论天赋与运气模型中极端财富不平等的起源
On the origins of extreme wealth inequality in the Talent vs Luck Model
摘要：
虽然世界上的财富分布是高度倾斜和厚尾的，但人类才能--作为大多数个人特征--是正态分布的。在Pluchino等人最近的一项计算研究中[Talent vs luck：The role of random in success and failure，Adv. Complex Syst. 21（03-04）（2018）1850014]，已经表明随机外部因素（幸运和不幸事件）和资本积累中的乘法动态的综合影响能够澄清这一明显的矛盾。我们在这里介绍一个简化版本（STvL）的原始人才与运气（TvL）模型，其中只有幸运事件，并验证其动力学规则导致相同的非常大的财富不平等的原始模型。我们还得到了一些分析近似，旨在捕捉的机制，负责创造这种财富不平等的高斯分布的人才。在这些近似下，我们的分析能够很好地再现在特殊情况下的简化模型的数值模拟的结果。另一方面，它也表明，该模型的复杂性在于，幸运事件被转化为资本的增加与异质率，这产生了一个非平凡的推广的作用，乘法过程中产生的财富不平等，其完全通用的情况下，仍然是不服从分析计算。
英文摘要：
While wealth distribution in the world is highly skewed and heavy-tailed, human talent - as the majority of individual features - is normally distributed. In a recent computational study by Pluchino et al [Talent vs luck: The role of randomness in success and failure, Adv. Complex Syst. 21 (03-04) (2018) 1850014], it has been shown that the combined effects of both random external factors (lucky and unlucky events) and multiplicative dynamics in capital accumulation are able to clarify this apparent contradiction. We introduce here a simplified version (STvL) of the original Talent versus Luck (TvL) model, where only lucky events are present, and verify that its dynamical rules lead to the same very large wealth inequality as the original model. We also derive some analytical approximations aimed to capture the mechanism responsible for the creation of such wealth inequality from a Gaussian-distributed talent. Under these approximations, our analysis is able to reproduce quite well the results of the numerical simulations of the simplified model in special cases. On the other hand, it also shows that the complexity of the model lies in the fact that lucky events are transformed into an increase of capital with heterogeneous rates, which yields a non-trivial generalization of the role of multiplicative processes in generating wealth inequality, whose fully generic case is still not amenable to analytical computations.
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