (peakon) and multi-peakon solutions. Additionally, reductions of the 3CH system are investigated so that a new integrable perturbed CH equation with cubic nonlinearity is generated to possess peakon solutions.
The parametric representation is given to the multisoliton solution of the Camassa-Holm equation. It has a simple structure expressed in terms of determinants. The proof of the solution is carried out by an elementary theory of determinanats. The large time asymptotic of the solution is derived with the fomula for the phase shift. The latter reveals a new feature when compared with the one for the typical soliton solutions. The peakon limit of the phase shift ia also considered, showing that it reproduces the known result.
We study the symmetry and integrability of a modified Camassa-Holm Equation (MCH), with an arbitrary parameter $k,$ of the form $$u_{t}+k(u-u_{xx})^2u_{x}-u_{xxt}+(u^{2}-{u_{x}}^2)(u_{x}-u_{xxx})=0.$$ By using Lie point symmetries we reduce the order of the above equation and also we obtain interesting novel solutions for the reduced ordinary differential equations. Finally we apply the Painlevé Test to the resultant nonlinear ordinary differential equation.
In this paper, we study the generalized Heisenberg ferromagnet equation, namely, the M-CVI equation. This equation is integrable. The integrable motion of the space curves induced by the M-CVI equation is presented. Using this result, the Lakshmanan (geometrical) equivalence between the M-CVI equation and the two-component Camassa-Holm equation is established. Note that these equations are gauge equivalent each to other.
We introduce a bi-Hamiltonian hierarchy on the loop-algebra of sl(2) endowed with a suitable Poisson pair. It gives rise to the usual CH hierarchy by means of a bi-Hamiltonian reduction, and its first nontrivial flow provides a 3-component extension of the CH equation.
We provide a detailed treatment of the Camassa--Holm (CH) hierarchy with special emphasis on its algebro-geometric solutions. In analogy to other completely integrable hierarchies of soliton equations such as the KdV or AKNS hierarchies, the CH hierarchy is recursively constructed by means of basic polynomial formalism invoking a spectral parameter. Moreover, we study Dubrovin-type equations for auxiliary divisors and associated trace formulas, consider the corresponding algebro-geometric initial value problem, and derive the theta function representations of algebro-geometric solutions of the…
Using a Miura-Gardner-Kruskal type construction, we show that the Camassa-Holm equation has an infinite number of local conserved quantities. We explore the implications of these conserved quantities for global well-posedness.
We show how the change from Eulerian to Lagrangian coordinates for the two-component Camassa-Holm system can be understood in terms of certain reparametrizations of the underlying isospectral problem. The respective coordinates correspond to different normalizations of an associated first order system. In particular, we will see that the two-component Camassa-Holm system in Lagrangian variables is completely integrable as well.
A coupled Camassa-Holm type equation is linked to the first negative flow of a modified Drinfeld-Sokolov III hierarchy by a transformation of reciprocal type. Meanwhile the Lax pair and bi-Hamiltonian structure behaviors of this coupled Camassa-Holm type equation under change of variables are analyzed.
We discuss a reciprocal transformation for a three-component Camassa-Holm type equation and find that the transformed system is a reduction of the first negative flow for an extended MKdV hierarchy.
A dressing method is applied to a matrix Lax pair for the Camassa-Holm equation, thereby allowing for the construction of several global solutions of the system. In particular solutions of system of soliton and cuspon type are constructed explicitly. The interactions between soliton and cuspon solutions of the system are investigated. The geometric aspects of the Camassa-Holm equation ar re-examined in terms of quantities which can be explicitly constructed via the inverse scattering method.
A map is presented that associates with each element of a loop group a solution of an equation related by a simple change of coordinates to the Camassa-Holm (CH) Equation. Certain simple automorphisms of the loop group give rise to Backlund transformations of the equation. These are used to find 2-soliton solutions of the CH equation, as well as some novel singular solutions.
Integrable equations with second order Lax pair like KdV and Camassa-Holm (CH) exhibit interesting conformal properties and can be written in terms of the so-called conformal invariants (Schwarz form). These properties for the CH hierarchy are discussed in this contribution. The squared eigenfunctions of the spectral problem, associated to the Camassa-Holm equation represent a complete basis of functions, which helps to describe the Inverse Scattering Transform (IST) for the Camassa-Holm hierarchy as a Generalised Fourier Transform (GFT). Using GFT we describe explicitly some members of the CH…
Based on the symbolic computation approach, multiple rogue wave solutions of the generalized (2+1)-dimensional Camassa-Holm-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation are studied. As an example, we present the 1-rogue wave solutions, 3-rogue wave solutions and 6-rogue wave solutions. Furthermore, some dynamics features of the obtained multiple rogue wave solutions are shown by 3D, contour and density graphics.
We show that the bi-Hamiltonian structures of the Camassa-Holm and Harry Dym hierarchies can be obtained by applying a reduction process to a simple Poisson pair defined on the loop algebra of $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb{R})$. The reduction process is a bi-Hamiltonian reduction, that can be canonically performed on every bi-Hamiltonian manifold.
Recently the associated Camassa-Holm (ACH) equation, related to the Fuchssteiner-Fokas-Camassa-Holm equation by a hodograph transformation, was introduced by Schiff, who derived Bäcklund transformations by a loop group technique and used these to obtain some simple soliton and rational solutions. We show how the ACH equation is related to Schrödinger operators and the KdV hierarchy, and use this connection to obtain exact solutions (rational and N-soliton solutions). More generally, we show that solutions of ACH on a constant background can be obtained directly from the tau-functions of known …
A nonlinearly generalized Camassa-Holm equation, depending an arbitrary nonlinearity power $p \neq 0$, is considered. This equation reduces to the Camassa-Holm equation when $p=1$ and shares one of the Hamiltonian structures of the Camassa-Holm equation. Two main results are obtained. A classification of point symmetries is presented and a peakon solution is derived, for all powers $p \neq 0$.
We construct a new series of multicomponent integrable PDE systems that contain as particular example (with appropriately chosen parameters) many famous integrable systems including KdV, coupled KdV, Harry Dym, coupled Harry Dym, Camassa-Holm, multicomponent Camassa-Holm, Kaup-Boussinesq systems. The series contains also integrable systems with no low-component analogues.
We introduce a generalized isospectral problem for global conservative multi-peakon solutions of the Camassa-Holm equation. Utilizing the solution of the indefinite moment problem given by M. G. Krein and H. Langer, we show that the conservative Camassa-Holm equation is integrable by the inverse spectral transform in the multi-peakon case.
The link between the short wave model of the Camassa-Holm equation (SCHE) and bilinear equations of the two-dimensional Toda lattice (2DTL) is clarified. The parametric form of N-cuspon solution of the SCHE in Casorati determinant is then given. Based on the above finding, integrable semi-discrete and full-discrete analogues of the SCHE are constructed. The determinant solutions of both semi-discrete and fully discrete analogues of the SCHE are also presented.
An integrable semi-discretization of the Camassa-Holm equation is presented. The keys of its construction are bilinear forms and determinant structure of solutions of the CH equation. Determinant formulas of $N$-soliton solutions of the continuous and semi-discrete Camassa-Holm equations are presented. Based on determinant formulas, we can generate multi-soliton, multi-cuspon and multi-soliton-cuspon solutions. Numerical computations using the integrable semi-discrete Camassa-Holm equation are performed. It is shown that the integrable semi-discrete Camassa-Holm equation gives very accurate nu…
We apply the method of nonlinear steepest descent to compute the long-time asymptotics of the Camassa-Holm equation for decaying initial data, completing previous results by A. Boutet de Monvel and D. Shepelsky.
Motivated by the paper (Beals, Sattinger and Szmigielski, Adv. Math. 154 (2000) 229--257), we propose an extension of the Camassa-Holm equation, which also admits the multipeakon solutions. The novel aspect is that our approach is mainly based on classic determinant technique. Furthermore, the proposed equation is shown to possess a nonisospectral Lax pair.
In our paper we show that the Camassa-Holm equation does not represent a long wave asymptotic due to a major inconsistency with the theory of shallow water waves. We state that any solution of the Camassa-Holm equation, which is not asymptotically close to a solution of the Korteweg--de Vries equation is an artefact of the model and irrelevant to the theory of shallow water waves.
In the present paper, we are concerned with integrable discretization of a modified Camassa-Holm equation with linear dispersion term. The key of the construction is the semi-discrete analogue for a set of bilinear equations of the modified Camassa-Holm equation. Firstly, we show that these bilinear equations and their determinant solutions either in Gram-type or Casorati-type can be reduced from the discrete KP equation through Miwa transformation. Then, by scrutinizing the reduction process, we obtain a set of semi-discrete bilinear equations and their general soliton solution in Gram-type o…
We establish the inverse spectral transform for the conservative Camassa-Holm flow with decaying initial data. In particular, it is employed to prove existence of weak solutions for the corresponding Cauchy problem.
