From the complex motions of robots to the oxygen binding of hemoglobin, the function of many mechanical systems depends on large, coordinated movements of their components. Such movements arise from a network of physical interactions in the form of links that transmit forces between constituent elements. However, the principled design of specific movements is made difficult by the number and nonlinearity of interactions. Here, we model mechanical systems as linkages of rigid bonds (edges) connected by joints (nodes), and formulate a simple but powerful framework for designing full nonlinear coordinated motions using concepts from dynamical systems theory. We begin with principles for designing finite and infinitesimal motions in small modules, and show that each module is a one-dimensional map between distances across pairs of nodes. Next, we represent the act of combining modules as an iteration of this map, and design networks whose geometries reflect the map's fixed points, limit cycles, and chaos. We use this representation to design different folding sequences from a deployable network and a soliton, to a branched network acting as a mechanical AND gate. Finally, we design large changes in curvature of the entire network, and construct physical networks from laser-cut acrylic, origami, and 3D printed material to demonstrate the framework's potential and versatility for designing the full conformational trajectory of morphing metamaterials and structures.
Cooperative Conformational Transitions in Macromolecules under Mechanical Stretching. An Exactly Solved Model for Single Molecule Experiments
University of Barcelona（巴塞罗那大学）；University of Lleida（莱里达大学）；Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC)（加泰罗尼亚生物工程学院）；The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)（巴塞罗那科学与技术研究院）
Network rigidity at finite temperature: Relationships between thermodynamic stability, the non-additivity of entropy and cooperativity in molecular systems
